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美国政府关门进入第30天,僵局会如何解决?BBC支招

美国政府关门进入第30天,僵局会如何解决?BBC支招

作者: da2c255c6dc6 | 来源:发表于2019-01-23 09:16 被阅读4次

    联邦政府部分关门20日进入第30天,僵局会如何解决?英国广播公司(BBC)提出六种可能情况,并估计每种情况发生的机率。

    1. Things get so bad that Trump caves

    Airport security staff, who have been working without pay since December, have begun leaving their jobs, according to officials. Terminals in some major airports have begun experiencing delays or are closing as a result.

    Food safety has also come into question as agencies struggle to operate. And on Tuesday the White House said it had doubled its estimate of the economic strain caused by the shutdown.

    Mr Trump's public opinion is also suffering, according to new polling

    Anthony: There's always the possibility that the president could just throw in the towel. He did it when the heat became intolerable on his family-separation policy last year. He could do it again, if it becomes increasingly unlikely that Democrats are going to make concessions and the extended shutdown starts eating into the robust US economic growth that he frequently touts.

    The big question would be whether his base would go along with this. Would they view a three-week shutdown as enough of an effort to fulfil this campaign promise?

    Mr Trump would certainly take heat from conservative commentators such as Rush Limbaugh and Ann Coulter, but at some point the price of the shutdown might exceed the pain of backing down.

    Chances: 20%

    ●川普让步

    去年美国总统川普拆散偷渡移民家庭,将成人与幼童分开拘禁,舆论譁然,最后川普不敌压力,停止拆散这些家庭。同样地,如果让政府停摆的代价太大,例如妨碍美国经济成长,或连基本盘都感到不耐,川普可能会再度让步。

    机率:20%

    2. Trump strikes a deal with Congress

    Mr Trump has been meeting congressional leaders but last week's attempts to resolve the shutdown ended with him walking out when Democrats refused to budge.

    But as it drags on, pressure is mounting on Capitol Hill.

    Anthony: It's a testament to the determination of both sides in the shutdown confrontation that, for the most part, partisan ranks appear to be holding firm. A handful of Republicans in the House of Representatives have voted to reopen the government without wall funding, while the Republican leadership of the Senate has successfully squelched calls for a vote of any kind.

    Meanwhile, Democrats have been steadfast - at least publicly - in their resistance to any kind of wall funding.

    That deadlock may not hold for much longer, however. As the pain from the shutdown spills out beyond just the 800,000 federal employees affected into the public at large, the pressure to reach any kind of a deal is growing.

    In the end the most probable deal would involve some new, vaguely worded border security funding that doesn't explicitly give the president money for his much-promised wall. 

    Both sides could declare victory, and both sides would be right (and wrong).

    Chances: 40% and creeping up

    ●川普与国会达成协议

    美国大众已经逐渐感受到政府关门的痛苦,所以川普与国会达成协议的压力愈来愈大,双方的最终共识很可能是:拨款加强边界安全,并使用含意模糊的字眼,而不会写明“筑墙经费”,好让川普和民主党都能宣称胜利。

    机率:40%,而且逐渐增加

    3. The Lindsey Graham solution

    Appearing on Fox News Sunday, Republican Senator Lindsey Graham suggested the president reopen the government for three weeks of negotiations. If talks are still stalled by the end, he could declare a national emergency.

    The following day, President Trump appeared to reject that plan. But Mr Graham was undeterred, joining forces with other senators from both parties to draft a letter - obtained by Axios - requesting a short-term spending bill.

    According toa leaked draft of the letter, the senators are requesting Mr Trump pause the shutdown "to give Congress time to develop and vote on a bipartisan agreement". It does not mention a border wall or national emergency.

    Anthony:Graham is drafting a letter to the president that suggests a full debate on border security in exchange for a 30-day reopening of the government. It's an offer the president has rejected in the past - but it at least buys both sides some time (and gets federal employees their past-due paycheques).

    Chances: 10%

    ●政府短期重开让国会协商

    共和党籍联邦参议员葛理汉(Lindsey Graham)曾提议,让政府重开三周,好让国会有充分时间协商,如果三周后协商无果,川普再宣布紧急状态,不过,川普隔天就拒绝提议。这个方案的好处是,让两党有更多时间协商,也能让联邦政府员工领到薪水。

    机率:10%

    4. Trump declares a national emergency

    If Mr Trump does invoke his presidential powers, he could bypass Congress and obtain the means for his wall through military resources.

