Day1-2 扫除生词+背景了解
Why Do Some Young People Become Jihadis? Psychiatry Offers Answers
As the dust settles on the traumatising attack in Manchester, we are left grieving and searching for an explanation for this senseless violence.
the dust settle on…
If you say that something will happen when the dust settles, you mean that a situation will be clearer after it has calmed down. If you let the dust settle before doing something, you let a situation calm down before you try to do anything else.[INFORMAL] 待形势明朗；待情况清楚
Once the dust had settled Beck defended his decision...
I think we need to let the dust settle and see what's going to happen after that.
senseless [sensləs]
[ADJ-GRADED] If you describe an action as senseless, you think it is wrong because it has no purpose and produces no benefit.
//...people whose lives have been destroyed by acts of senseless violence...
If your child is thirsty for learning, then it is senseless to hold her back.
Some will have you believe that Islam is at fault since verses of theQur’anlegitimise such violence, while their opponents point out that the ideology fuelling these acts of terror is at wisted perversion of the religion.
the Qur'an
The Qur'an, sometimes spelled Koran, (Arabic:القرآن) is the holy book of Islam. The Qur'an is considered by Muslims to be "The Word of Allah(God)". This book is different from other religious texts in that it is believed to be written directly by God, through the prophet Muhammad. Some Muslims call it the Final Testament.
It has been written and read only in Arabic formore than 1,400 years. But, because many Muslims around the world do not understand Arabic, the meaning of the Qur'an is also given in other languages, so that readers can understand better what the Arabic words in the Qur'an mean.These books are like dictionaries to the Qur'an - they are not read as part of the religion of Islam, to replace the Arabic Qur'an. Muslims believe that these translations are not the true Qur'an; only the Arabic copy is the true Qur’an. The Quran is used with the hadith to interpret sharia law.
legitimise
1. to make something that is unfair or morally wrong seem acceptable and right:
There is a danger that these films legitimize violence.
2. to make something official or legal:
Acceptance by the UN would effectively legitimize the regime.
3. when parents legitimize a child, they get married so that the child becomes legitimate.
fuel
/ˈfjuəl; ˈfjuːəl/ N
a substance such as coal, gas, or oil that can be burned to produce heat or energy 燃料：
The plane was running low on fuel. 飞机燃料告急。
Coal is one of the cheapest fuels. 煤是最廉价的燃料之一。
the car’s fuel consumption (=how much fuel it uses to travel a particular distance)该车的油耗
an empty fuel tank 空油箱
add fuel to the fire/flames at 见 ADD (9)
fuel
V fuelled , fuelling BrE 【英】, fueled , fueling AmE 【美】
1 [T] to make something, especially something bad, increase or become stronger 使恶化；使更强烈：
His words fuelled her anger still more. 他的话火上浇油，使她更愤怒了。
fuel speculation/rumours/controversy etc
Progress was slow, fueling concerns that the stadium would not be finished on time. 进度很慢，加深了人们对体育馆能否按时完工的担忧。
2 also 又作 fuel up [I,T] if you fuel a vehicle or if it fuels up, fuel is put into it（给车辆）加油，加燃料：
We’d better fuel up at the next town. 我们最好在下个小镇加油。
The van was fuelled and waiting in the basement car park. 小货车加好了油，在地下停车场等着。
perversion
/pəˈvɜ:ʃn; NAmE pərˈvɜ:rʒn/ noun [U, C]
1.behaviour that most people think is not normal or acceptable, especially when it is connected with sex; an example of this type of behaviour 反常行为；（性）变态
sexual perversion 性变态
sadomasochistic perversions 施虐受虐的变态行为
2.the act of changing sth that is good or right into sth that is bad or wrong; the result of this 颠倒；歪曲；颠倒是非
the perversion of justice 对正义的歪曲
Her account was a perversion of the truth. 她的报告颠倒了是非。
Western foreign policy has often been cited as an important driver, but there are countless law-abiding British citizens of all faiths who disagree with recent foreign policy who do not feel compelled to wreak bloody havoc on account of it.
law-abiding
[ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n] A law-abiding person always obeys the law and is considered to be good and honest because of this.
