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Android自定义View,带你实现小米指南针和时钟

Android自定义View,带你实现小米指南针和时钟

作者: ChaosAlaska | 来源:发表于2017-12-28 15:55 被阅读1199次

    吾幼时即嗜画,家贫无从至笔墨纸砚,遂从姑苏城外寒山寺搬得红枫叶两筐。未几,吾发现红枫叶蒸包子很不错,所以现在我包的包子很好吃。

    我的测试机是小米,我发现小米的指南针和钟表挺好玩的,Android画画又不花钱,所以没事就画一画呗。

    先看一下效果图:

    仿小米指南针:

    com.gif
    仿小米时钟:
    oclock.gif
    此篇简书我会 一步一步实现 小米指南针(指南针知道了时钟就很简单了)
    先放一张图,以我的思路剖析一下小米指南针,下文碰到的东西都可以对照这张图 帮助理解
    all.jpg
    1、首先我们要OnMeasure确定View的大小

    经过上图分析,View大小就是:指南针整体正方形上面加一个同宽度的字体矩形
    代码如下:

     @Override
        protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
            super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
            super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
            int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
            int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
            int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
            int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
            width = Math.min(widthSize, heightSize);
            if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) {
                width = heightSize;
            } else if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) {
                width = widthSize;
            }
            //为指南针上面的文字预留空间,定为1/3边张
            mTextHeight = width/3;
            //设置圆心点坐标
            mCenterX = width/2;
            mCenterY = width/2+mTextHeight;
            //外部圆的外径
            mOutSideRadius = width*3/8;
            //外接圆的半径
            mCircumRadius = mOutSideRadius*4/5;
            //camera最大平移距离
            mMaxCameraTranslate = 0.02f*mOutSideRadius;
            //View布局大小
            setMeasuredDimension(width, width+width/3 );
        }
    
    2、画指南针上面的文字。

    (1)我们用SensorManager,配合SensorEventListener获取到当前手机方位,拿到View的实例,把对应访问参数set给View

    chaosCompassView = (ChaosCompassView) findViewById(R.id.ccv);
            mSensorManager = (SensorManager) getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE);
            mSensorEventListener = new SensorEventListener() {
                @Override
                public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
                    val = event.values[0];
                    //给View方位值
                    chaosCompassView.setVal(val);
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {
    
                }
            };
    
            mSensorManager.registerListener(mSensorEventListener,mSensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ORIENTATION),
                    SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_GAME);
    

    (3)根据方位值,我们可以大体确认文字的具体值,通过观察小米原声指南针,我把方位大体定义 如下图所示:


    fangwei.png

    (3)确定字体位置居中
    我们要用Paint.getTextBounds方法来确认字体外接矩形的大小,然后求出字体的宽度,让字体在对应坐标居中显示,字体还涉及到基准线,配合一张图理解。


    text.png
    (4)绘制文字相关代码代码
    private void drawText() {
            if (val<=15||val>=345){
                text = "北";
            }else if (val>15&&val<=75){
                text= "东北";
            }else if (val>75&&val<=105){
                text= "东";
            }else if (val>105&&val<=165){
                text="东南";
            }else if (val>165&&val<=195){
                text = "南";
            }else if (val>195&&val<=255){
                text = "西南";
            }else if (val>255&&val<=285){
                text = "西";
            }else if (val>285&&val<345){
                text="西北";
            }
    
            mTextPaint.getTextBounds(text,0,text.length(),mTextRect);
            //文字宽度
            int mTextWidth = mTextRect.width();
            //让文字水平居中显示
            mCanvas.drawText(text,width/2-mTextWidth/2,mTextHeight/2,mTextPaint);
    
        }
    
    3、画指南针外层圆弧和三角形。

    (1)确定好小三角形顶点坐标,然后根据初中数学,算出其余坐标,用Path封闭一个三角型就好。
    (2)剩下是画四个圆弧,直接贴代码了

    /**
         * 指南针外部可简单分为两部分
         * 1、用Path实现小三角形
         * 2、两个圆弧
         */
        private void drawCompassOutSide() {
            mCanvas.save();
            //小三角形的高度
            int mTriangleHeight=40;
            //定义Path画小三角形
            mOutsideTriangle.moveTo(width/2,mTextHeight-mTriangleHeight);
            //小三角形的边长
            float mTriangleSide = 46.18f;
            //画出小三角形
            mOutsideTriangle.lineTo(width/2-mTriangleSide/2,mTextHeight);
            mOutsideTriangle.lineTo(width/2+mTriangleSide/2,mTextHeight);
            mOutsideTriangle.close();
            mCanvas.drawPath(mOutsideTriangle,mOutSideCircumPaint);
    