    Emergencies are usually declared in times of crisis, when the White House needs funds quickly and cannot wait for Congress to approve it.

    Critics would consider this a flagrant misuse of power and both political and legal battles would ensue.

    But the 1976 National Emergencies Act, which doled out unilateral authority in emergencies to presidents, as well as a court history of deferring to the president's national security decisions, could be in his favour. 

    Image captionTrump holds up a photo of a 'typical standard wall design' as he speaks during a roundtable discussion on border security

    Anthony Zurcher: For a while, it seemed like this would be a clever way for Mr Trump to extricate himself from the shutdown crisis. He could make the announcement to redirect existing funds to the border, sign legislation reopening the government and declare victory. Yes, the action would get bogged down in the courts, but a protracted legal fight might be a useful campaign issue in 2020. 

    But some Republicans have balked at the prospect of a Democratic president using emergency declarations to enact gun control, nationalised healthcare or stringent environmental regulation. 

    At some point Mr Trump might get so frustrated he ignores the concerns of his fellow Republicans, of course. It wouldn't be the first time.

    Chances: 20% and dropping

    ●川普宣布美国进入紧急状态

    川普宣布紧急状态后,就能绕过国会,把原本用于其他用途的既有经费改用在筑墙上,再让政府重开并宣布获胜。不过舆论势必批评川普滥权,他将面临政治与法律战。

    机率:20%,而且逐渐降低

    5. The Democrats cave

    Little sign of a capitulation happening, with the leadership steadfast in their refusal to bow to President Trump's demands for a wall.

    Seven House Democrats accepted the president's invitation to the White House for talks on Wednesday, but their statement afterwards gave no hint of compromise.

    Anthony: The parody website The Onion recently ran an article about how even Democratic Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer was surprised he hadn't caved yet to Republican demands. It's meant as a joke, but there's some truth to it. In the past Democrats have been more keen to seek middle ground and compromise, even when their base thought they conceding too much. 

    This time around, however, the Democrats have shown hardly a crack in their resistance. Mr Schumer and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi have stood almost literally arm-in-arm in their opposition to Mr Trump's demands. The rank and file have largely been quiet, even though the pain being felt by government employees - whose unions are big Democratic supporters - has been acute.

    Instead, Ms Pelosi has been playing hardball, even suggesting the president should delay his high-profile State of the Union Address scheduled for later this month. Democrats are buoyed by a number of polls showing that not only is a majority of the public opposed to Mr Trump's proposal for an expanded border wall, they blame the president for the shutdown as well.

    For the moment, the Democrats have the high ground in this confrontation - and they are acting like it.

    Chances: 9%

    ●民主党让步

    不太可能发生,因为民主党籍参院少数党领袖舒默和众院议长波洛西态度都很强硬,而且民调显示,多数民众不但反对筑墙,还认为政府关门是川普的错。

    机率:9%

    6. Shutdown continues

    No, it's not an ending, as such. It's the opposite of an ending, but it's a way forward - it's possible the shutdown may just carry on.

    Some 800,000 federal workers missed their first paycheque this month. Many have been furloughed - temporarily laid off - but those deemed essential have been working since 22 December without pay.

    Close to 50,000 workers have now been called back by the administration to work unpaid on key tasks like tax refunds and food safety.

    Over the last 26 days, federal employees have shared their fears of affording rent, making credit card payments and putting food on the table. Hundreds have turned to fundraising or side-jobs to make ends meet.

    Thousands of contract workers - who are not entitled to any back pay from Congress - and small businesses working closely with federal agencies have also been suffering.

    Anthony Zurcher: The president has ordered tens of thousands of federal employees back to work - without pay. It's an acknowledgment that the consequences of the government shutdown are worsening and a way of alleviating some of the pain. Many Americans are anxious to get their federal tax returns, and the Internal Revenue Service is getting the manpower to handle the paperwork.

    That may buy the president some time and allow the shutdown to drag on. But federal employees can't work for free forever. Some are suing the government to end this practice. Others are threatening to call in sick or quit en masse.

    The shutdown may stretch on, but it can't continue forever.

    Chances: 1%

    ●政府继续关门

    川普命令数万联邦政府员工回来无薪上班,等于承认政府关门的后果日益严重,希望减轻人民的不便。不过无薪上班不可能持续。

    机率:1%

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