walkable cities

作者: 俗世尘沙 | 来源:发表于2022-05-12 07:20 被阅读0次

    正文

    Study reveals world's most walkable cities

    研究揭晓世界最适宜步行的城市

    The world's most walkable cities include London, Paris, Bogotá and Hong Kong, according to a report.

    一份报告显示,世界上最适宜步行的城市包括伦敦、巴黎、波哥大和香港。

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    Researchers at the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) said making cities walkable was vital to improve health, cut climate-heating transport emissions and build stronger local communities and economies.

    交通和发展政策研究所(ITDP)的研究人员说,让城市变得适宜步行对于提高健康状况、减少交通工具带来的温室气体排放、建设更加强大的本地社区和经济至关重要。

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    However, they said very few cities overall gave pedestrians priority and were dominated by cars. The report found US cities ranked particularly low for walkability due to urban sprawl.

    然而,他们认为,总的来说很少有城市会优先考虑行人,而总是被车辆主导。这份报告发现,由于肆意扩张,美国的城市在“步行适宜性”排名中尤其靠后。

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    Among cities with more than 5 million inhabitants, only Bogotá in Colombia was in the top five for all three measures. The first measure assessed the proportion of people living within 100m of a car-free place, such as parks, pedestrianised streets and squares.

    在居民人数超过五百万的城市中,只有哥伦比亚的波哥大在三个(步行适宜性)评选标准中都位居前五。第一个评选标准会测算“居住在无车场所(例如公园、步行街和广场等)百米范围内的居民比例”。

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    The second measure looked at the proportion of people living within a kilometre of both healthcare and education.

    第二个评选标准会分析“居住在医疗场所和教学场所一公里范围内的居民比例”。

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    The average size of city blocks was the third measure, as smaller blocks make it easier for people to walk directly to their destinations without detours around large buildings.

    第三个评选标准是“城市街区的平均规模”。较小的街区能让人们更容易直接步行至目的地,而无需绕开大型建筑。

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    The report includes evidence that places where walking is easier and safer have lower air pollution, less obesity, more children's play time, fewer road deaths and better performing local businesses, as well as reduced inequality.

    报告中的证据表明,在步行更容易更安全的地方,空气污染的程度更轻,肥胖更少,儿童户外游戏的时间更长,交通事故死亡人数却更少,本地企业会更优秀,而不平等情况会减少。

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    "People will use the infrastructure that you give them and because we've built cities for cars, everyone wants to drive around," said Reich, an ITDP researcher. "But if we were to start building cities for people to walk in, people will change their behaviour and will live longer and happier lives."

    “人们会使用那些放在他们身边的基础设施。因为我们为(方便驾驶)汽车建造了城市,所以每个人都会想开车到处跑。” ITDP 的研究员赖克说,“但是,如果我们开始建设能让人们步行的城市,大家就会改变他们的行为,并且能活得更长久、更快乐。”

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    主编:乐乐、阿翀

    品控:XP

    审核:Jack

    重点词汇

    walkable

    /ˈwɑː.kə.bəl/

    adj. 便于行走的

    词根词缀: -able(可以……的;便于……的)

    vital

    /ˈvaɪ.t̬əl/

    adj. 重要的、必不可少的;维持生命所必需的

    相关词汇:vitamin(n. 维他命)

    例句:He played a vital role in setting up the organization.

    搭配短语:be vital to sth.

    emission

    /iˈmɪʃ.ən/

    n.(气体或辐射的)排放

    例句:Industrial gases emissions will warm the planet.

    相关词汇:emit(v. 排放、散发)

    例句:Emitting industrial gases will warm the planet.

    pedestrian

    /pəˈdes.tri.ən/

    n. 行人;竞走运动员

    词根词缀:ped(与脚有关)

    相关词汇:pedal(n. 脚踏板)

    相关词汇:pedestrianise(v. 使(街道, 地区)成为步行区)

    相关词汇:pedestrianised(adj. 适合行走的)

    priority

    /praɪˈɔːr.ə.t̬i/

    n. 优先权;最重要的事情

    英文释义:If you give priority to A, you treat A as more important than anything else.