            //画圆弧
            mDarkRedPaint.setStrokeWidth((float) 5);
            mLightGrayPaint.setStrokeWidth((float)5);
            mDeepGrayPaint.setStrokeWidth((float)3);
            mLightGrayPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
            mCanvas.drawArc(width/2-mOutSideRadius,mTextHeight,width/2+mOutSideRadius,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius*2,-80,120,false,mLightGrayPaint);
            mCanvas.drawArc(width/2-mOutSideRadius,mTextHeight,width/2+mOutSideRadius,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius*2,40,20,false,mDeepGrayPaint);
            mCanvas.drawArc(width/2-mOutSideRadius,mTextHeight,width/2+mOutSideRadius,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius*2,-100,-20,false,mLightGrayPaint);
            mCanvas.drawArc(width/2-mOutSideRadius,mTextHeight,width/2+mOutSideRadius,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius*2,-120,-120,false,mDarkRedPaint);
            mCanvas.restore();
        }
    

    到此外部分的处理我们就完事了,应该是这个样子:


    ne.png
    4、画指南针内层圆弧和三角形。

    (1) 红色的三角形 会跟踪方位值大小移动。所以旋转画布实现跟踪

      //参数:  方位值,圆心X,圆心Y
        mCanvas.rotate(-val,width/2,mOutSideRadius+mTextHeight);
    

    道理和外层都是一样的直接贴代码了:

    /**
         * 指南针外接圆,和外部圆换道理差不多
         */
        private void drawCompassCircum() {
            mCanvas.save();
            //外接圆小三角形的高度
            int mTriangleHeight=(mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius)/2;
    
            mCanvas.rotate(-val,width/2,mOutSideRadius+mTextHeight);
            mCircumTriangle.moveTo(width/2,mTriangleHeight+mTextHeight);
            //内接三角形的边长,简单数学运算
            float mTriangleSide = (float) ((mTriangleHeight/(Math.sqrt(3)))*2);
            mCircumTriangle.lineTo(width/2-mTriangleSide/2,mTextHeight+mTriangleHeight*2);
            mCircumTriangle.lineTo(width/2+mTriangleSide/2,mTextHeight+mTriangleHeight*2);
            mCircumTriangle.close();
            mCanvas.drawPath(mCircumTriangle,mCircumPaint);
            mCanvas.drawArc(width/2-mCircumRadius,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius,
                    width/2+mCircumRadius,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius+mCircumRadius,-85,350,false,mDeepGrayPaint);
            mAnglePaint.setStrokeWidth(5f);
            //这里需要注意的是,对比原声 左右的红色弧线方向会不一样
            if (val<=180){
                valCompare = val;
                mCanvas.drawArc(width/2-mCircumRadius,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius,
                        width/2+mCircumRadius,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius+mCircumRadius,-85,valCompare,false,mAnglePaint);
            }else{
                valCompare = 360-val;
                mCanvas.drawArc(width/2-mCircumRadius,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius,
                        width/2+mCircumRadius,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius+mCircumRadius,-95,-valCompare,false,mAnglePaint);
            }
    
            mCanvas.restore();
        }
    
    效果图: new.png
    5、画指南针内心,颜色辐射渐变的圆。

    (1)用RadialGradient实现辐射渐变
    构造方法:
    RadialGradient(float centerX, float centerY, float radius, int centerColor, int edgeColor, TileMode tileMode)。

    参数:
    centerX centerY:辐射中心的坐标
    radius:辐射半径
    centerColor:辐射中心的颜色
    edgeColor:辐射边缘的颜色
    tileMode:辐射范围之外的着色模式。

