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SpringMVC干货系列:从零搭建SpringMVC+myba

SpringMVC干货系列:从零搭建SpringMVC+myba

作者: 嘟爷MD | 来源:发表于2017-04-26 20:33 被阅读1692次

    前言

    今天手把手来教大家如何搭建基于Maven的SpringMVC WEB项目。

    正文

    开发环境介绍

    IDE: MyEclipse 2014
    jdk: 1.7
    maven:apache-maven-3.1.1

    好了,基本环境只要上面这些就行,maven不需要安装,只要有解压包就行。MyEclipse 2014有自带的插件,我们只要指定下路径就行。

    MyEclipse 2014中Maven的配置

    打开myeclipse中的 Window=>Preferences=>Myeclipse=>Maven4Myeclipse
    配置jdk,这里我们选择1.7


    配置好maven路径,也就是你之前存放maven解压包的路径


    指定User Settings,对应settings.xml以及本地仓库地址,我这边是建在盘,路径为E:\m2\repository

    创建WEB项目

    新建一个web项目


    配置项目基本信息,项目名,java EE,java版本,其中记得要勾上Add maven support,这样才会生成带有maven的工程。



    创建成功后出正确的项目结构应该是这样


    配置需要的安装包

    下面列出目前需要用到包,直接在pom.xl里面添加就行

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <groupId>SpringMVCMybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>SpringMVCMybatis</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <packaging>war</packaging>
      <name>SpringMVCMybatis</name>
      <description/>
      <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
              <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
              <cxf.version>2.7.15</cxf.version>
            <slf4j-version>1.7.12</slf4j-version>
            <log4j-version>1.2.17</log4j-version>
            <mybatis-version>3.3.0</mybatis-version>
            <mybatis-spring-version>1.2.3</mybatis-spring-version>
      </properties>
      <dependencies>
          <!-- 日志配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j-version}</version>
        </dependency>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
           <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
           <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
           <version>3.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
           <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
           <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
           <version>1.2.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 数据源配置 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.5.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--数据库相关, mysql, mybatis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.37</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis-spring-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-generator-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- spring用到的包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.1.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
            
        <dependency>
          <groupId>javax</groupId>
          <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
          <version>7.0</version>
          <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
          <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</artifactId>
          <version>1.2.2</version>
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
      <build>
        <plugins>
          <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.2</version>
            <configuration>
              <source>1.7</source>
              <target>1.7</target>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>
          <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
            <configuration>
              <version>3.1</version>
              <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>
        </plugins>
      </build>
    </project>
    

    配置SpringMVC需要的配置文件

    xml配置,注意里面配置springMvc需要用到的DispatcherServlet,指向的地址是classpath:spring/applicationContext.xml,当然此时还没创建这个applicationCVontext.xml,下一个步骤来创建。

    <web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
        http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
    
        <display-name>springmvctouchbaidu</display-name>
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>springmvctouchbaidu</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:spring/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        </servlet>
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>springmvctouchbaidu</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
        <filter>
            <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
            <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>encoding</param-name>
                <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
            </init-param>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
                <param-value>true</param-value>
            </init-param>
        </filter>
        <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
            <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
        </filter-mapping>
        <session-config>
            <session-timeout>60</session-timeout>
        </session-config>
    </web-app>
    

    在src/main/resources下面创建个spring目录用来存放applicationContext.xml
    后期会用的的配置很多,所以我一般会根据不同用途创建不同别名的spring配置文件,然后用applicationContext.xml统一起来。
    这里我创建了 applicationContext.xml以及applicationContext-mvc.xml
    applicationContext.xml配置:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
         <import resource="classpath:spring/applicationContext-mvc.xml" />
    </beans>
    

    applicationContext-mvc.xml配置:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"
           default-lazy-init="true">
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.tengj.demo"/>
        <mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/pages/" mapping="/pages/**"/>
        <!-- 视图解析器 -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
        </bean>
        <!-- 默认的注解映射的支持 -->
        <mvc:annotation-driven>
            <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
                <bean class="com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter">
                    <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
                        <list>
                            <value>text/plain;charset=utf-8</value>
                            <value>application/json;charset=utf-8</value>
                            <value>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</value>
                        </list>
                    </property>
                </bean>
            </mvc:message-converters>
        </mvc:annotation-driven>    
    </beans>
    

    其中一些重要的配置下篇文章详细的说明

    context:component-scan 用来扫描指定的路径下的包,来加载组件用的
    mvc:resources 指定静态资源路径

    实现一个简单的springMVC请求

    配置文件配置好了,我们就来测试一下,写一个controller来实现前后台交互
    在src/main/java下面创建如下格式的文件夹。这是我习惯的写法。
    common用来存放公共的类
    controller控制层
    service层用来处理业务逻辑
    dao层用来处理数据库操作
    dto层用来存放mybatis根据表自动生成的实体对象
    具体结构如下图:


    在controller包下面创建一个类SendToBaiduController

    package com.tengj.demo.controller;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
    
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping(value="/sendBaidu")
    public class SendToBaiduController {
        @RequestMapping(value="/view",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public String index(){
            System.out.println("进来了");
            return "index";
        }
        
    }
    

    index.jsp代码:

    <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
    %>
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    <html>
      <head>
        <base href="<%=basePath%>">
        <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
        <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
        <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
        <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
        <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
        <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
      </head>
      <body>
            跳转进来,表示springMVC流程成功!
      </body>
    </html>
    
    

    部署到tomcat启动服务看看 输入地址是否控制台会打印“进来了”这3字,并跳转到index界面
    http://localhost:8080/springmvctouchbaidu/sendBaidu/view
    大家看,如图表示springMVC整体流程成功了


    总结

    到此,基于Maven的SpringMVC WEB项目搭建算是成功了,后续会基于这个基础添加其他的功能,比如整合数据库框架mybatis,多数据源处理,定时任务等等。下篇文章将整体上介绍springMVC的配置文件以及注解标签的使用。


    一直觉得自己写的不是技术,而是情怀,一篇篇文章是自己这一路走来的痕迹。靠专业技能的成功是最具可复制性的,希望我的这条路能让你少走弯路,希望我能帮你抹去知识的蒙尘,希望我能帮你理清知识的脉络,希望未来技术之巅上有你也有我。

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