本文基于深度学习基础平台环境，搭建深度学习基础平台请参考深度学习：Ubuntu16.04+双TitanX+CUDA8.0+CUDNN5.1。

安装Caffe

• 下载caffe安装包
  https://github.com/BVLC/caffe
• 安装库及各种依赖

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential cmake git pkg-config
sudo apt-get install -y libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libhdf5-serial-dev protobuf-compiler
sudo apt-get install -y libatlas-base-dev libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev
sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev
# (Python general)
sudo apt-get install -y python-pip
# (Python 2.7 development files)
sudo apt-get install -y python-dev
sudo apt-get install -y python-numpy python-scipy

• 在caffe-master/python文件夹内，使用root执行依赖项的检查与安装：

sudo su
cd caffe-master/python
for req in $(cat requirements.txt); do pip install $req; done

• hdf5库

cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
sudo ln -s libhdf5_serial.so.10.1.0 libhdf5.so
sudo ln -s libhdf5_serial_hl.so.10.0.2 libhdf5_hl.so

• 修改Makfile.config

USE_CUDNN := 1 (可选)
USE_OPENCV := 1 （可选）
OPENCV_VERSION := 3 （如果打开了USE_OPENCV，而且opencv版本为3时）
PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial /usr/local/share/OpenCV/3rdparty/lib

• 修改Makfile

将下面这一行:
NVCCFLAGS += -ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler -fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)
替换为：
NVCCFLAGS += -D_FORCE_INLINES -ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler -fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)

当使用opencv3 出现错误 imread,imencode,imdecode 或者 VideoCapture 时，编辑Makefile :

 LIBRARIES += glog gflags protobuf leveldb snappy \
  lmdb boost_system boost_filesystem hdf5_hl hdf5 m \
  opencv_core opencv_highgui opencv_imgproc opencv_imgcodecs opencv_videoio

• 编译

make all -j6  -数字6为并行编译进程数目，一般设置为CPU物理核心数，可以使用 $(nproc) 来替换或echo $(nproc) 来查看CPU物理核心数
make test -j6
make runtest -j6
make pycaffe  -此时应该已经编译完成，再次执行以确认

如果出现

nvcc warning : The 'compute_20', 'sm_20', and 'sm_21' architectures are deprecated, and may be removed in a future release (Use -Wno-deprecated-gpu-targets to suppress warning).

则删除Makefile.config中的：

-gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_20 \
-gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_21 \

参考
https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/wiki/GeForce-GTX-1080,---CUDA-8.0,---Ubuntu-16.04,---Caffe
https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/wiki/Ubuntu-16.04-or-15.10-Installation-Guide
https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/wiki/OpenCV-3.1-Installation-Guide-on-Ubuntu-16.04
http://gwang-cv.github.io/2016/10/21/Ubuntu16.04+Titan%20X+CUDA8.0+cudnn5/