The Prime Minister said: `I am anxious that the law should protect decent law-abiding citizens and their property'...
Gun ownership by law-abiding people was not a problem.
wreak[ri:k]
wreaks, wreaking, wreaked
(wrought can also be used as the past participle.)
1.[VERB] Something or someone that wreaks havoc or destruction causes a great amount of disorder or damage.[JOURNALISM or, LITERARY]
[V n] Violent storms wreaked havoc on the French Riviera, leaving three people dead and dozens injured...
[V n] The mountains are studded with dams, any one of which could wreak destruction in the valley below.
[V-ed]//...the devastation wrought by a decade of fighting.
2.[VERB] If you wreak revenge or vengeance on someone, you do something that will harm them very much to punish them for the harm they have done to you.[JOURNALISM or, LITERARY]
[V n] He threatened to wreak vengeance on the men who toppled him a year ago.
on account of
You use on account of to introduce the reason or explanation for something.
The President declined to deliver the speech himself, on account of a sore throat...
A newly-married couple, he thought, on account of their walking so close together.
One contributing factor might be a concept drawn from the world of cultural psychiatry: acculturation–the process of balancing two competing cultural influences.
psychiatry[saɪkɑɪətri, AM sɪ-]
[N-UNCOUNT] Psychiatry is the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of mental illness. 精神病学，精神病治疗学；
acculturation
//[uncountable]acculturation (of somebody) (to something)(formal)
the process of learning to live successfully in a different culture; the process of helping somebody to do this 涵化(acculturation)指不同民族接触引起原有文化的变迁，涵化研究是研究不同民族的接触而产生的文化变迁过程及其结果的。
the acculturation of immigrants to American society.
There can be a number of possible outcomes to this process: deculturation, when a migrant loses all touch with their culture of origin; assimilation, when they retain some loose association with it but fully adopt the culture of the host nation; integration, when they retain strong ties with their culture of origin but are fully functioning members of society; and rejection, when they reject the host-nation culture completely in favour of their culture of origin.
边缘化 Marginalization or deculturation, refers to losing one’s cultural identity and not having any psychological contact with the larger society. 人们不仅失去自己原有的文化身份，而且与广大社会失去了心理联系。
同化 Assimilationis the degree to which an individual relinquishes an original culture for another. when individuals are assimilated into a mainstream culture, they lose their previous culture. 人们放弃原有文化，接受新文化的程度一旦被主流文化同化，人们就失去了原有的文化。
融合 Integrationtakes place when individuals become an integral part of the new culture while maintaining their cultural integrity integration ensures a continuity of culture. 在文化适应中人们成为新文化的一部分，同时又保留了自己文化的完整性。
retain[rɪteɪn]
retains, retaining, retained
1.[VERB] To retain something means to continue to have that thing.[FORMAL]
[V n] The interior of the shop still retains a nineteenth-century atmosphere...
[V n] He retains a deep respect for the profession...
[V n] Other countries retained their traditional and habitual ways of doing things...
[V n] If left covered in a warm place, this rice will retain its heat for a good hour.
Syn:keep
2.[VERB] If you retain a lawyer, you pay him or her a fee to make sure that he or she will represent you when your case comes before the court.[LEGAL]
[V n] He decided to retain him for the trial.
This is akin to the pathway into gang culture for young people around the world–a sense of alienation from family and society at large delivers them into the hands of older gang leaders. The counterculture for young Muslim men at odds with society nowadays is not gang culture but radical extremist factions that offer self-esteem and identity in exchange for allegiance to a violent and morally bankrupt manifesto.
akin[əkɪn]
[ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ to n] If one thing is akin to another, it is similar to it in some way.[FORMAL]
Cooking is a physical activity, more akin to woodwork or gardening than to reading or listening to music.
at large
You use at large to indicate that you are talking in a general way about most of the people mentioned.
