For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
一项关于吃饭时间和体育活动的研究表明，对于那些能忍受饥饿的人来说，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃早餐更有益于健康。
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
运动员和科学家早就知道吃饭时间会影响成绩。然而，人们对吃饭时间和运动如何影响总体健康的了解却少得多。
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic rates and took samples of their blood and fat tissue.
为了找到答案，英国科学家进行了一项研究。他们首先发现了10名超重、不爱运动但身体健康的年轻男性，他们的生活方式，无论好坏，都代表了我们大多数人。他们测试了这些男性的体能和静息代谢率，并采集了他们的血液和脂肪组织样本。
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast. On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
然后，在两个早晨到科学家实验室的访问中，每个人以平均速度步行了一小时，理论上，这应该使他的身体主要依靠脂肪作为燃料。在开始锻炼之前，他们不吃早餐，这意味着他们在长时间通宵禁食后完全饿着肚子锻炼。另一种情况下，他们在步行前两小时吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.
在每次锻炼前后一小时，科学家们采集了这些人的血液和脂肪组织的额外样本。
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories, on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
然后他们比较了这些样本。有相当大的差异。最明显的是，不吃早餐的男性在开始锻炼时血糖水平比吃早餐时要低。结果，他们空腹走路时燃烧的脂肪比先吃东西时更多。另一方面，他们在早餐后锻炼中燃烧的卡路里平均值略高于禁食后。
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
但是，脂肪细胞深处的影响可能是最显著的，研究人员发现多个基因表现不同，这取决于一个人在走路前是否吃东西。这些基因中产生的蛋白质可以改善血糖调节和全身胰岛素水平，因此与改善代谢健康有关。这些基因在运动前禁食的男性比吃早餐的男性更活跃。
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.
这些结果表明，为了从运动中获得最大的健康益处，明智的做法可能是先不吃东西。
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