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iOS照片与相册1——UIImagePickerControll

iOS照片与相册1——UIImagePickerControll

作者: Wang66 | 来源:发表于2016-07-06 16:00 被阅读1744次

    前言

    大多数APP都有访问相机和相册功能,所以有必要研究一下。这段时间准备集中精力研究研究iOS中访问相机和相册这块。大概会分三篇,分别会介绍UIImagePickerController,AssetsLibraryPhotoKit,包括其API解释,并尝试封装。


    API解释

    UIImagePickerController里封装了访问相机和相册的整个流程:打开相机拍照,然后编辑照片,确认是否选取;打开相册,选取图片,编辑图片等步骤。我们只需要在创建其实例对象后对暴露的属性进行一些设置,以满足我们的需求。
    对于其属性和方法的用途,我们可以进入UIImagePickerController.h观察,另外,下面两篇博文对其属性和方法的用途解释的比较全面,可以查看:
    《UIImagePickerController从拍照、图库、相册获取图片》
    《UIImagePickerController简单使用》


    封装

    为了使项目中访问相机和相册更简洁方便,我们可以基于UIImagePickerController进行封装。封装于一个功能类PhotoPickManager
    ** PhotoPickManager.h **

    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
    
    typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, PickerType)
    {
        PickerType_Camera = 0, // 拍照
        PickerType_Photo, // 照片
    };
    
    typedef void(^CallBackBlock)(NSDictionary *infoDict, BOOL isCancel);  // 回调
    
    
    
    @interface PhotoPickManager : NSObject
    
    
    + (instancetype)shareInstance; // 单例
    
    - (void)presentPicker:(PickerType)pickerType target:(UIViewController *)vc callBackBlock:(CallBackBlock)callBackBlock;
    
    
    @end
    

    ** PhotoPickManager.m **

    #import "PhotoPickManager.h"
    
    @interface PhotoPickManager ()<UIImagePickerControllerDelegate, UINavigationControllerDelegate>
    {
        UIImagePickerController     *_imgPickC;
        UIViewController            *_vc;
        CallBackBlock                _callBackBlock;
    }
    @end
    
    
    
    
    @implementation PhotoPickManager
    
    
    + (instancetype)shareInstance
    {
        static dispatch_once_t once;
        static PhotoPickManager *pickManager;
        dispatch_once(&once, ^{
            pickManager = [[PhotoPickManager alloc] init];
        });
        
        return pickManager;
    }
    
    
    - (instancetype)init
    {
        if([super init]){
            if(!_imgPickC){
                _imgPickC = [[UIImagePickerController alloc] init];  // 初始化 _imgPickC
            }
        }
        
        return self;
    }
    
    
    
    - (void)presentPicker:(PickerType)pickerType target:(UIViewController *)vc callBackBlock:(CallBackBlock)callBackBlock
    {
        _vc = vc;
        _callBackBlock = callBackBlock;
        if(pickerType == PickerType_Camera){
            // 拍照
            if([UIImagePickerController isSourceTypeAvailable:UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera]){
                _imgPickC.delegate = self;
                _imgPickC.sourceType = UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera;
                _imgPickC.allowsEditing = YES;
                _imgPickC.showsCameraControls = YES;
                UIView *view = [[UIView  alloc] init];
                view.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];
                _imgPickC.cameraOverlayView = view;
                [_vc presentViewController:_imgPickC animated:YES completion:nil];
            }else{
                UIAlertView *alertV = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"" message:@"相机不可用" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"取消" otherButtonTitles:nil];
                [alertV show];
            }
        }
        
        else if(pickerType == PickerType_Photo){
            // 相册
            if([UIImagePickerController isSourceTypeAvailable:UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeSavedPhotosAlbum]){
                _imgPickC.delegate = self;
                _imgPickC.sourceType = UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeSavedPhotosAlbum;
                _imgPickC.allowsEditing = YES;
                [_vc presentViewController:_imgPickC animated:YES completion:nil];
            }else{
                UIAlertView *alertV = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"" message:@"相册不可用" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"取消" otherButtonTitles:nil];
                [alertV show];
            }
    