I think the chances of getting reforms accepted by the community at large remain extremely remote…
faction[fækʃ(ə)n]
factions
1.[N-COUNT]A faction is an organized group of people within a larger group, which opposes some of the ideas of the larger group and fights for its own ideas. （大团体中的）派系，派别，小集团
A peace agreement will be signed by the leaders of the country's warring factions.
2.[N-UNCOUNT]Faction is also used to describe argument and disagreement within a group of people.
Faction and self-interest appear to be the norm.
Amongst the population at large the support for the present regime is virtually zero.
allegiance[əli:ʤ(ə)ns]
allegiances
[N-VAR: oft N to n] Your allegiance is your support for and loyalty to a particular group, person, or belief. （对政党、宗教、统治者的）忠诚，效忠，拥戴
My allegiance to Kendall and his company ran deep.
//...a community driven by strong ties and allegiances.
morally bankrupt
having or acting as if having no morals 道德败坏的
Collective community action has been a prominent feature in anti-gang strategies around the world, and may prove effective in opposing this new type of thuggery, starting with closer ties and cooperation between Muslim and non-Muslim communities and a concerted effort to open a dialogue with at-risk individuals.
thuggery
/ˈθʌgərɪ; ˈθʌɡəri/ N[U]
violent behaviour in which people fight and attack others 暴行，罪恶行径；
the problem of football thuggery 足球暴力的问题
concerted[kənsɜ:(r)tɪd]
1.[ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n] A concerted action is done by several people or groups working together.努力的；共同筹划决定的；同心协力的
Martin Parry, author of the report, says it's time for concerted action by world leaders.
2.[ADJ-GRADED: ADJ n] If you make a concerted effort to do something, you try very hard to do it.
He made a concerted effort to win me away from my steady, sweet but boring boyfriend.
Socioeconomic factors have also been implicated in the process of radicalisation (poverty, lack of opportunity, unemployment, poor education), and although this is conceivable, the evidence is limited.
implicated[ɪmplɪkeɪtɪd]
[ADJ: v-link ADJ, usu ADJ in n] If someone or something is implicated in a crime or a bad situation, they are involved in it or responsible for it.
See also:implicate
Eventually the President was implicated in the cover-up and in 1974 was forced to resign to avoid impeachment...
It is thought that this virus is implicated in the development of a number of illnesses.
As well as drawing recruits into the fold, extremist hate-preachers and the slick Isis propaganda machine play a significant role in converting the radicalised into actual terrorists.
into the fold
When someone joins an organization or group, you can say that they have come into the fold. When they leave the organization or group, you can say that they leave the fold.
The EC brought Spain, Greece and Portugal into the fold...
He might find it difficult to return to the family fold even when he realizes his mistake.
slick/slɪk/ adj.
(slick∙er, slick∙est)
1.(sometimes disapproving) done or made in a way that is clever and efficient but often does not seem to be sincere or lacks important ideas 华而不实的；虚有其表的；取巧的
a slick advertising campaign 华而不实的广告攻势
a slick performance 表面热闹但内容贫乏的演出
2.(sometimes disapproving) speaking very easily and smoothly but in a way that does not seem sincere 花言巧语的；能说会道的；油滑的 SYNGLIB
slick TV presenters 伶牙俐齿的电视节目主持人
a slick salesman 花言巧语的推销员
Perhaps those most likely to make the transition from radical to terrorist are the exceedingly vulnerable, who are highly susceptible to jihadi rhetoric, and narcissistic psychopaths, who might revelin the notoriety of being a terrorist.
susceptible/səˈseptəbl/ adj.
1. [not usually before noun] ~ (to sb/ sth) very likely to be influenced, harmed or affected by sb/ sth 易受影响（或伤害等）；敏感；过敏
He's highly susceptible to flattery. 他爱听恭维话。
Some of these plants are more susceptible to frost damage than others.
