上句见：Day87
The Story of Philosophy的第88句：第1章Plato第1节The Context of Plato第8段第1句：

During the great generation-long Peloponnesian war(430-400 B.C.), in which the military power of Sparta fought and at last defeated the naval power of Athens, the Athenian oligarchic party, led by Critias, advocated the abandonment of democracy on the score of its inefficiency in war, and secretly lauded the aristocratic government of Sparta. Many of the oligarchic leaders were exiled: but when at last Athens surrendered, one of the peace conditions imposed by Sparta was the recall of these exiled aristocrats. They had hardly returned when, with Critias at their head, they declared a rich man’s revolution against the “democratic” party that had ruled during the disastrous war. The revolution failed, and Critias was killed on the field of battle.
浙江大学译本：在长达二十多年的伯罗奔尼撒战争（前431一前404)中，斯巴达军队最终取得对雅典海军的胜利，当时雅典由赛提亚领导的寡头政权借战争天利之机宣布放弃民主，并暗地里赞赏斯巴达的贵族制政府。

解析

这句讲的是雅典寡头政党对战时民主制不满。
1、During the great generation-long Peloponnesian war(430-400 B.C.),
伯罗奔尼撒战争：历经30年左右，从公元前430年开始，到公元前400年结束。
generation：the average length of time between the birth of parents and the birth of their children 一辈通常认为大约是30年
These religious explanations were handed down from generation to generation in the form of myths. 这些宗教上的解释透过神话的形式代代流传下来。
Peloponnesian war：是场以雅典为首提洛同盟与以斯巴达为首的伯罗奔尼撒联盟之间的战争。导火索是伊庇丹奴和波提狄亚两地的争端，开启两个联盟的全面战争。这场战争中涉及几乎所有的希腊城邦，或提供钱或提供军事，长达近30年，最终以伯罗奔尼撒同盟胜利而结束。

2、in which the military power of Sparta fought
参加一方是：斯巴达的军事力量参战。

3、**and at last defeated the naval power of Athens, **
战败方：雅典的海军力量。

4、the Athenian oligarchic party, led by Critias,
雅典的寡头政党：当时由赛提亚领导。
on the score of：for the reason of, because of.因为
Amy feared no scorn and unkindness on the score of her birth. Amy不怕因其出身而遭人嘲笑和恶意对待。

5、advocated the abandonment of democracy on the score of its inefficiency in war,
寡头政党的理念：由于其战时的低效，主张放弃民主制。

6、and secretly lauded the aristocratic government of Sparta.
寡头政党行动：暗地里称赞斯巴达的贵族制政府。
laud: to praise (someone or something)颂扬
举例：Today all three are lauded for their opposition to slavery.今天，这三个人都因反对奴隶制而受到赞扬。
斯巴达的贵族制政府（the aristocratic government of Sparta）：其国家机构主要由国王、公民大会、长老会议和监察官。其中2名国王是分别由2家族世袭，平时主持国家祭祀；战时一位坐镇国内，一位外出作战。公民大会只负责表决，实际权力不大。长老会议则是最高权力机关，讨论和决定一切国家大事。其成员有30人，其中包括2名国王以及28人是年逾六旬的眆，任职终身。而监察官5人，由公民大会从贵族中选出，用于监督和审理国王的不法行为、监督公民生活和镇压希洛人的反抗等权力。后期权力不断扩大，代替国王主持长老会议和公民会议，成为国家的中枢机关。

在长达近30年的伯罗奔尼撒战争（公元前430-公元前400）年，由斯巴达军事力量对战雅典的海军力量，并最终打败后者。这此战争期间，由克里提亚斯领导的雅典寡头党派双战时效率不高为由，主张放弃民主制，并暗地里称赞斯巴达的贵族寡头政体。