【背景】四月份收到的礼物--这本C.S.Lewis的经典合集，惊喜地发现身边居然不少C.S.Lewis的粉丝；七月份组织了一个英文读书会BookClub，计划从第一本MereChristianity开始慢慢读。于是就有了这个 “Daily Post”系列。
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Book 1, Chapter 4 What Lies Behind The Law 第一卷 第四章 法则背后的真相
In this chapter, Lewis firstly reflects on and summarizes what was discussed in previous chapters—The Law of Human Nature differs from the Law of Gravity in that humans can choose to obey or disobey it. Beyond the facts of human behavior, there must be a real Law that we did not invent and yet feel compelled to obey.在本章中，Lewis首先反思并总结了前几章讨论的内容——人类天性法则与重力法则不同，人类可以选择遵守或不遵守它。在超越人类行为的事实之外，必须存在一种并非我们发明，但我们却感到必须遵守的真实法则。
Lewis then revisits the ancient question of the nature of the universe and its origins. He outlines three views (although he simplified this to two during his radio speech, he expands it to three in the book):然后，Lewis重新探讨了宇宙的本质及其起源的古老问题。他概述了三种观点（尽管他在广播演讲中将其简化为两种，但在本书中扩展为三种）：
The materialist view: matter and space have always existed by chance, with no clear reason why. Humanity, too, emerged by pure chance. 唯物主义观点：物质和空间一直偶然存在，没有明确的原因。人类也是纯粹偶然地出现的；
The religious view: there is a conscious mind behind the universe, with purposes and preferences 宗教观点：宇宙背后有一个有意识的心智，有其目的和偏好。
Lewis argues that you can not find out which view is right or wrong by science alone, as science is based on experiments and observations.Questions like "Why does anything exist at all?" and "Is theresomething beyond what science can observe?" are beyond scientific inquiry.He notes that real scientists typically refrain from making definitive statements on these matters, and “It is usually the journalists and popular novelists who have picked up a few odds and ends of half-baked science who go in for them”.Lewis认为，单靠科学无法判断哪种观点是对的或错的，因为科学是基于实验和观察。像“物质为什么存在？”以及“是否有超出科学观察范围的东西？”这样的问题超出了科学探究的范畴。他指出，真正的科学家通常会避免在这些问题上做出明确的陈述，而“通常是那些对科学一知半解的记者和流行小说家才会热衷于讨论这些问题”。
He further argued that:他进一步论述道：
if there was acontrolling power outside the universe, it could not show itself to us as one of the facts inside the universe – no more than the architect of a house could actually be a wall or staircase or fireplace in that house. The only way in which we could expect it to show itself would be inside ourselves as an influenceor a command trying to get us to behave in a certain way. 如果宇宙之外有一种控制力量，它不能以宇宙内部的事实之一这种方式展现给我们——就像房子的建筑师不能是房子里的墙壁、楼梯或壁炉一样。我们唯一可以期望它展现给我们的方式是在我们人类的内心，作为一种影响或命令，试图让我们以某种方式行事。
Again, Lewis uses a wonderful analogy to illustrate his points. This leads to his observation that there must be Something directing the universe, manifesting in humans as a moral law urging us to do right and making us uncomfortable when we do wrong.这里Lewis再次使用了一个精彩的类比来阐明他的观点。从而引出了他的观察：必须有某种东西在引导宇宙，并在人类中表现为一种道德法则，敦促我们做正确的事，并在我们做错事时让我们感到不安。
In the notes of this chapter, Lewis addresses a third perspective, the Life-Force philosophy, which is somewhat of a middle ground. People who hold this view believe that the‘evolution’ from lower forms of life to humans is driven not by chance but by the 'striving' of a 'Life-Force.'Lewis critiques this view by arguing that if the 'Life-Force' is a mind, then a mind bringing life into existence is really a God. If it isn't a mind, then it doesn't make sense to say it's triving' or 'purpose'. He points out that the Life-Force is just as a convenience for those who wish to feel inspired by a higher power when it suits them but reject moral accountability when it does not. This 'tame God,' as he calls it,serves merely for human convenience. 在本章的注释中，Lewis提出了第三种观点，即生命力哲学，这在某种程度上是一种中间立场。持这种观点的人认为，从低等生命形式到人类的“进化”不是由偶然驱动的，而是由“生命力”的“努力”驱动的。Lewis批评了这种观点，认为如果“生命力”是一个心智，那么带来生命的心智实际上就是上帝。如果它不是一个心智，那么说它“努力”或有“目的”就没有意义了。他指出，生命力只是那些希望在合适的时候从更高的力量中获得灵感，但在不合适的时候拒绝道德责任的人的一种便利。他称这种“驯服的上帝”仅仅是为了人类的方便而存在。
I personally love his arguments countering this Life-Force view very much because it is quite popular nowadays. In facing the grand nature and the uncertainties of men's lives and history, many believe there must be some supernatural power behind the universe. However, they refuse to learn about this power, using various excuses. Lewis's arguments sharply counter the core of this Life-Force view, which is merely a 'tame God' for man's ownconvenience我个人非常喜欢他反驳这种生命力观点的论点，因为这种观点在当今非常流行。面对宏大的自然以及人类生活和历史的不确定性，许多人相信宇宙背后必然存在某种超自然力量。然而，他们用各种借口拒绝了解这种力量。Lewis的论点尖锐地反驳了这种生命力观点的核心，即这种观点只是为了人类自己的方便而存在的“驯服的上帝”。
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