这些植物中有一些较其他的易受霜冻危害。
Salt intake may lead to raised blood pressure in susceptible adults.
盐的摄入可能导致易病的成年人血压升高。
2.easily influenced by feelings and emotions 好动感情的；感情丰富的；善感的 SYNIMPRESSIONABLE
She was both charming and susceptible. 她迷人而多情。
3. ~ (of sth) (formal) allowing sth; capable of sth 容许…的；可能…的；可以…的
Is this situation not susceptible of improvement by legislation?
这种状况有无可能通过立法加以改善？
revelin[rev(ə)l]
revels, revelling, revelled
(in AM, use reveling, reveled)
1.[VERB] If yourevel ina situation or experience, you enjoy it very much.
[V in n] Revelling in her freedom, she took a hotel room and stayed for several days even though she was expected home...
[V in n] Cats positively revel in heat, whether natural or man-made.
notoriety[noʊtərɑɪɪti]
[N-UNCOUNT] To achieve notoriety means to become well-known for something bad.
He achieved notoriety as chief counsel to President Nixon in the Watergate break-in.
//...Christian Lacroix, who gained notoriety as one of Paris's most flamboyant dress designers in the 1980s.
Moderate Muslim scholars need to provide the the ological ammunition to oppose the vile ideas peddled by extremist recruiters while security forces take action against them.
theological
[θɪəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l]
adjective
of or relating to the study of the nature of God and religious belief （有关）神学的
ammunition[æmjʊnɪʃ(ə)n]
1.[N-UNCOUNT] Ammunition is bullets and rockets that are made to be fired from guns.
He had only seven rounds of ammunition for the revolver.
2.[N-UNCOUNT] You can describe information that you can use against someone in an argument or discussion as ammunition. （辩论中可攻击对方的）信息，事实，炮弹
The improved trade figures have given the government fresh ammunition.
peddle/ˈpedl/ verb [VN]
1.to try to sell goods by going from house to house or from place to place 挨户销售；巡回销售
He worked as a door-to-door salesman peddling cloths and brushes.
他的工作是上门推销抹布和刷子。
to peddle illegal drugs 贩卖毒品
2.to spread an idea or story in order to get people to accept it 兜售，宣传，传播（思想、消息）
to peddle malicious gossip 散布恶意的流言蜚语
This line (= publicly stated opinion) is being peddled by all the government spokesmen.
所有的政府发言人都在宣扬这个官方路线。
recruiter
noun BrE //rɪˈkruːtə(r)//; NAmE //rɪˈkruːtər//
a person whose job is to find new people to join a company, an organization, the armed forces, etc.
a survey of corporate recruiters
Day3 神句、神词组+思维导图
神句
1.Some will have you believe that Islam is at fault since verses of the Qur’an legitimize such violence, while their opponents point out that the ideology fuelling these acts of terroris a twisted perversion of the religion.
有些会让你觉得伊斯兰教要对此事负责，因为可兰经中部分经文允许类似的暴力行为。但是反对者指出，认为意识形态助长了恐怖行为，其实是误解和扭曲了宗教。
参考译文：有些人会试图让你相信伊斯兰教是罪魁祸首，因为古兰经的经文为这种暴力行径提供了辩护。而持反对意见的人则指出：导致恐怖行为的思想体系其实是对伊斯兰教的变态扭曲。
Have sb do sth=let sb do sth=make sb do sth
Be at fault:deserving blame
Qur’an: the holy book on which the religion of Islam is based.
Ideology fueling these acts of terror: fueling=driving
2.Western policy has often been cited as an important driver, but there are countless law-abiding British citizens of all faiths who disagree with recent foreign policy who do not feel compelled to wreak bloody havoc on account of it.