    代码如下

     private void drawInnerCricle() {
    
            mInnerShader = new RadialGradient(width/2,mOutSideRadius+mTextHeight,mCircumRadius-40, Color.parseColor("#323232"),
                    Color.parseColor("#000000"),Shader.TileMode.CLAMP);
            mInnerPaint.setShader(mInnerShader);
            mCanvas.drawCircle(width/2,mOutSideRadius+mTextHeight,mCircumRadius-40,mInnerPaint);
    
        }
    

    对应效果:


    jianbian.png
    6、画指南针刻度表盘 和 圆心数字。

    (1)为了让 N E S W 完全居中,我连W都给他单独设置了一个矩阵。。。毕竟很宽。。
    (2)表盘的N 也是追随方位值 移动的,注意移动画布就行
    (3)圆心数字值 就是方位值的整形。
    这块主要也是算坐标,没什么难度,仔细就行。

    //刻度
     private void drawCompassDegreeScale() {
            mCanvas.save();
            //获取N文字的宽度
            mNorthPaint.getTextBounds("N",0,1,mPositionRect);
            int mPositionTextWidth = mPositionRect.width();
            int mPositionTextHeight = mPositionRect.height();
            //获取W文字宽度,因为W比较宽 所以要单独获取
            mNorthPaint.getTextBounds("W",0,1,mPositionRect);
            int mWPositionTextWidth = mPositionRect.width();
            int mWPositionTextHeight = mPositionRect.height();
            //获取小刻度,两位数的宽度
            mSamllDegreePaint.getTextBounds("30",0,1,mSencondRect);
            int mSencondTextWidth = mSencondRect.width();
            int mSencondTextHeight = mSencondRect.height();
            //获取小刻度,3位数的宽度
            mSamllDegreePaint.getTextBounds("30",0,1,mThirdRect);
            int mThirdTextWidth = mThirdRect.width();
            int mThirdTextHeight = mThirdRect.height();
    
            mCanvas.rotate(-val,width/2,mOutSideRadius+mTextHeight);
    
    
            //画刻度线
            for (int i = 0; i < 240; i++) {
    
                if (i==0||i==60||i==120||i==180){
                    mCanvas.drawLine(getWidth() / 2, mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+10,
                            getWidth() / 2,  mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+30, mDeepGrayPaint);
                }else{
                    mCanvas.drawLine(getWidth() / 2, mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+10,
                            getWidth() / 2,  mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+30, mLightGrayPaint);
                }
                if (i==0){
                    mCanvas.drawText("N", this.width /2-mPositionTextWidth/2,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+40+mPositionTextHeight,mNorthPaint);
                }else if (i==60){
                    mCanvas.drawText("E", this.width /2-mPositionTextWidth/2,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+40+mPositionTextHeight,mOthersPaint);
                }else if (i==120){
                    mCanvas.drawText("S", this.width /2-mPositionTextWidth/2,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+40+mPositionTextHeight,mOthersPaint);
                }else if (i==180){
                    mCanvas.drawText("W", this.width /2-mWPositionTextWidth/2,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+40+mWPositionTextHeight,mOthersPaint);
                }else if (i==20){
                    mCanvas.drawText("30", this.width /2-mSencondTextWidth/2,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+40+mSencondTextHeight,mSamllDegreePaint);
                }else if (i==40){
                    mCanvas.drawText("60", this.width /2-mSencondTextWidth/2,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+40+mSencondTextHeight,mSamllDegreePaint);
                }else if (i==80){
                    mCanvas.drawText("120", this.width /2-mThirdTextWidth/2,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+40+mThirdTextHeight,mSamllDegreePaint);
                }else if (i==100){
                    mCanvas.drawText("150", this.width /2-mThirdTextWidth/2,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+40+mThirdTextHeight,mSamllDegreePaint);
                }else if (i==140){
                    mCanvas.drawText("210", this.width /2-mThirdTextWidth/2,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+40+mThirdTextHeight,mSamllDegreePaint);
                }else if (i==160){
                    mCanvas.drawText("240", this.width /2-mThirdTextWidth/2,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+40+mThirdTextHeight,mSamllDegreePaint);
                }else if (i==200){
                    mCanvas.drawText("300", this.width /2-mThirdTextWidth/2,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+40+mThirdTextHeight,mSamllDegreePaint);
                }else if (i==220){
                    mCanvas.drawText("330", this.width /2-mThirdTextWidth/2,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius-mCircumRadius+40+mThirdTextHeight,mSamllDegreePaint);
                }
                mCanvas.rotate(1.5f, mCenterX, mOutSideRadius+mTextHeight);
            }
            mCanvas.restore();
    
