Systematic Naming

破解有机物的命名密码

Physical Properties

Have low boiling points. However, for straight-chain alkanes, the molecular size increases with the length of carbon chain, and thus the van der Waal's forces between molecules become stronger, thus the boiling point increases.

Have the lowest density among all groups of carbon compounds.

Are insoluble in water, but soluble in non-polar solvents (benzene, tetrachloromethane, etc.).

Reactions

Combustion of Alkanes

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) --> CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

Reactions with Halogens

The reactions of an alkane with a halogen is a substitution reaction (a reaction in which an atom, or a group of atoms, of a molecule is replaced by another atom, or a group of atoms), called halogenation.

Alkanes undergo substitution reactions with halogens to form haloalkanes and hydrogen halides