        }
    }
    
    
    
    
    #pragma mark ---- UIImagePickerControllerDelegate
    
    - (void)imagePickerController:(UIImagePickerController *)picker didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)info
    {
        [_vc dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:^{
            _callBackBlock(info, NO); // block回调
        }];
    }
    
    
    - (void)imagePickerControllerDidCancel:(UIImagePickerController *)picker
    {
        [_vc dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:^{
            _callBackBlock(nil, YES); // block回调
        }];
    }
    
    
    //- (void)dealloc
    //{
    //  _imgPickC.delegate = nil;
    //}
    
    @end
    

    调用部分代码:
    ** HomeViewController.m **

    #import "HomeViewController.h"
    #import "PhotoPickManager.h"
    
    @interface HomeViewController ()<UIActionSheetDelegate>
    
    @end
    
    @implementation HomeViewController
    
    - (void)viewDidLoad {
        [super viewDidLoad];
    
        self.title = @"选取照片";
    }
    
    - (IBAction)pickBtnClick:(id)sender {
        UIActionSheet *actionSheet = [[UIActionSheet alloc] initWithTitle:@"" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"取消" destructiveButtonTitle:nil otherButtonTitles:@"拍照", @"相册", nil];
        [actionSheet showInView:self.view];
    }
    
    - (void)actionSheet:(UIActionSheet *)actionSheet clickedButtonAtIndex:(NSInteger)buttonIndex
    {
        PhotoPickManager *pickManager = [PhotoPickManager shareInstance];
        [pickManager presentPicker:buttonIndex
                            target:self
                     callBackBlock:^(NSDictionary *infoDict, BOOL isCancel) {
            _imgView.image = [infoDict valueForKey:UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage];
            
        }];
    } 
    
    @end
    

    运行后最终效果:

    PhotoPicker.gif

    一个Bug的排除过程

    一开始写的时候,并没有把PhotoPickManager写成创建单例对象,程序运行崩溃,是野指针错误,即某对象已经释放,但你却对其进行了操作。内存崩溃错误比较难追踪,XCode的调试日志里也没什么信息,所以我在网上百度到了通过僵尸模式定位bug的东西,即:NSZombieEnabled。同时摁command+option+R,会弹出窗口选择Arguments,然后在Environment Variables一栏中添加NSZombieEnabled为YES的属性。

    NSZombieEnabled.png

    当设置NSZombieEnabled环境变量后,一个对象销毁时会被转化为_NSZombie,设置NSZombieEnabled后,当你向一个已经释放的对象发送消息,这个对象就不会向之前那样Crash或者产生一个难以理解的行为,而是放出一个错误消息,然后以一种可预测的可以产生debug断点的方式消失, 因此我们就可以找到具体或者大概是哪个对象被错误的释放了。

    设置该环境变量后,同样的问题运行至崩溃时便有了日志提示。


    屏幕快照 2016-07-06 下午3.37.18.png

    好像也并没有很有用,然后我就复制粘贴bug日志信息到百度了,找到了一篇博文是这么说的。

    屏幕快照 2016-07-06 下午3.39.38.png

    然后我便在PhotoPickManager.m中添加了dealloc代码。

    - (void)dealloc
    {
        _imgPickC.delegate = nil;
    }
    

    然后,再次Run......程序没有崩溃!但是......
    但是当选取了照片后我发现代码不走UIImagePickerController的代理方法了,这就是因为上步在dealloc中把_imgPickC的代理置为nil导致的。UIImagePickerController封装的代码里正在进行照片的选取,选取后会触发代理方法,但是此时你却将其代理置为了nil,所以当然不会走代理方法。
    为了避免选取照片的步骤正在进行中,但PhotoPickManager被释放的尴尬场景,我便将其改为了单例,这样创建的实例是static类型,一直存在的。

    结语

    通过UIImagePickerController能实现简单而基本的访问相机和相册功能,但若想实现照片多选,选取页面自定制,照片分类等个性化功能,还需了解AssetsLibraryPhotoKit的知识,并自己进行封装。

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