        }
    

    中心文字

     private void drawCenterText() {
            String centerText=String.valueOf((int) val+"°");
            mCenterPaint.getTextBounds(centerText,0,centerText.length(),mCenterTextRect);
            int centerTextWidth = mCenterTextRect.width();
            int centerTextHeight = mCenterTextRect.height();
            mCanvas.drawText(centerText,width/2-centerTextWidth/2,mTextHeight+mOutSideRadius+centerTextHeight/5,mCenterPaint);
    
        }
    

    效果图:


    fina.png

    其实做到这里,指南针的功能和View就已经画完了。

    接下来我们要做点击动画和Camera实现3D效果

    7、通过Camera实现3D效果。

    (1)当手指触摸View的时候,通过getX和getY方法得到触摸点,然后通过定义比例值,得到Camera的旋转大小和平移大小。然后在手指抬起时,通过属性动画让View复原。

    (2) 使用 Matrix 来做自定义变换
    Camera默认旋转是View左上角为旋转中心,所以要我们需要定义Matrix来改变旋转中心。要不扭曲的太夸张了。

    camera的设置

     /**
         * 设置camera相关
         */
        private void set3DMetrix() {
            mCameraMatrix.reset();
            mCamera.save();
            mCamera.rotateX(mCameraRotateX);
            mCamera.rotateY(mCameraRotateY);
            mCamera.getMatrix(mCameraMatrix);
            mCamera.restore();
            //camera默认旋转是View左上角为旋转中心
            //所以动作之前要,设置矩阵位置 -mTextHeight-mOutSideRadius
            mCameraMatrix.preTranslate(-getWidth()/2,-getHeight()/2);
            //动作之后恢复位置
            mCameraMatrix.postTranslate(getWidth()/2,getHeight()/2);
            //基于 Canvas 当前的变换,叠加上 Matrix 中的变换。
            mCanvas.concat(mCameraMatrix);
        }
    

    onTouchEvent

      @Override
        public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
            switch (event.getAction()){
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                    if (mValueAnimator!=null&&mValueAnimator.isRunning()){
                        mValueAnimator.cancel();
                    }
                    //3D 效果让Camera旋转,获取旋转偏移大小
                    getCameraRotate(event);
                    //获取平移大小
                    getCameraTranslate(event);
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                    //3D 效果让Camera旋转,获取旋转偏移大小
                    getCameraRotate(event);
                    //获取平移大小
                    getCameraTranslate(event);
                    break;
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                    //松开手 复原动画
                    startRestore();
                    break;
            }
            return true;
    
        }
    

    获取对应比例

    /**
         * 获取Camera,平移大小
         * @param event
         */
        private void getCameraTranslate(MotionEvent event) {
            float translateX = (event.getX() - getWidth() / 2);
            float translateY = (event.getY() - getHeight()/2);
            //求出此时位移的大小与半径之比
            float[] percentArr = getPercent(translateX, translateY);
            //最终位移的大小按比例匀称改变
            mCameraTranslateX = percentArr[0] * mMaxCameraTranslate;
            mCameraTranslateY = percentArr[1] * mMaxCameraTranslate;
        }
    
        /**
         * 让Camera旋转,获取旋转偏移大小
         * @param event
         */
        private void getCameraRotate(MotionEvent event) {
            float mRotateX = -(event.getY()-(getHeight())/2);
            float mRotateY = (event.getX()-getWidth()/2);
            //求出旋转大小与半径之比
            float[] percentArr = getPercent(mRotateX,mRotateY);
            mCameraRotateX = percentArr[0]*mMaxCameraRotate;
            mCameraRotateY = percentArr[1]*mMaxCameraRotate;
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取比例
         * @param mCameraRotateX
         * @param mCameraRotateY
         * @return
         */
        private float[] getPercent(float mCameraRotateX, float mCameraRotateY) {
            float[] percentArr = new float[2];
            float percentX = mCameraRotateX/width;
            float percentY = mCameraRotateY/width;
            //处理一下比例值
            if (percentX > 1) {
                percentX = 1;
            } else if (percentX < -1) {
                percentX = -1;
            }
            if (percentY > 1) {
                percentY = 1;
            } else if (percentY < -1) {
                percentY = -1;
            }
            percentArr[0] = percentX;
            percentArr[1] = percentY;
            return percentArr;
        }
    