西方政策经常被诟病是重要驱动因素，但是别忘了，不满近期外交政策的人当中，有数不胜数遵纪守法的英国公民，但他们也没有因此就酝酿一场血腥浩劫。
参考译文：西方政策经常被认为是一个重要的诱因，然而，无数不赞成近期外交政策的英国公民并没有因此而觉得非得发动血腥暴乱，他们秉持不同信仰且遵纪守法。
这个句子需要花点功夫琢磨才能破解。两个 who 并列修饰 countless law-abiding British citizens，但两个who后面的内容在逻辑上是转折关系，无数不赞成外交政策的人，并没有因此气急败坏，相反，他们遵纪守法。
3.For those who find themselves at odds with the culture of their parents, and yet are met with hostility from the culture of the society they live in, exiting the acculturation paradigm to embrace a third culture that provides them with a sense of belonging may be an appealing option. In this case their minds become fertile ground for radicalization.
移民当中，有些人在家和父母的文化传统存在分歧，在外又要面对所处社会和文化对他们的敌意。这时候，涵化范式让他们感到兴奋。对他们来说，投向第三种文化，找到归属感，不失为好选择。此时，他们的思想就成了激进的温床。
参考译文：对那些和父母观念冲突，在社会中又满遭敌意的人而言，退出文化适应模式加入能给他们带来归属感的第三种文化就成了具有吸引力的一个选择。在这种情况下，激进主义很容易在这些人脑中滋生。
4.Perhaps the low self-esteem brought on by marginalization is the mediator here, traded readily by some disaffected Muslim youths for the perceived sense of purpose and status associated with being a jihadi.
边缘化让他们感到自卑，或许这正是问题关键所在。一些愤愤不平的穆斯林青年欣然换取成为圣战分子的使命感和地位。
参考译文：也许由边缘化带来的低自尊是主要载体，愤愤不平的穆斯林青年满心想通过成为圣战分子把它转变成自认为的使命感和地位感。
Perceived sense of："perceived" 这个词应该来说是英语里特别精妙的一个词，汉语里很难找到直接对应词。指的是自己的主观认知，通常与客观事实都有一段距离。What you perceive is just your interpretation of the reality instead of the reality itself.
5. Although the factors that lead to radicalization are still poorly understood, and areas complex as the acts of terror are devastating, some common themes are evident, and we should respond accordingly.
尽管人们对造成激进化的原因仍知之甚少，并且通过恐怖行动的强大毁灭性，可以想见原因也必然相当复杂。但其中不乏显而易见的原因，我们应采取相应行动。
参考译文：尽管导致激进主义的原因依然不明，且其复杂程度堪比恐怖行径带来的灾难规模，但有一些线索还是相当明显，需要我们采取相应的措施。
Factors as complex as the acts of terror are devastating这个罕见的用法在群里已经解析过很多次了。
Factors-------------------complex
Acts of terror------------devastating
上下左右分别相互对应，本句主干：Although factors are complex, some common themes are evident.
神词组
1.Feel compelled to do sth: 必须.../有必要...
2.Pose a challenge for: 对...构成威胁
3.Radical extremist faction 极端激进派别
4.Be highly susceptible to jihadi rhetoric 易受圣战言论的影响
5.Counter-narrative 反叙述 相反的论调
6.Address the factors 解决造成...的因素
7.Take a fresh approach to 采取新办法
思维导图
我的版本
笃师版本
Day 4 附加阅读
Shakespeare Lives
British Prime Minister David Cameron
It is a moment to celebrate the extraordinary ongoing influence of a man who – to borrow from his own description of Julius Caesar –“doth bestride the narrow world like a Colossus.”
凯歇斯 嘿，老兄，他像一个巨人似的跨越这狭隘的世界;
我们这些渺小的凡人一个个在他粗大的两腿下行走，
四处张望着，替自己寻找不光荣的坟墓。
人们有时可以支配他们自己的命运;
要是我们受制于人，亲爱的勃鲁托斯，那错处并不在我们的命运，而在我们自己。
CASSIUS. Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world
Like a Colossus, and we petty men
Walk under his huge legs and peep about
To find ourselves dishonorable graves.
