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可鑫说历史:圣诞贺卡

可鑫说历史:圣诞贺卡

作者: ad3b97758b76 | 来源:发表于2017-12-20 20:11 被阅读96次

    来看看世界上第一张圣诞贺卡长啥模样,听听可鑫讲圣诞贺卡的来历。

    尽管现在是互联网时代,但英国的圣诞贺卡传统却根深蒂固。英国贺卡联合会有此一说:世界上没有一个国家的人像英国人那样迷恋送贺卡和在家中摆置亲友送的贺卡。送贺卡和收贺卡是英国文化的一个重要组成部分。

    英国贺卡联合会的这一说法不无道理。圣诞贺卡是大部分英国人的圣诞必需品。各色圣诞贺卡成了许多英国家庭的一道景观,与缤纷的圣诞装饰相映成趣。每年都有人预测圣诞贺卡将日渐衰微,但每年的市场调查却发现贺卡销售量有增无减。英国邮政估算他们2014年圣诞处理的贺卡约有7亿;而市场调查显示那年9亿贺卡被售出。

    英国人对圣诞贺卡的深情源于英国人重视亲情友情的传统。现在由可鑫来告诉我们贺卡的起源:

    圣诞贺卡来自英国文化园00:0003:11

    Christmas Cards

    The custom of sending Christmas cards started intheUKin 1843 by Sir Henry Cole. Sir Henry Cole had many friends. During the Christmas season of 1843, those friendswere causing Cole muchanxiety.

    The problem was their letters. An old custom in England, the Christmas and New Year’s letter had received a newimpetuswith the recentexpansionof the British postal system and theintroductionof the “Penny Post”, allowing people to send a letter anywhere in the country by affixing a penny stamp to it. Now, everybody was sending letters.

    As he looked at the stacks of unansweredcorrespondence,he fretted over what to do. In Victorian England, it was considered impolite not to answer mails.

    Cole asked an artist friend, J.C. Horsley toillustratean idea that Cole hadsketchedout in his mind. Then Cole had a thousand copies made by a London printer. The image was printed on a piece of stiff cardboard. At the top of each was the salutation, “TO:_____”, allowing Cole to personalize his responses. The card included a picture and the generic greeting“A Merry Christmas and A Happy New Year To You.”

    These were the first Christmas cards.

    As printing methods improved, Christmas cards became much more popular and were produced in large numbers from about 1860. In 1870 the cost of sending a post card, and also Christmas cards, dropped to half a penny. This meant even more people were able to send cards.

    Anxiety:焦虑,不安

    Impetus: 促进,刺激

    Expansion:扩张

    Introduction:引进,推行

    Correspondence:信件,信函

    Illustrate:画图

    Sketch:勾勒草图

    世界上的第一批圣诞贺卡是由亨利·高尔爵士设计,约翰‧卡尔葛荷斯利绘制,于1843年在伦敦发行的。

    高尔爵士有许多朋友。1843年圣诞,这些朋友让高尔十分烦恼。那几年英国的邮政系统不断扩张,而且寄一封信只需一便士邮票。这就使英国的写圣诞信件传统得以复兴。那年,高尔的朋友纷纷给他寄圣诞信件。

    在维多利亚时期的英国,不回复信件被认为是十分无礼的。然而,面对堆积如山的圣诞信件,高尔不知道如何是好!

    后来高尔心生一计。他向他的画家朋友约翰‧卡尔葛荷斯利描述了自己脑海中的画像,然后请他将其画出来。这幅画的上方印有“致:____”(可填上各收件人姓名),画的下方是一句问候:“祝您圣诞和新年快乐!”他们把这个设计印在小卡片上,就成了圣诞卡。他们请印刷厂以这个原型印了一千份圣诞卡。

    世上第一批圣诞贺卡就这样产生了。

    随着印刷技术不断改良,圣诞贺卡越来越流行了。从1860年起,圣诞贺卡被大量印发。1870年,在英国寄明信片和贺卡的邮费降到半个便士,于是更多人寄圣诞贺卡了。

    (这就是世界上出现的第一张圣诞贺卡。图画是三幅组图:中间是一富裕的大家庭举杯欢庆圣诞,左右两边的组图是帮助穷人 - 送衣送食。含义为:在欢庆之余不忘布施。圣诞节天下同乐。)

    ******************

    两个娃娃对写贺卡充满热情,而且她们写贺卡与一般人不一样。她们必定在每张贺卡上作画,且每张贺卡的画作都不同。小可燊来给大家介绍一下她的贺卡。

    两个娃娃除了送市面上买来的贺卡给亲友,还会自己制作贺卡。下面的照片中左边的贺卡出自可燊之手,右边的是可鑫的作品。两张贺卡均由她们自己设计和绘制。

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