Android核心知识点笔记github:https://github.com/AndroidCot/Android
1、简介
它的实质并不是网络请求,而只是对Okhttp进行了封装,让使用Okhttp更简单;完成网络请求参数的收集工作,后续由okhttp来搞定;但不能因为其没有进行网络请求,而忽略它的魅力,主要有几个方面的魅力:
- 高内聚低耦合,库设计的艺术很高
- 配置不同HttpClient来实现网络请求
- 支持同步、异步操作
- 兼容性强,可以兼容使用Rxjava、不同json解析库
- 使用非常方便灵活
最常见依赖
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:x.x.x'
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:x.x.x'
implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:x.x.x'
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava:x.x.x'
如果不使用Rxjava,adapter-rxjava依赖可以去掉;如果不使用gson库,可以替换掉com.google.code.gson依赖
2、脉络
- 通过动态代理完成接口调用
- 变换操作均使用了抽象工厂模式、适配器/桥接模式
- CallAdapter 执行请求适配器,可以由开发者自己提供,但一般默认是OkHttpClient对象
- Converter主要是解决 json <---> object 之间的转换(http报文中的body内容处理)
- ParameterHandler 完成大部分注解转换
3、源码细节
3.1 初始化准备
准备细节基本都集中再Retrofit类中,采用构造者模式,由内部类Builder处理
3.1.1 回调线程池callbackExecutor
使用内部类Builder.callbackExecutor方法添加
public Builder callbackExecutor(Executor executor) {
this.callbackExecutor = Objects.requireNonNull(executor, "executor == null");
return this;
}
3.1.2 域名信息baseUrl
使用内部类Builder.baseUrl方法添加
public Builder baseUrl(URL baseUrl) {
Objects.requireNonNull(baseUrl, "baseUrl == null");
return baseUrl(HttpUrl.get(baseUrl.toString()));
}
3.1.3 http请求执行者callFactory
public Builder client(OkHttpClient client) {
return callFactory(Objects.requireNonNull(client, "client == null"));
}
public Builder callFactory(okhttp3.Call.Factory factory) {
this.callFactory = Objects.requireNonNull(factory, "factory == null");
return this;
}
3.1.4 http报文body处理者
添加自定义,处理json ---- object
public Builder addConverterFactory(Converter.Factory factory) {
converterFactories.add(Objects.requireNonNull(factory, "factory == null"));
return this;
}
添加库中默认处理者,处理Optional,stream, void, unit类型数据
converterFactories.add(new BuiltInConverters());
converterFactories.addAll(this.converterFactories);
converterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultConverterFactories());
Converter获取
分为请求和结果两种;converterFactories中每个工厂,根据注解,如果生产Converter类,则返回
public <T> Converter<T, RequestBody> requestBodyConverter(
Type type, Annotation[] parameterAnnotations, Annotation[] methodAnnotations) {
return nextRequestBodyConverter(null, type, parameterAnnotations, methodAnnotations);
}
public <T> Converter<T, RequestBody> nextRequestBodyConverter(
@Nullable Converter.Factory skipPast,
Type type,
Annotation[] parameterAnnotations,
Annotation[] methodAnnotations) {
Objects.requireNonNull(type, "type == null");
Objects.requireNonNull(parameterAnnotations, "parameterAnnotations == null");
Objects.requireNonNull(methodAnnotations, "methodAnnotations == null");
int start = converterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
for (int i = start, count = converterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
Converter.Factory factory = converterFactories.get(i);
Converter<?, RequestBody> converter =
factory.requestBodyConverter(type, parameterAnnotations, methodAnnotations, this);
if (converter != null) {
//noinspection unchecked
return (Converter<T, RequestBody>) converter;
}
}
。。。
}
public <T> Converter<ResponseBody, T> responseBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] annotations) {
return nextResponseBodyConverter(null, type, annotations);
}
public <T> Converter<ResponseBody, T> nextResponseBodyConverter(
@Nullable Converter.Factory skipPast, Type type, Annotation[] annotations) {
Objects.requireNonNull(type, "type == null");
Objects.requireNonNull(annotations, "annotations == null");
int start = converterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
for (int i = start, count = converterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
Converter<ResponseBody, ?> converter =
converterFactories.get(i).responseBodyConverter(type, annotations, this);
if (converter != null) {
//noinspection unchecked
return (Converter<ResponseBody, T>) converter;
}
}
。。。
}
3.1.5 回调线程适配
主要处理okhttp请求结果回调执行线程问题,同样可以添加自定义,也有默认处理
public Builder addCallAdapterFactory(CallAdapter.Factory factory) {
callAdapterFactories.add(Objects.requireNonNull(factory, "factory == null"));
return this;
}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
List<CallAdapter.Factory> callAdapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.callAdapterFactories);
callAdapterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactories(callbackExecutor));
默认有两个DefaultCallAdapterFactory, 如果android sdk >=24,还会有CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory;
CallAdapter获取
callAdapterFactories中每个工厂类,通过注解获取可以处理的适配器,如果不为空则找到;
public CallAdapter<?, ?> callAdapter(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
return nextCallAdapter(null, returnType, annotations);
}
public CallAdapter<?, ?> nextCallAdapter(
