01 A Man Has Received the First Pig-Kidney Transplant（技术进步）
第一个转基因猪肾移植成功：A transplant surgeon at Massachusetts General Hospital successfully performed the groundbreaking, four-hour procedure on Richard Slayman, a 62-year-old managerat the Massachusetts Department of Transportation,on March 16. 不得了啊，移植后情况良好，预计很快出院（五年前移植过人类肾脏，但是开始衰竭需要透析，难怪愿意试试猪肾脏移植，真的是没有办法了）
The surgery was the culmination of years of work transplanting kidneys from a specially bred group of pigs—which had been genetically modified to more closely resemble those of humans—into primates.原来是特殊饲养经过基因改造的猪，之前还以为就是普通的猪，我单纯了
The pig donor
——eGenesis, a biotech company that has been studying ways to make animal tissues as human as possible.研究的生物科技公司eGenesis
——The pigs’ cells were treated with the gene-editing technology CRISPR, which allows scientists to make very precise genetic changes in cells.用基因编辑技术CRISPR处理更适合人类身体
——All told, the pig kidneys contained 69 genetic changes in three major categories. The scientists knocked out or eliminated three pig genes that trigger immediate rejection by the human immune system,added seven human genes to make the pig tissue appear more human to the immune cells, and inactivated viral genes in pig cells that could cause infections.消除对人类不适合的基因，并添加七个人类基因
——They also used a unique cocktail of antibody treatments to further dampen the immune reaction and give the transplanted kidney the best chance of surviving in the patient用独特抗体治疗混合物进一步抑制免疫反应
Next steps
——eGenesis is working on other pig organs as well继续研究其他器官移植的可能性More than 100,000 peopleare placed on the kidney transplant waiting list in the U.S. each year, while only 20,000 kidneys are available.实在是太短缺了，差不多五倍呢，而且再加上移植后不一定真的有用
——The Mass General Brigham team hopes to perform more of these transplants to get a better idea of how long the pig kidneys can function and whether they can meaningfully extend the length and quality of patients' lives. 进行更多肾脏移植，增加更多的了解
——The long-term hope is that pig kidneys may even become a substitute for human organs if they prove up to the task希望真的可以啊
02 Why Walking Isn’t Enough When It Comes to Exercise（健康知识）
What’s so great about walking?
——One study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that 15 minutes of walking was as beneficial as five minutes of running.步行时间=3倍跑步
——walking improves the health of our cardiovascular system并且decrease in the risk of heart disease, stroke, obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol多动动少生病
——it’s the easiest way to counter the risk of a sedentary lifestyle赞同，散步相对于跑步，更容易执行散步
But is just walking enough exercise?
——]Federal physical-activity guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes of aerobic physical activity a week, plus two or more sessions of muscle-strengthening activities involving all major muscle groups per week.只是步行不够，还得增加肌肉强化的运动（以现在来说，能放下手机出门散步就很不错了）
How to make your walk count as a workout
——A more important metric than steps, she says, is time.The guidelines consider walking briskly—where you could walk a mile in 15 to 24 minutes—to be moderate-intensity physical activity.大约10到16分钟1公里，这强度确实不高(一英里=1.609344公里）
——Check your heart rate.区间[(220-年龄）*50%到（220-年龄）*70%]
——Proper form for walking：Focus on staying upright and keeping your abdominals engaged.Squeeze your butt, and let your arms swing naturally.Leaning forward下次试试
03 The Menstrual Mood Disorder You’ve Never Heard About（女性新知识）
经前焦虑障碍premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD) means having severe and debilitating mood swings right around one’s period第一次听说，那会不会经期之后就自然消解了，每次都经前出现？不过太严重的人估计撑不到下一次经期
——that impacts roughly 3 to 8% of menstruators.好像也不太多
——Around a third of people with PMDD have attempted suicide, and over 70% have regular suicidal ideation.这就有点严重了，还好我从来没有这个想法
为什么诊断如此困难：
——According to a 2022 survey of PMDD patients, over a third said their general practitioners had no knowledge of premenstrual disorders,
——and about 40% said their mental-health-care providers had no knowledge of premenstrual disorders.
——But PMDD has been around since periods have been around and we’ve known about it for nearly a century.这么久了竟然也没有普及
关于PMDD争议：
——1980, when Dalton served as a medical expert for three women accused of crime经前焦虑障碍进入大众视野，但是不被认可
——experts were divided on where to draw the line between PMDD (the severe, debilitating mood swings) and PMS (garden variety grumpiness and irritability). 只是严重程度不同而已，感觉没啥区别
——PMDD eventually did become a diagnosis in the DSM（the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders） in 2013, nearly three decades after it’d been first debated in the ‘80s.真的好难，加入感觉属于精神病的一种，不加入医生根本无法给出这个名义的诊断，就没法得到应有的治疗
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