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异步性能不如同步？通过压测讨论应该如何设置线程数

异步性能不如同步？通过压测讨论应该如何设置线程数

作者: 欧子有话说_ | 来源:发表于2022-09-13 09:39 被阅读0次

1 代码实例

1.1 A服务

声明A服务提供五个方法：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs java" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public class BizParamDTO {
private String field;
}

public interface AService {

public String a1(BizParamDTO param) throws Exception;

public String a2(BizParamDTO param) throws Exception;

public String a3(BizParamDTO param) throws Exception;

public String a4(BizParamDTO param) throws Exception;

public String a5(BizParamDTO param) throws Exception;

}
复制代码</pre>

a1-a4休眠100毫秒，a5休眠600毫秒：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs java" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">@Service
public class AServiceImpl implements AService {

@Override
public String a1(BizParamDTO param) throws Exception {
    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",a1 param=" + param);
    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100);
    return param.getField();
}

@Override
public String a2(BizParamDTO param) throws Exception {
    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",a2 param=" + param);
    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100);
    return param.getField();
}

@Override
public String a3(BizParamDTO param) throws Exception {
    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",a3 param=" + param);
    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100);
    return param.getField();
}

@Override
public String a4(BizParamDTO param) throws Exception {
    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",a4 param=" + param);
    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100);
    return param.getField();
}

@Override
public String a5(BizParamDTO param) throws Exception {
    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",a5 param=" + param);
    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(600);
    return param.getField();
}

}
复制代码</pre>

1.2 B服务

B服务同步调用A服务五个方法：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs java" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public interface BService {
public void b(BizParamDTO param) throws Exception;
}

@Service
public class BServiceImpl implements BService {
@Resource
private AService aservice;

@Override
public void b(BizParamDTO param) throws Exception {
    StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
    stopWatch.start("taskB");
    String r1 = aservice.a1(param);
    String r2 = aservice.a2(param);
    String r3 = aservice.a3(param);
    String r4 = aservice.a4(param);
    String r5 = aservice.a5(param);
    List<String> result = Arrays.asList(r1, r2, r3, r4, r5);
    stopWatch.stop();
    System.out.println("b1-costTime=" + stopWatch.getTotalTimeMillis() + "ms");
}

}
复制代码</pre>

1.3 C服务

C服务通过异步调用A服务：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs dart" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public interface CService {
public void c(BizParamDTO param) throws Exception;
}

@Service
public class CServiceImpl implements CService {
private final static Integer TYPE = TypeEnum.CPU.getCode();

@Resource
private AService aservice;

@Override
public void c(BizParamDTO param) throws Exception {
    StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
    stopWatch.start("taskC");
    Future<String> f1 = MyThreadFactory.get(TYPE).submit(new Callable<String>() {
        @Override
        public String call() throws Exception {
            StopWatch s = new StopWatch();
            s.start();
            String result = aservice.a1(param);
            s.stop();
            System.out.println("a1-costTime=" + s.getTotalTimeMillis() + "ms");
            return result;
        }
    });
    Future<String> f2 = MyThreadFactory.get(TYPE).submit(new Callable<String>() {
        @Override
        public String call() throws Exception {
            StopWatch s = new StopWatch();
            s.start();
            String result = aservice.a2(param);
            s.stop();
            System.out.println("a2-costTime=" + s.getTotalTimeMillis() + "ms");
            return result;
        }
    });
    Future<String> f3 = MyThreadFactory.get(TYPE).submit(new Callable<String>() {
        @Override
        public String call() throws Exception {
            StopWatch s = new StopWatch();
            s.start();
            String result = aservice.a3(param);
            s.stop();
            System.out.println("a3-costTime=" + s.getTotalTimeMillis() + "ms");
            return result;
        }
    });
    Future<String> f4 = MyThreadFactory.get(TYPE).submit(new Callable<String>() {
        @Override
        public String call() throws Exception {
            StopWatch s = new StopWatch();
            s.start();
            String result = aservice.a4(param);
            s.stop();
            System.out.println("a4-costTime=" + s.getTotalTimeMillis() + "ms");
            return result;
        }
    });
    Future<String> f5 = MyThreadFactory.get(TYPE).submit(new Callable<String>() {
        @Override
        public String call() throws Exception {
            StopWatch s = new StopWatch();
            s.start();
            String result = aservice.a5(param);
            s.stop();
            System.out.println("a5-costTime=" + s.getTotalTimeMillis() + "ms");
            return result;
        }
    });