@Nullable CallAdapter.Factory skipPast, Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
Objects.requireNonNull(returnType, "returnType == null");
Objects.requireNonNull(annotations, "annotations == null");
int start = callAdapterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
for (int i = start, count = callAdapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
CallAdapter<?, ?> adapter = callAdapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);
if (adapter != null) {
return adapter;
}
}
。。。
}
3.2 执行过程
介绍下异步过程,通过过程在请求方法上存在区别,流程处理基本一致
3.2.1 动态代理
public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
validateServiceInterface(service);
return (T)
Proxy.newProxyInstance(
service.getClassLoader(),
new Class<?>[] {service},
new InvocationHandler() {
private final Platform platform = Platform.get();
private final Object[] emptyArgs = new Object[0];
@Override
public @Nullable Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
return method.invoke(this, args);
}
args = args != null ? args : emptyArgs;
return platform.isDefaultMethod(method)
? platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args)
: loadServiceMethod(method).invoke(args);
}
});
}
分两种情况
- 接口有默认实现,使用Lookup、MethodHandles的反射技术,来实现方法调用;这种反射技术需要知道调用类信息,方法、字段信息,才可以反射调用; 没有用过这种思路
- 通过ServiceMethod.invoke来构造返回方法结果,这个是Okhttp中可请求的参数结果
3.2.2 ServiceMethod 构造请求
其抽象实现类HttpServiceMethod, 具体实现类CallAdapted,SuspendForResponse,SuspendForBody;抽象方法为
protected abstract @Nullable ReturnT adapt(Call<ResponseT> call, Object[] args);
主要是再invoke方法中调用;其它方法实现了CallAdapter的获取,respondBody 的Converter的获取,也是通过Retrofit代理获取的
final @Nullable ReturnT invoke(Object[] args) {
Call<ResponseT> call = new OkHttpCall<>(requestFactory, args, callFactory, responseConverter);
return adapt(call, args);
}
serviceMethodCache用来缓存Method信息、方法注解信息、方法参数注解信息;parseAnnotations方法就是来解析注解信息的
ServiceMethod<?> loadServiceMethod(Method method) {
ServiceMethod<?> result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
if (result != null) return result;
synchronized (serviceMethodCache) {
result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
if (result == null) {
result = ServiceMethod.parseAnnotations(this, method);
serviceMethodCache.put(method, result);
}
}
return result;
}
3.2.3 注解解析过程
请求信息收集
RequestFactory的parseAnnotations方法进行收集;方法注解直接收集并解析;参数注解通过ParameterHandler子类+参数值来实现解析,create方法即为完成参数注解解析过程
callAdapter、Converter<ResponseBody, ResponseT>收集
HttpServiceMethod类中HttpServiceMethod方法来实现
3.2.4 开始异步请求
invoke方法执行开始请求,其内部由HttpServiceMethod 子类中通过adapt方法,这个方法进而调用callAdapter方法
final @Nullable ReturnT invoke(Object[] args) {
Call<ResponseT> call = new OkHttpCall<>(requestFactory, args, callFactory, responseConverter);
return adapt(call, args);
}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
callAdapter.adapt(call)
callAdapter其实是对OkhttpCall回调方法进行了包装;
- 不进行任何包装
- 包装为DefaultCallAdapterFactory.ExecutorCallbackCall,如果提供了线程池,则回调在线程池中执行
- 包装为CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory.ResponseCallback,异步执行
3.3 异步结果处理
主要在OkHttpCall中进行
public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) {
Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "callback == null");
okhttp3.Call call;
Throwable failure;
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already executed.");
executed = true;
call = rawCall;
failure = creationFailure;
if (call == null && failure == null) {
try {
call = rawCall = createRawCall();
} catch (Throwable t) {
throwIfFatal(t);
failure = creationFailure = t;
}
}
}
if (failure != null) {
callback.onFailure(this, failure);
return;
}
if (canceled) {
call.cancel();
}
call.enqueue(
new okhttp3.Callback() {
@Override
public void onResponse(okhttp3.Call call, okhttp3.Response rawResponse) {
Response<T> response;
try {
response = parseResponse(rawResponse);
} catch (Throwable e) {
throwIfFatal(e);
callFailure(e);
return;
}
try {
callback.onResponse(OkHttpCall.this, response);
} catch (Throwable t) {
throwIfFatal(t);
t.printStackTrace(); // TODO this is not great
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(okhttp3.Call call, IOException e) {
callFailure(e);
}
private void callFailure(Throwable e) {
try {
callback.onFailure(OkHttpCall.this, e);
} catch (Throwable t) {
throwIfFatal(t);
t.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
- 通过createRawCall方法,创建真正的请求对象okhttp3.Call
- 通过okhttp3.Call 的enquen,来进行异步请求
- 通过parseResponse方法对okhttp请求结果解析,并回调
- 若是code码 >= 300或者 <200,则请求失败
- 若是204、205,则无返回内容
- 使用responseConverter 进行内容转换
4、结语
总的来说,设计模式使用灵活精巧,反射、注解信手拈来;介绍时,却很http注解处理的很多细节都没有写进来,这些细节会在后面关于http报文内容,单独来写
- 使用了大量了的注解和反射,使用更方便
- 使用动态代理,十分解耦
- 使用了适配、桥接模式使注释处理、结果处理更轻松
技术变化都很快,但基础技术、理论知识永远都是那些;作者希望在余后的生活中,对常用技术点进行基础知识分享;如果你觉得文章写的不错,请给与关注和点赞;如果文章存在错误,也请多多指教!
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