一、宾语从句
① She said (that) she would study hard to pass the examination.
她说她会好好学习通过考试。
② I wonder if/whether I can pass the CET4 smoothly.
我不知道自己能否顺利通过大学英语四级考试。
【解析】
① 所有的名词性从句中，只有宾语从句的that是可以省略。写作中不要省略，因为省略不正式。阅读理解中会有省略。
② whether 可以引导所有的名词性从句，if 翻译成“是否”的意思，只能引导宾语从句。
（宾语从句可以只使用 whether，不用if。）
（if 翻译成“如果”的意思是状语从句）（但是在分析长难句的时候会见到if，翻译成“是否”还是“如果”。如何区分？答：if 前面是动词，动词后面有if一定是宾语从句）
练习：
我每天都在思考人类为什么能统治这个星球。
Every day，I wonder why humans rule this planet.
小结：
that 引导的宾语从句 that 可以省略，whether 引导的宾语从句可以被 if 所替代，if 翻译成“是否”的意思，只能引导宾语从句。
二、宾语从句的考点分析
1）写作
我正在思考我是否应该放弃考研。
I am reflecting whether I should give up the postgraduate entrance examination.
很多人认为成功就是不惜任何代价挣到很多的钱。
Many people argue that success means making a lot of money at any cost.
2） 长难句如何识别宾语从句
宾语总在实义动词后出现，所以如果实义动词后面有引导词，通常都是宾语从句。
① In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshipers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms.
在西方国家，大众传媒和读写普及之前，最强大的大众媒体是教堂，它提醒信徒们，他们的灵魂处于危险之中，总有一天他们会成为蠕虫的食物。
② He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.
他相信，就是这个困难可能具有补偿性的优势，迫使他长时间专注地思考每一个句子，所以也能够使他发现推理和观察中的错误。
③ Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.
想要事半功倍，还有一个方法，重新考虑一天之中的事情孰轻孰重，特别是该如何精巧地安排我们的待办事项清单。
④ This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in. A fact underlined by statistics shows that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.（两句话，两个宾语从句）
这一点表明，电视行业不是一个容易生存的行业，这一事实是由数据支持的。这些数据表明，在欧洲的 80 个电视网络中，至少有一半 1989 年是亏损的。
⑤ While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
当与你谈话时，可能成为你未来老板的人会考虑你所受的教育、你的经验和你的其他资历是否会在雇佣你以后给他带来好处。你的“资历”和能力必须有条不紊、合理连贯地展示出来。
⑥ You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction(归纳法) and deduction ( 演绎法 ), that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skills of their own, they build up their theories.（三个宾语从句，it 是形式宾语）
你重复地听说过这些事情吗？：科学工作者通过归纳法和演绎法进行工作，而且从某种意义上说，他们通过这些操作设法从自然中提取一些自然法则，然后根据这些自然法则和自己的一些特殊技能，建立起来了自己的理论。
⑦ To find out if this extends to non-living beings , San Diego and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.
为了弄清楚这是否适用于非生物, 圣地亚哥和她的同事们测试了老鼠是否能从机器老鼠那里探测到社会信号。
⑧ Darwin asserted that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited , for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.
达尔文声称,他对冗长而纯粹抽象的一系列思想的理解能力非常有限, 因此他确信自己在数学方面永远不会取得成功。
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