    // 等待结果
    StopWatch watch = new StopWatch("waitWatch");
    watch.start("f1.get()");
    String r1 = f1.get();
    watch.stop();

    watch.start("f2.get()");
    String r2 = f2.get();
    watch.stop();

    watch.start("f3.get()");
    String r3 = f3.get();
    watch.stop();

    watch.start("f4.get()");
    String r4 = f4.get();
    watch.stop();

    watch.start("f5.get()");
    String r5 = f5.get();
    watch.stop();

    // 输出结果
    List<String> result = Arrays.asList(r1, r2, r3, r4, r5);
    stopWatch.stop();
    System.out.println("c1-costTime=" + stopWatch.getTotalTimeMillis() + "ms,costTimeDetail=" + watch.prettyPrint());
}

}
复制代码</pre>

1.4 线程池

我们把线程池划分为两种类型：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs thrift" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public enum TypeEnum {

IO(1, "IO密集"),

CPU(2, "CPU密集")

}
复制代码</pre>

CPU密集型线程数：CPU数量+1

IO密集型线程数：CPU数量除以(1-阻塞系数0.9)

<pre class="prettyprint hljs gradle" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public class MyThreadFactory {

/** 线程执行器 **/
private static volatile ThreadPoolExecutor executor;

/** 队列存放任务数 **/
private static int QUEUE_MAX_SIZE = 1000;

/** 线程存活时间 **/
private static long KEEP_ALIVE_TIME = 1000;

public static ThreadPoolExecutor get(int type) {
    if (executor == null) {
        synchronized (ThreadFactory.class) {
            if (executor == null) {
                int cpuNum = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
                int coreSize = cpuNum;
                if (type == TypeEnum.CPU.getCode()) {
                    coreSize = cpuNum + 1;
                } else if (type == TypeEnum.IO.getCode()) {
                    coreSize = cpuNum * 10;
                }
                int maxSize = coreSize;
                BlockingQueue<Runnable> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(QUEUE_MAX_SIZE);
                executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(coreSize, maxSize, KEEP_ALIVE_TIME, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, queue);
            }
        }
    }
    return executor;
}

/**
 * 本机8核16处理器
 */
public static void main(String[] args) {
    int cpuNum = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(); // 16
    System.out.println("cpuNum=" + cpuNum);
}

}
复制代码</pre>

1.5 访问端点

<pre class="prettyprint hljs less" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class BizController {

@Resource
private BService bservice;
@Resource
private CService cservice;

@PostMapping("/biz1")
public boolean biz1(@RequestBody BizParamDTO param) throws Exception {
    bservice.b(param);
    return true;
}

@PostMapping("/biz2")
public boolean biz2(@RequestBody BizParamDTO param) throws Exception {
    cservice.c(param);
    return true;
}

}
复制代码</pre>

2 单次执行

2.1 同步执行

postman访问端点biz1，此时选择CPU密集型线程池：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs less" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">http://localhost:8080/javafront/test/biz1
{
"field": "a"
}
复制代码</pre>

耗时日志如下：

<pre class="hljs" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">b1-costTime=1036ms
复制代码</pre>

耗时计算公式：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">100ms(a1) + 100ms(a2) + 100ms(a3) + 100ms(a4) + 500ms(a5) = 1000ms
复制代码</pre>

2.2 异步执行

postman访问端点biz2：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs less" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">http://localhost:8080/javafront/test/biz2
{
"field": "a"
}
复制代码</pre>

耗时日志如下：

<pre class="prettyprint hljs matlab" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">a2-costTime=104ms
a4-costTime=104ms
a1-costTime=104ms
a3-costTime=104ms
a5-costTime=602ms
c1-costTime=604ms,costTimeDetail=StopWatch 'waitWatch': running time = 604224000 ns

ns % Task name

105678000 017% f1.get()
000001800 000% f2.get()
000048100 000% f3.get()
000000400 000% f4.get()
498495700 083% f5.get()
复制代码</pre>

