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And another one figure from the Enlightenment was very important for Jung and his name was Wolfgang von Goethe the great German poet.
启蒙运动中的另一个人物对荣格也非常重要，他的名字叫沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德，他是伟大的德国诗人。
And Goethe was important to Jung for two reasons. One is, of course, that is famous poem. Faust is very impressive and Jung read it at an early age, and his mother told him he should take a look at it.
歌德对荣格的重要影响原因有二。其中之一当然就是著名的诗歌。非常令人赞叹的《浮士德》，荣格在很小的时候就读过它，并且是荣格的母亲告诉他应该看一看。
And the other reason the Goethe was important for him is that there was a rumor in his family that his grandfather had been a child of Goethe and an illegitimate child of Goethe, and therefore Jung himself was related to the poet Goethe.
歌德对荣格来说很重要的另一个原因是，在他的家庭中有一个传闻，说他的祖父是歌德的孩子，是歌德的私生子，因此荣格本人与诗人歌德就有血缘关系。
So all of this gives you a sense that a kind of general that very detail but I hope I convince a sense of the Jung’s cultural background in European philosophy and religion.
因此，所有这些给你们一种总体上的非常详细的感觉，但我希望我能使你确信荣格在欧洲哲学和宗教领域的文化背景。
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约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德（Johann Wolfgang von Goethe，1749年8月28日—1832年3月22日），德国著名思想家、作家、科学家。代表作有《葛兹·冯·伯利欣根》《少年维特之烦恼》《浮士德》等。
As the Swiss, he was a very independent thinker, a Protestant Christian, he had strong connections to the Bible and its’ teachings, and as a student of the Enlightenment, he was committed to rationality and reason.
作为瑞士人，他是一个非常独立的思想家，是一个基督教徒，他与圣经及其教义有着密切的联系，作为启蒙运动的学生，他致力于理性和逻辑。
There was one other influence on Jung that is quite important that comes from his mother and his mother's side of the family.
还有另外一个对荣格有非常重要的影响，那就是他的母亲和他母亲的家族。
This was the experience of spiritualism.
这是唯灵论的经验来源。
What is spiritualism? It's the experience and investigation of the spirit world and the world of spirits, ghosts, invisible beings that one can’t touch and taste, but one can get certain indications that their present.
什么是唯灵论？这是对精神世界以及幽灵、鬼魂和不可见的生物世界的体验和调查研究，虽然人们无法触摸和体验到这些东西，但可以从某种迹象上表明它们的存在。
And Jung wanted to discover if he could investigate the spirit world scientifically?
而荣格想知晓，他是否可以科学地调查研究精神世界？
And that would mean to do some tests and some experiments and some practical investigations into this phenomenon along the phenomenal world, empirical world where people are claiming to experience, the presence of spirits.
那就意味着要在人们自称经历过的灵魂存在的现象世界、经验世界，对该现象进行一些测验、实验和调查研究。
And the Jung’s family there was a tradition of openness to this world on his mother's side.
在荣格母亲的家族这一边有一个传统，那就是对这个世界持开放的态度。
The mother's family name was Preiswerk. Preiswerk was the name of the very important religious figure of Basel, he was the head minister of the church and he was also open to speaking with the spirits of the dead.
荣格的母亲姓氏是普瑞斯维克。普斯瑞克是巴塞尔非常重要的宗教人物的名字，他是教堂的教长，并且他也乐于与死者的灵魂对话。
And Jung’s mother had the same tendency. She also could apparently communicate with the spirits of the dead and one of Jung's cousins, the young girl named Hayley. Hayley Preiswerk was especially gifted as a medium.
而荣格的母亲也有同样的倾向，她显然也可以与死者的灵魂对话。荣格有一个表妹，叫海莉·普瑞斯维克的年轻女孩，是特别有天赋的灵媒。
And a one point in Jung’s youth I think when he was a teenager, they invited the cousin, Hayley Preiswerk into their home, and in the afternoons of the Wednesday afternoons, they would dark the Windows and sit around the table, and the cousin would begin speaking with going into a mediumistic trance speak with the voices of the ancestors, the dead spirits of the ancestors.
有这样一个故事，当荣格还是青少年的时候，在一个星期三的下午，他们邀请表妹海莉·普瑞斯维克到家里来，他们关上窗户并围坐在桌子旁，海莉表妹开始进入到一种灵媒的恍惚状态，用一种祖先的声音——祖先死去的灵魂说话。
（未完待续···）
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