明确几个概念:
- 方法调用的本质,就是让对象发送消息。
-
NSNumber *isEnough = [person eatEnough:@(20)];
该方法的调用时会转化为objc_msgSend
进行调用,eatEnough:
以及后面的参数形成了一个的消息。 - 看一下
objc_msgSend
这个方法的系统定义,void objc_msgSend(void /* id self, SEL op, ... */ )
,消息发送最少包括两个参数,一个id
类型,一个SEL
类型。 - 当对象对应方法列表中查询不到这个方法时,并且不做任何处理的情况下,系统会抛出异常。(⚠️:可以转发这个消息,来消除异常)
(对于基础类型不了解的同志们可以查看 这里)
消息发送到最后对应到方法实现的查找过程:SEL -> Method -> IMP,最后利用IMP函数指针调用方法,流程图如下:
之前说过关于元类的知识,上图也同样反映出,类方法和实例方法处理起来有些许的差别。
下面我们来说一下具体的用法
- 应用场景:随意调用所有的方法,并且为实现不会崩溃。(是不是超牛逼)
在我们开发中,有些方法我们不愿在.h中公开,导入某些头文件一不注意就会循环引用。并且很多时候会造成代码的耦合性上升,任何功能的SDK特性才是一个程序员代码实力的象征。
⚠️ 使用objc_msgSend
这个方法的前提是你需要在BuildSettings
中设置Enable Strict Checking of objc_msgSend Calls
为YES
,否则会报错。
⚠️ 不要以为导入头文件#import <objc/runtime.h>
就万事大吉了,同时记得导入#import <objc/message.h>
。
首先,创建一个Person
类,.h中不公开任何方法 ,在.m中实现如下方法:
/**
*吃饭实例方法 无参数 无返回值
*/
-(void)eat{
NSLog(@"eat_person");
}
/**
*吃饭类方法 无参数 无返回值
*/
+(void)eat{
NSLog(@"eat_class");
}
/**
*睡觉实例方法 有参数 无返回值
*/
-(void)sleepOfHour:(NSNumber*)hour{
NSLog(@"sleep_person_%@",hour);
}
/**
*睡觉类方法 有参数 无返回值
*/
+(void)sleepOfHour:(NSNumber*)hour{
NSLog(@"sleep_class_%@",hour);
}
/**
*是否吃饱实例方法 有参数 有返回值
*/
-(NSNumber*)eatEnough:(NSNumber*)breadCount{
NSLog(@"breadCount_person_%@",breadCount);
return @(1);
}
/**
*是否吃饱类方法 有参数 有返回值
*/
+(NSNumber*)eatEnough:(NSNumber*)breadCount{
NSLog(@"breadCount_class_%@",breadCount);
return @(0);
}
runtime方法封装:
.h
#pragma mark - objc_msgSend (限制五个个参数及以内)
/**
*实例方法
*/
+(id)msgSendToObj:(id)obj Selector:(SEL)selector Prarms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn;
/**
*类方法
*/
+(id)msgSendToClass:(Class)YSClass Selector:(SEL)selector Prarms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn;
-----------------------------------------------------------
.m
#pragma mark - objc_msgSend
+(id)msgSendToObj:(id)obj Selector:(SEL)selector Prarms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn{
id returnValue = nil;
NSInteger paramsCount = params.count;
NSMutableArray *params_M = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:params];
//
while (params_M.count < 5) {
[params_M addObject:@""];
}
params = params_M;
//
if (obj && selector && [obj respondsToSelector:selector] && paramsCount <= 5) {
if (needReturn) {
returnValue = ((id (*) (id, SEL, id, id , id, id, id)) (void *)objc_msgSend) (obj, selector, params[0], params[1], params[2], params[3], params[4]);
}else{
((void (*) (id, SEL, id, id , id, id, id)) (void *)objc_msgSend)(obj, selector, params[0], params[1], params[2], params[3], params[4]);
}
}
return returnValue;
}
+(id)msgSendToClass:(Class)YSClass Selector:(SEL)selector Prarms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn{
id returnValue = nil;
NSInteger paramsCount = params.count;
NSMutableArray *params_M = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:params];
//
while (params_M.count < 5) {
[params_M addObject:@""];
}
params = params_M;
//
Method method = class_getClassMethod(YSClass, selector);
//
if (YSClass && selector && (int)method != 0 && paramsCount <= 5) {
if (needReturn) {
returnValue = ((id (*) (id, SEL, id, id , id, id, id)) (void *)objc_msgSend) (YSClass, selector, params[0], params[1], params[2], params[3], params[4]);
}else{
((void (*) (id, SEL, id, id , id, id, id)) (void *)objc_msgSend)(YSClass, selector, params[0], params[1], params[2], params[3], params[4]);
}
}
return returnValue;
}
在工程中调用方法如下:
Person* person = [[Person alloc] init];
[NSObject msgSendToObj:person Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eat") Prarms:nil NeedReturn:NO];
[NSObject msgSendToClass:NSClassFromString(@"Person") Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eat") Prarms:nil NeedReturn:NO];
//
[NSObject msgSendToObj:person Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"sleepOfHour:") Prarms:@[@(10)] NeedReturn:NO];
[NSObject msgSendToClass:NSClassFromString(@"Person") Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"sleepOfHour:") Prarms:@[@(8)] NeedReturn:NO];
//
id objR = [NSObject msgSendToObj:person Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eatEnough:") Prarms:@[@(100)] NeedReturn:YES];
id classR = [NSObject msgSendToClass:NSClassFromString(@"Person") Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eatEnough:") Prarms:@[@(100)] NeedReturn:YES];
NSLog(@"objR_%@ classR_%@", objR, classR);
打印结果:
RuntimeSkill[2126:215490] eat_person
RuntimeSkill[2126:215490] eat_class
RuntimeSkill[2126:215490] sleep_person_10
RuntimeSkill[2126:215490] sleep_class_8
RuntimeSkill[2126:215490] breadCount_person_100
RuntimeSkill[2126:215490] breadCount_class_100
RuntimeSkill[2126:215490] objR_1 classR_0
通过上面的讲解和代码,我姑且认为你了解了消息发送的原理以及实用技巧,但是有限个参数的限制真的是头疼,后来发现了一个东西NSInvocation
。于是扩展出了下面一套不限参数的方法调用机制:
.h
#pragma mark - NSInvocation (不限参数)
/**
*实例方法
*/
+(id)msgSendToObj_invocation:(id)obj Selector:(SEL)selector Prarms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn;
/**
*类方法
*/
+(id)msgSendToClass_invocation:(Class)YSClass Selector:(SEL)selector Prarms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn;
------------------------------------------------------------------
.m
#pragma mark - NSInvocation (不限参数)
+(id)msgSendToObj_invocation:(id)obj Selector:(SEL)selector Prarms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn{
id value = nil;
if (obj && selector) {
if ([obj respondsToSelector:selector]) {
NSInvocation *invocation = [NSInvocation invocationWithMethodSignature:[[obj class] instanceMethodSignatureForSelector:selector]];
[invocation setSelector:selector];
[invocation setTarget:obj];
for (int i=0; i < params.count; i++) {
id ref = params[i];
[invocation setArgument:&ref atIndex:2+i];
}
[invocation invoke];//perform 的传参表达方式
if(needReturn){//获得返回值
void *vvl = nil;
[invocation getReturnValue:&vvl];
value = (__bridge id)vvl;
}
}else{
#ifdef _YSDebugLog
NSLog(@"msgToTarget unRespondsToSelector -->>> %@ %@",obj,menthed);
#endif
}
}
return value;
}
+(id)msgSendToClass_invocation:(Class)YSClass Selector:(SEL)selector Prarms:(NSArray*)params NeedReturn:(BOOL)needReturn{
id value = nil;
Method method = class_getClassMethod(YSClass, selector);
if((int)method != 0){
NSInvocation *invocation = [NSInvocation invocationWithMethodSignature:[YSClass methodSignatureForSelector:selector]];
[invocation setSelector:selector];
[invocation setTarget:YSClass];
for (int i=0; i < params.count; i++) {
id ref = params[i];
[invocation setArgument:&ref atIndex:2+i];
}
[invocation invoke];//perform 的传参表达方式
if(needReturn){//获得返回值
void *vvl = nil;
[invocation getReturnValue:&vvl];
value = (__bridge id)vvl;
}
}else{
#ifdef _YSDebugLog
NSLog(@"msgToClass unRespondsToSelector -->>> %@ %@",YSClass,menthed);
#endif
}
return value;
}
调用方法:
[NSObject msgSendToObj_invocation:person Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eat") Prarms:nil NeedReturn:NO];
[NSObject msgSendToClass_invocation:NSClassFromString(@"Person") Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eat") Prarms:nil NeedReturn:NO];
//
[NSObject msgSendToObj_invocation:person Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"sleepOfHour:") Prarms:@[@(10)] NeedReturn:NO];
[NSObject msgSendToClass_invocation:NSClassFromString(@"Person") Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"sleepOfHour:") Prarms:@[@(8)] NeedReturn:NO];
//
id objR_in = [NSObject msgSendToObj_invocation:person Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eatEnough:") Prarms:@[@(100)] NeedReturn:YES];
id classR_in = [NSObject msgSendToClass_invocation:NSClassFromString(@"Person") Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eatEnough:") Prarms:@[@(100)] NeedReturn:YES];
NSLog(@"objR_in_%@ classR_in_%@", objR_in, classR_in);
打印结果:
RuntimeSkill[2150:221988] eat_person
RuntimeSkill[2150:221988] eat_class
RuntimeSkill[2150:221988] sleep_person_10
RuntimeSkill[2150:221988] sleep_class_8
RuntimeSkill[2150:221988] breadCount_person_100
RuntimeSkill[2150:221988] breadCount_class_100
RuntimeSkill[2150:221988] objR_in_1 classR_in_0
有了这个原则,你就可以肆无忌惮的调用管他公布公不公开的方法,换一个角度,也就是可以通过get
方法获取.m
中未公开属性值。方法是这个方法,但每个人可能都有不同的见解,抛砖引玉,你可能看了之后能找到更牛逼的实用领域,到时候记得来嘲讽我!!!
网友评论
SEL selector = NSSelectorFromString(@"eatMeal:Name:");
id returnValue3 = [NSObject msgSendToObj_invocation:per Selector:selector Params:@[@50,@"汉堡"] NeedReturn:YES];那个方法却调用不了
-(id)eatMeal:(NSNumber*)meal Name:(NSString*)name{
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"吃饱了_%@_%@",meal,name];
}
然后调用:
id return_id = [NSObject msgSendToObj_invocation:person Selector:NSSelectorFromString(@"eatMeal:Name:") Prarms:@[@(10),@"面包"] NeedReturn:YES];
NSLog(@"%@",return_id);
打印结果:
2017-05-24 09:29:26.554 RuntimeSkill[777:15278] 吃饱了_10_面包
我开发中一直在用,应该不会有问题。