New Supplemental Reading Available!
Looking for more reading to support your Toastmasters learning? You can now access curated Toastmaster magazine articles directly from Base Camp!
If you've started work in Level 1 of any path, check your Suggested Learning box on the Base Camp home page for a list of articles that complement topics covered in Level 1. Or, look for the Supplemental Reading subject on the Tutorials and Resources page. Be sure to check back regularly for more articles to enrich learning throughout your path. 新的补充阅读!
想要更多的阅读来支持你在演讲会的学习?您现在可以直接从Base Camp主页访问策划的Toastmaster杂志文章!
如果您已经开始在任何路径的Level 1学习，请查看Base Camp主页上的“Suggested Learning （建议学习）”框，以获得补充Level 1所涵盖主题的文章列表。或者，在“Tutorials and Resources ”（教程和参考资料）页面中查找Supplemental Reading（补充阅读）主题。一定要定期查看更多的文章来丰富你的学习过程。
Making the Most of Evaluations 充分利用评估
Are your evaluations benefiting the entire club? They should be.
你的评估是否有益于整个俱乐部? 它们应该这样。
By Megan Preston Meyer
作者:Megan Preston Meyer
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Man speaking at lectern while people listen around table Evaluation is a recurring club topic, and with good reason. Evaluations take up one-third of a typical Toastmasters meeting, and they are the main mechanism through which we learn, grow and improve. Without evaluations, we’d just be a bunch of people sitting in a room talking at each other.
评估是俱乐部里一个反复出现的话题，而且有充分的理由。评估占据了Toastmasters会议的三分之一，它们是我们学习、成长和提升的主要机制。如果没有评估，我们就只是一群人坐在一间屋子里互相交谈。
Knowing how to evaluate effectively is one of the best things you can do to help your fellow club members grow. Consider these tips.
知道如何有效地评估是你能做的帮助俱乐部会员成长的最好的事情之一。考虑以下建议。
A conversation, not a monologue 对话，而不是独白
A good speech evaluation is a multi-step process. It’s like a conversation, starting before the meeting and ending after it.
As you know, Pathways levels introduce new elements of speech-crafting and leadership serially, so that new skills are layered on top of one another. Each speech has a specific objective, which allows evaluators to specifically assess how well the speaker fulfills them.
一个好的演讲评估是一个多步骤的过程。这就像一场谈话，开始于会议之前，结束于会议之后。
如你所知，“Pathways”的项目会连续引入新的沟通和领导力元素，所以新技能会层层叠加。每个演讲项目都有一个特定的目标，这让评估者可以具体评估演讲者实现这些目标的能力。
The easiest way to decipher the speech objectives is to look at the Pathways project evaluation form. The speaker should provide you with the feedback form so you can fill it out during the meeting.
解读演讲目标的最简单方法是查看“Pathways”项目评估表。演讲者应该给你反馈表，以便你在会议期间填写。
You can’t—and shouldn’t—critique every detail of the speech. Knowing the speech objectives will help you to focus your evaluation on specific, actionable feedback.
你不能——也不应该——批评演讲的每一个细节。了解演讲的目标将有助于你将评估集中在具体的、可操作的反馈上。
Know your audience(s) 了解你的听众(s)
Who is your target audience? “The speaker,” you say? Wrong! OK, not wrong—in fact, you’re right. But an even better answer would be “The speaker—and everyone else in the room.”
你的目标受众是谁? “说话的人，”你说?错了!好吧，没有错——事实上，你是对的。但更好的答案应该是“演讲者——以及房间里的所有人。”
The target audience for a spoken evaluation is the club itself. Every member and guest should be able to take something from the evaluation and apply it to their next speech. A good in-club speech evaluation, then, should be full of universal feedback, backed up by specific examples from the speaker’s speech.
口头评估的目标受众是俱乐部本身。每个成员和嘉宾都应该能够从评估中获得一些东西，并将其应用到下次的演讲中。一个好的俱乐部内演讲评估应该充满普遍性的反馈，并以演讲者演讲中的具体例子为依据。
Here’s an example: “I’ve seen you speak three times, and each time, you’ve ended up with your hands in the pockets of your sport coat. Try to keep your hands out and relaxed.”
举个例子:“我看过你三次演讲，每次你都把手插在运动外套的口袋里。尽量把手伸出来，放松。”
“A good club speech evaluation should be full of universal feedback, backed up by specific examples from the speaker’s speech.”
“一个好的俱乐部演讲评估应该充满普适性的反馈，并以演讲者演讲中的具体例子作为支持。”
This is very speaker-specific; another member listening to this might think, This obviously doesn’t apply to me; I don’t even own a sport coat.
这是特定于演讲者的；听到这个的另一个会员可能会想：这显然不适用于我，我连一件运动外套都没有。
Contrast that with the following: “I noticed that your hands were in your pockets for much of the speech. To me, closed body language like this conveys a lack of confidence. Using more open, confident body language might help the audience to buy into your message even more.”
相反这样说:“我注意到在演讲的大部分时间里，你的手都插在口袋里。对我来说，这种封闭的肢体语言会让人觉得缺乏自信。使用更开放、更自信的肢体语言可能会帮助听众更容易接受你的信息。”
Here, the feedback is universal: closed body language shows a lack of confidence. The speaker now remembers what to do with his hands. Others will hear the observation and have additional thoughts, such as Don’t cross arms over body or Don’t hang on to the lectern so tight that knuckles turn white.
这一点，反馈是普适性的:封闭的肢体语言表明缺乏自信。演讲者现在记起他的手该怎么做了。其他人听到这个观察结果后，会有其他的想法，如“不要交叉双臂放在身体上”或“不要紧抓讲台，以至于指关节都变白”。
Super-specific feedback aimed at one speaker or one speech still has a place in the evaluation process, but it should come later in the written evaluation and/or a one-on-one conversation.
针对一个演讲者或一个演讲的特别反馈在评估过程中仍然有一席之地，但应该在书面评估和/或一对一对话中出现。
For example, imagine you are evaluating a non-native English speaker. During the in-club evaluation, you could say, “I noticed that you started speaking more quickly as the speech went on, and there were a couple of words that I didn’t quite catch. Take your time and articulate each word.” Other non-native (and native) English speakers can benefit from that advice.
例如，假设你正在评估一位非英语母语人士。在俱乐部内部评估时，你可以说，“我注意到随着演讲的进行，你说话的速度开始加快，有几个词我听不太清楚。”慢慢来，把每个词都说清楚。”其他非英语母语(或母语)的人可以从这个建议中受益。
After the meeting, in written feedback or in a one-on-one conversation, you can tell the speaker, “I noticed that you tend to say the word ‘essentially’ when I think you mean to say ‘especially.’” That feedback addresses an idiosyncrasy that likely wouldn’t help anyone else in the club. The speaker still needs to hear it, but the evaluation speech is not the right venue.
会议结束后，在书面反馈或一对一的交谈中，你可以告诉演讲者，“我注意到，当我认为你想说的是‘特别’时，你往往会说‘本质上’这个词。”’”这种反馈解决了一种可能对俱乐部其他任何人都没有帮助的特质。演讲者仍然需要听到它，但评估演讲不是合适的场合。
Do your homework and focus on specific objectives. Recognize the difference between universal and speaker-specific feedback. You’ll ensure the evaluations you give are effective and beneficial—not only to the speaker, but for everyone in your club.
做好功课，专注于具体的目标。认识到普适性反馈和特定反馈之间的区别。你要确保你所作的评估是有效且有益的，不仅对讲者，而且对俱乐部的每一个人都是如此。
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