Men at some time are masters of their fates:
The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars,
But in ourselves that we are underlings.
<>第一幕第二场，Cassius策动Brutus去刺杀Caesar时说的一段话。
Shakespeare’s legacy is without parallel: his works translated into over 100 languages and studied by half the world’s schoolchildren.
parallel[pærəlel]
parallels, parallelling, parallelled
(in AM, use paralleling, paralleled)
1[N-COUNT]If something has a parallel, it is similar to something else, but exists or happens in a different place or at a different time. If it has no parallel or is without parallel, it is not similar to anything else.
Readers familiar with English history will find a vague parallel to the suppression of the monasteries...
It's an ecological disaster with no parallel anywhere else in the world.
//...an achievement without parallel in the modern era.
I remember from my own childhood how many of them are found for the first time in Henry V. Words like dishearten, divest, addiction, motionless, leapfrog– and phrases like “once more unto the breach”, “band of brothers” and “heart of gold” – have all passed into our language today with no need to reference their original context.
dishearten
/dɪsˈhɑ:tn; NAmE -ˈhɑ:rtn/ verb [VN] to make sb lose hope or confidence 使沮丧；使失去信心；使灰心SYNDISCOURAGE
Don't let this defeat dishearten you.不要因这次失败而气馁。
dis∙heart∙ened adj.
a disheartened team丧失信心的团队
dis∙heart∙en∙ing /-ˈhɑ:tnɪŋ; NAmE -ˈhɑ:rt-/ adj.
a disheartening experience令人沮丧的经历
divest[daɪvest, AM dɪ-]
divests, divesting, divested
1.[VERB]If you divest yourself of something that you own or are responsible for, you get rid of it or stop being responsible for it.[FORMAL]
[V pron-refl of n]The company divested itself of its oil interests.
2.[VERB]If something or someone is divested of a particular quality, they lose that quality or it is taken away from them.[FORMAL]
[be V-ed of n]//...in the 1960s, when sexual love had been divested of sin...
[V n of n]They have divested rituals of their original meaning...
[V-ed]Divested of the hype surrounding its launch, the show can now emerge as a full-fledged classic.
3.[VERB]If you divest someone of something that they are wearing or carrying, you take it off them or away from them.[OLD-FASHIONED]
[V n of n]//...the formalities of divesting her of her coat.
[V pron-refl of n]//...detectors installed at the entrances to make youngsters divest themselves of guns and knives. [Also V n]
leapfrog
[li:pfrɒg, AM -frɔ:g]
leapfrogs, leapfrogging, leapfrogged
1.[N-UNCOUNT]Leapfrog is a game which children play, in which a child bends over, while others jump over their back.
//...children engaged in activities such as riding, playing leapfrog, or football.
2.[VERB]If one group of people leapfrogs into a particular position or leapfrogs someone else, they use the achievements of another person or group in order to make advances of their own.
[V prep]It is already obvious that all four American systems have leapfrogged over the European versions...
[V n]American researchers have now leapfrogged the Japanese and are going to produce a digital system within a year or two.
Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more
Meaning:Let us try again one more time.
Origin:'Once more unto the breach' - is from the 'Cry God for Harry, England, and Saint George!' speech of Shakespeare's Henry V, Act III, 1598.
once more unto the breachThe most celebrated rendition of the speech comes from Laurence Olivier's performance in the 1944 film The Chronicle History of King Henry the Fift with His Battell Fought at Agincourt in France, better known to the world just as Henry V.
The breach in question is the gap in the wall of the city of Harfleur, which the English army held under siege. Henry was encouraging his troops to attack the city again, even if they have to 'close the wall with English dead'.
KING HENRY V:
Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more;
Or close the wall up with our English dead.
In peace there's nothing so becomes a man
As modest stillness and humility:
But when the blast of war blows in our ears,
Then imitate the action of the tiger;
Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood,
Disguise fair nature with hard-favour'd rage;
Then lend the eye a terrible aspect;
Let pry through the portage of the head
Like the brass cannon; let the brow o'erwhelm it
As fearfully as doth a galled rock
O'erhang and jutty his confounded base,
Swill'd with the wild and wasteful ocean.