本次耗时日志稍显复杂，可以把日志分为执行部分和等待部分：

  • 执行部分
    • a1-a4分别执行耗时104ms
    • a5执行耗时602ms

<pre class="prettyprint hljs" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">a2-costTime=104ms
a4-costTime=104ms
a1-costTime=104ms
a3-costTime=104ms
a5-costTime=602ms
复制代码</pre>

  • 等待部分
    • c1总共耗时604ms
    • f1等待时间105ms
    • f2-f4等待时间为纳秒级
    • f5等待时间498ms

<pre class="prettyprint hljs matlab" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">c1-costTime=604ms,costTimeDetail=StopWatch 'waitWatch': running time = 604224000 ns

ns % Task name

105678000 017% f1.get()
000001800 000% f2.get()
000048100 000% f3.get()
000000400 000% f4.get()
498495700 083% f5.get()
复制代码</pre>

2.3 本章总结

  • 同步执行耗时为每个节点耗时累加
  • 异步执行耗时为节点中耗时最长节点
  • 单次执行耗时异步优于同步

3 压力测试

3.1 压测思路

  • 使用工具JMeter
  • 线程组配置
    • 线程数10、20、30递增
    • Ramp-Up时间0秒
    • 持续时间60s
    • 循环次数永久
  • 关注聚合报告指标
    • 95Line
    • 吞吐量
    • 异常比例
  • 执行方式
    • 同步执行
    • 异步执行，线程池使用CPU密集型
    • 异步执行，线程池使用IO密集型

3.2 压测分析

3.2.1 压测结果

[图片上传失败...(image-d2bea0-1662948890565)]

  • 同步执行
    • 在不同线程数下耗时总体稳定，均为1000ms左右
  • 异步（IO密集型）
    • 在不同线程数下耗时总体稳定，均为600ms左右
  • 异步（CPU密集型）
    • 随着线程数增多，耗时越来越大，性能表现不如同步

3.2.2 耗时分析

现在分析异步在50线程时耗时日志，分析耗时主要发生执行部分，还是发生在等待部分。

(1) 异步（IO密集型）

<pre class="prettyprint hljs matlab" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">a5-costTime=601ms
a1-costTime=108ms
a4-costTime=108ms
a2-costTime=108ms
a3-costTime=108ms
c1-costTime=602ms,costTimeDetail=StopWatch 'waitWatch': running time = 602183001 ns

ns % Task name

105515000 018% f1.get()
000000200 000% f2.get()
000777201 000% f3.get()
000101800 000% f4.get()
495788800 082% f5.get()
复制代码</pre>

  • 执行部分
    • a1-a4分别执行耗时约为108ms
    • a5执行耗时601ms
  • 等待部分
    • f1等待时间约为150ms
    • f5等待时间约为495ms
  • 分析小结
    • 执行和等待均符合预期

(2) 异步（CPU密集型）

<pre class="prettyprint hljs matlab" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">a1-costTime=110ms
a2-costTime=109ms
a3-costTime=110ms
a5-costTime=613ms
a4-costTime=110ms
c1-costTime=3080ms,costTimeDetail=StopWatch 'waitWatch': running time = 3080277201 ns

ns % Task name

2528728000 082% f1.get()
016059001 001% f2.get()
031992801 001% f3.get()
000046199 000% f4.get()
503451200 016% f5.get()
复制代码</pre>

  • 执行部分

    • a1-a4分别执行耗时约为110ms
    • a5执行耗时613ms

  • 等待部分

    • f1等待时间约为2.5s
    • f5等待时间约为500ms
    • 其它任务等待时间也有所增加

  • 分析小结

    • 耗时主要在等待部分
    • 执行部分耗时符合预期

3.3 压测总结

  • 如果线程池选择不合适，异步执行性能不如同步
  • 如果任务耗时长，应该多配置线程

4 文章总结

本文第一编写了同步和异步代码，并在代码中输出了耗时日志。第二分析单次执行同步和异步的表现，异步优于同步。第三结合不同线程池配置进行压测，如果线程池选择不合适，异步执行性能不如同步，所以要配置合适线程数。

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