    

    View复原的属性动画

    private void startRestore() {
            final String cameraRotateXName = "cameraRotateX";
            final String cameraRotateYName = "cameraRotateY";
            final String canvasTranslateXName = "canvasTranslateX";
            final String canvasTranslateYName = "canvasTranslateY";
            PropertyValuesHolder cameraRotateXHolder =
                    PropertyValuesHolder.ofFloat(cameraRotateXName, mCameraRotateX, 0);
            PropertyValuesHolder cameraRotateYHolder =
                    PropertyValuesHolder.ofFloat(cameraRotateYName, mCameraRotateY, 0);
            PropertyValuesHolder canvasTranslateXHolder =
                    PropertyValuesHolder.ofFloat(canvasTranslateXName, mCameraTranslateX, 0);
            PropertyValuesHolder canvasTranslateYHolder =
                    PropertyValuesHolder.ofFloat(canvasTranslateYName, mCameraTranslateY, 0);
            mValueAnimator = ValueAnimator.ofPropertyValuesHolder(cameraRotateXHolder,
                    cameraRotateYHolder, canvasTranslateXHolder, canvasTranslateYHolder);
            mValueAnimator.setInterpolator(new TimeInterpolator() {
                @Override
                public float getInterpolation(float input) {
                    float f = 0.571429f;
                    return (float) (Math.pow(2, -2 * input) * Math.sin((input - f / 4) * (2 * Math.PI) / f) + 1);
                }
            });
            mValueAnimator.setDuration(1000);
            mValueAnimator.addUpdateListener(new ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener() {
                @Override
                public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) {
                    mCameraRotateX = (float) animation.getAnimatedValue(cameraRotateXName);
                    mCameraRotateY = (float) animation.getAnimatedValue(cameraRotateYName);
                    mCameraTranslateX = (float) animation.getAnimatedValue(canvasTranslateXName);
                    mCameraTranslateX = (float) animation.getAnimatedValue(canvasTranslateYName);
                }
            });
            mValueAnimator.start();
        }
    
    

    总结

    到此指南针的View就完事了,可能是因为绘制量比较大,View时间长了会出现卡顿现象,以后会慢慢完善。

    大家如果有什么感兴趣的自定义View可以在下方留言,我抽空会做一些我也感兴趣的。

    项目源码链接:

    仿小米指南针和时钟

    如果您觉得喜欢,请给我一个Star。

    相关文章

      网友评论

      • 雪味伦调:能否解释一下恢复动画的插值器是怎么写的?
        float f = 0.571429f;
        return (float) (Math.pow(2, -2 * input) * Math.sin((input - f / 4) * (2 * Math.PI) / f) + 1);
      • a85b8185219d:画刻度时,写两位数、三位数的宽度时,笔误写错了吧。
      • 付华_thedis:mCameraTranslateX 在复原动画里面定义了两次

        应该一个是mCameraTranslateY?
        ChaosAlaska:@付华_thedis 是的,写的时候笔误。
      • 绳_:大佬 原先我看 Camera 做3d效果时要用canvas.translate调整视角。这怎么移动我一直不明白大佬能说说吗
        ChaosAlaska:@绳_ 是扔物线哦:wink:
        绳_:@ChaosAlaska camera我原先看抛物线说的自定义view 好像用法有些不一样 。周末详细研究下大佬源码用法:grin:
        ChaosAlaska:你说的平移画布和Camera的3D效果关联不大吧,我是用Camera设置rotateX和rotateY来设置绕x和y轴旋转的角度,并且设置Matrix来确认旋转的中心点。
      • N1eR:牛批呀马飞

      本文标题:Android自定义View,带你实现小米指南针和时钟

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