Now set the teeth and stretch the nostril wide,
Hold hard the breath and bend up every spirit
To his full height. On, on, you noblest English.
Whose blood is fet from fathers of war-proof!
Fathers that, like so many Alexanders,
Have in these parts from morn till even fought
And sheathed their swords for lack of argument:
Dishonour not your mothers; now attest
That those whom you call'd fathers did beget you.
Be copy now to men of grosser blood,
And teach them how to war. And you, good yeoman,
Whose limbs were made in England, show us here
The mettle of your pasture; let us swear
That you are worth your breeding; which I doubt not;
For there is none of you so mean and base,
That hath not noble lustre in your eyes.
I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips,
Straining upon the start. The game's afoot:
Follow your spirit, and upon this charge
Cry 'God for Harry, England, and Saint George!'
Shakespeare also pioneered innovative use of grammatical form and structure – including verse without rhymes,superlativesand the connecting of existing words to make new words, like bloodstained – while the pre-eminenceof his plays also did much to standardise spelling and grammar.
Superlative[su:pɜ:(r)lətɪv]
superlatives
1.[ADJ]If you describe something as superlative, you mean that it is extremely good.
Some superlative wines are made in this region...
The Regent hotel has a superlative view of Hong Kong island.
Derived word:superlatively
[ADV]The Philharmonia played this staggeringly difficult music superlatively well.
2.[N-COUNT: usu pl]If someone uses superlatives to describe something, they use adjectives and expressions which indicate that it is extremely good.
//...a spectacle which has critics world-wide reaching for superlatives.
3.[ADJ: ADJ n]In grammar, the superlative form of an adjective or adverb is the form that indicates that something has more of a quality than anything else in a group. For example, `biggest' is the superlative form of `big'. Compare comparative.
[N-COUNT]Superlative is also a noun.
//...his tendency towards superlatives and exaggeration.
eminence
/ˈɛmənəns; ˈemɪnəns/ N
1.[U] the quality of being famous and important杰出，卓越：
of great/such etc eminence
a scientist of great eminence出类拔萃的科学家
2.Your/His Eminence a title used when talking to or about a CARDINAL (=priest of high rank in the Roman Catholic Church)阁下，大人〔对天主教红衣主教的尊称〕
3.[C] literary a hill or area of high ground【文】山丘；高地
Shakespeare’s influence is everywhere, from Dickens and Goethe to Tchaikovsky, Verdi and Brahms; from West Side Story to the Hamlet-inspired title of Agatha Christie’s “The Mousetrap” – the longest-running theatre production in London’s West End today.
The Mousetrap捕鼠器
The Mousetrap is amurder mysteryplaybyAgatha Christie. The Mousetrap opened in London'sWest Endin 1952, and has been running continuously since then. Thelongest running West End show, it has by far the longest initial run of any play in history, with its 25,000th performance taking place on 18 November 2012.The play is known for itstwist ending, which the audience are traditionally asked not to reveal after leaving the theatre.
The West End of London (commonly referred to as the West End) is an area of Central and West London in which many of the city's major tourist attractions, shops, businesses, government buildings and entertainment venues, including West End theatres, are concentrated.
West End of London
Use of the term began in the early 19th century to describe fashionable areas to the west of Charing Cross. The West End covers much of the boroughs of Westminster and Camden.
While the City of London, or the Square Mile, is the main business and financial district in London, the West End is the main commercial and entertainment centre of the city. It is the largest central business district in the United Kingdom, comparable to Midtown Manhattan in New York City, the Gangnam District in Seoul, Shibuya in Tokyo, Sol in Madrid or the 8th arrondissement in Paris and EUR in Rome. It is one of the most expensive locations in the world in which to rent office space, just behind Silicon Valley's Sand Hill Road.