    例句:The children are our first priority.

    dominate

    /ˈdɑː.mə.neɪt/

    v. 在某个领域、场合占据支配地位;控制,统治

    例句:It had been dominated by the Romans for 5 centuries.

    例句:She tends to dominate the conversation.

    rank low

    与同等事物比起来,表现不佳或不太重要

    英文释义:to be bad, or unimportant compared with other similar people or things

    相关词汇:rank(v. 排第几名)

    搭配短语:rank third

    相关短语:rank high(表现好,很重要)

    例句:Investors ranked China high among Asian nations.

    sprawl

    /sprɑːl/

    n. (某地建筑的)无计划发展

    词性拓展:sprawl(v. (无条理地)摊开;无序扩展)

    例句:He sprawled on the bed.

    例句:This town seemed to sprawl for miles.

    文化补充:

    城市蔓延(英语:urban sprawl),或称郊区蔓延(suburban sprawl),俗称摊大饼,是指郊区城市化过程中,城市人口大幅向外发展,侵占城市边缘的乡郊地区并形成低密度、单功能,且通常依赖小汽车的社区。除了描述特定的城市化过程的模式外,该术语也常常涉及其社会和环境上的后果。

    “城市蔓延”一词常常是政治化的,几乎总是以负面含义出现,批评者认为蔓延造成环境退化、加剧空间分异、破坏现有城市地区的活力,并冲击审美底线。由于该术语带贬义,很少人会公开支持城市蔓延,而该词亦已成为呼吁对城市增长实施管理的口号。

    inhabitant

    /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/

    n. 居民

    相关词汇:inhabit(v. 居住于,栖息于)

    词义辨析:inhabit, live in

    inhabit 和 live in 都可以表示“居住”,但是 inhabit 更加强调“适应了某种特殊环境”。比如我们就说一种鸟 inhabits North America,往往是强调它栖息地在北美洲。

    assess

    /əˈses/

    v. 估计事物的性质、能力

    搭配短语:assess the importance of the issues

    搭配短语:be assessed at sth.(估算物品的价值金额)

    例句:The value of the company was assessed at $1.25 million.

    文化补充:

    assess 和 assist “助手”的渊源:在 18 世纪,法官助理的工作之一,就是核算罚款或者税费金额,从而衍生出了 assess “估计、估算”这个词。

    proportion

    /prəˈpɔːr.ʃən/

    n. 比例,比重

    例句:The proportion of women in the team is 50%.

    car-free

    /ˌkɑːrˈfriː/

    adj. 无车的,车辆禁行的,步行的

    词根词缀:-free(没有……的)

    相关词汇:tax-free

    block

    /blɑːk/

    n. 街区;(长方形)的块状物体

    文化补充:

    在城市中,街区通常是被道路所包围的区域,是城市结构的基本组成单位,然而在郊区以及乡镇中,道路并不会像城市那么密集,因此人口统计街区就还会借助其他一些自然特征或人文特征来进行街区的划分与分割,例如行政边界,河流,湖泊,铁路,山脉,悬崖等。

    对于世界中的绝大多数城市来说,城市都是出于规划下而发展的,道路通畅纵横交错,因此街区的形状通常也是类正方形或长方形。

    1857 年芝加哥城市规划图

    destination

    /ˌdes.təˈneɪ.ʃən/

    n. 目的地

    例句:Sanya will be my next travel destination.

    相关词汇:destiny(n. 命运)

    相关词汇:destine(v. 注定,预先决定)

    例句:She is destined to be an actress.

    detour

    /ˈdiːtʊə(r)/

    n. 绕行的路

    例句:We made a detour to avoid the town center.

    词性拓展:detour(v. 绕开,绕道)

    例句:We detoured around the town center.

    obesity

    /oʊˈbiː.sə.t̬i/

    n. 肥胖症

    英文释义:when someone is very fat in a way that is unhealthy

    inequality

    /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑː.lə.t̬i/

    n. 不平等,不相等

    相关词汇:equal(adj. 相等的,平等的)

    词根词缀:in-(相反的)

    搭配短语:inequalities in wealth distribution

    infrastructure

    /ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃɚ/

    n. 基础设施

    词根词缀:infra-(在下面)

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