As we see from the outreach work of the Royal Shakespeare Company and Shakespeare’s Globe and the impact of pioneering British charities like the Shakespeare Schools Festival, studying and performing Shakespeare can help improve literacy, confidence and wider educational attainment.
Outreach[ɑʊtri:tʃ]
[N-UNCOUNT: usu N n]Outreach programmes and schemes try to find people who need help or advice rather than waiting for those people to come and ask for help.
Their brief is to undertake outreach work essentially aimed at the young African Caribbeans on the South Acton Estate.
Attainment[əteɪnmənt]
attainments
1.[N-UNCOUNT]The attainment of an aim is the achieving of it.[FORMAL]
//...the attainment of independence.
Syn:achievement
2.[N-COUNT]An attainment is a skill you have learned or something you have achieved.[FORMAL]
//...their educational attainments.
�You can share your favourite moment of Shakespeare on social media, watch never-before-seen performances on stage, film and online, visit exhibitions, take part in workshops and debates, and access new Shakespearean educational resources to get togrips with the English language.
Get to grips with
If you get to grips with a problem or if you come to grips with it, you consider it seriously, and start taking action to deal with it.
The government's first task is to get to grips with the economy.
Day5 输出
“We won't take defeat and we don’t want your pity,” roared Tony Walsh, a local poet, at a vigil in Manchester on May 23rd for the 22 people, some of them children, who were murdered in a suicide-bomb attack in the city the previous evening. Muslim charities were present as Sikhs gave out free drinks to the crowd, whose members held placards with slogans such as “Hate does not resolve Hate”. It was a conscious display of unity in the face of Britain’s deadliest terrorist attack since July 7th 2005.
Terrorists always set out to slaughter the innocent. On May 22nd, Ariana Grande, a confident, sexually liberated woman who inspires teenage girls, gave a concert in Manchester. After the show, a suicide-bomber detonated a device packed with metal nuts and bolts, injuring over 60 and killing 22. As with the school massacres in Beslan in Russia in 2004 and Peshawar in Pakistan in 2014, the aim was to strike people where they are most vulnerable—as parents and grandparents and uncles and aunts. It succeeded. For Britain, which had been spared deadly bomb blasts since the attacks in London in 2005, this was proof of how hard it is to foil every plot every time. For the world, which suffers attacks continually, it raises once again the question of how to stop people who are determined to kill.
Although the factors that lead to radicalisation are still poorly understood, and are as complex as the acts of terror are devastating, some common themes are evident, and we should respond accordingly. One contributing factor might be a concept drawn from the world of cultural psychiatry: acculturation–the process of balancing two competing cultural influences.
Maybe the best answer to a suicide-bomber is the collective community action, which has been a prominent feature in anti-gang strategies around the world, and may prove effective in opposing this new type of thuggery, starting with closer ties and cooperation between Muslim and non-Muslim communities and a concerted effort to open a dialogue with at-risk individuals.
Moderate Muslim scholars need to provide the theological ammunition to oppose the vile ideas peddled by extremist recruiters while security forces take action against them. And the media must present a counter-narrative to Isis propaganda, showing young Muslims they are accepted in the west and can find their sense of belonging here. The next government would do well to shift the focus of the Prevent strategy from community policing (which causes distrust) to community engagement, as well as taking a fresh approach to foreign policy and making efforts to reduce rather than proliferate social inequality for minority groups.
Finally, Muslim parents should be flexible in their demands that their children follow their cultural values and traditions where these are unlikely to lead to a favourable acculturation outcome for them. After all, nothing can be worse for a Muslim immigrant parent who builds a new home in the west, with hopes and dreams for their family, than to see their child become a murderous suicide bomber.
参考文章：
After the bomb, the hunt, the Economist, May 27th-June 2nd 2017
Almost is never enough, the Economist, May 27th-June 2nd 2017
Why Do Some Young People Become Jihadis? Psychiatry Offers Answers, the Guardian, May 26, 2017
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