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3D printing and brands

Background information

1. Guardians of the Galaxy (retroactively referred to as Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 1) is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the tenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The film was directed by James Gunn, who wrote the screenplay with Nicole Perlman, and features an ensemble cast including Chris Pratt andZoe Saldana.

2. Škoda Auto more commonly known as Škoda, is a Czech automobile manufacturer founded in 1895 as Laurin & Klement. It is headquartered in Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic. In 2000

Škoda became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group.

Initially, the company was meant to serve the role of VW Group’s entry brand. Over time, however, the Škoda brand has shifted progressively more upmarket, with most models on space. Its total global sales reached 1.13 million cars in 2016 and had risen annually by 6.8 percent, profit rose by 6.5% in 2015.

3. Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premiumcable and satellite televisionnetwork that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. Many famous TV series such as The Walking Dead, Sex and the City, Band of Brothers, Rome are produced by this company.

4. Groot (/ɡruːt/) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Tales to Astonish #13 (November 1960). An extraterrestrial, sentient tree-like creature, the original Groot first appeared as an invader that intended to capture humans for experimentation.The character was reintroduced as a heroic, noble being in 2006, and appeared in the crossover comic book storyline "Annihilation: Conquest". Groot went on to star in its spin-off series, Guardians of the Galaxy, joining the team of the same name.

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For the first reading

the theme of this article is about the spread of 3D printing creates intellectual-property headaches, from brands, movies and cultural memes, such as HBO.

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For the second reading

3D printing and brands

The spread of 3D printing creates intellectual-property headaches

1.Intellectual_propertynoun [U] LEGAL someone's idea, invention, creation, etc., which can be protected by law from being copied by someone else

  Intellectual_property  (IP) refers to creations of the intellect for which a monopoly is assigned to designated owners by law.[1] Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are the rights granted to the creators of IP, and include trademarks, copyright, patents, industrial design rights, and in some jurisdictions trade secrets.[2] Artistic works including music and literature, as well as discoveries, inventions, words, phrases, symbols, and designs can all be protected as intellectual property.

P1 Word & Phrase：

1. retailer /ˈriːteɪlə US -ər/ n [C]a person or business that sells goods to customers in a shop

2. enthusiast /ɪnˈθjuː.zi.æst/ US /-ˈθuː-/ noun [C] a person who is very interested in and involved with a particular subject or activity

3. arboreal /ɑːˈbɔːriəl US ɑːr-/ adj (technical or literary) relating to trees, or living in trees

4. search for 寻找，搜索

Sentence:

1. He spent four days perfecting the design and its printability before uploading his creation to Thingiverse, an online 3D-printing community based in New York.

P2 Word & Phrase：

1. crafts (SKILL) /krɑːft/ US /kræft/ noun [C or U] plural crafts  (a job or activity needing) skill and experience, especially in relation to making objects

2. fictional /ˈfɪkʃənəl/ adj  fictional people, events etc are imaginary and from a book or story

3. artisanal adjective

    1) pertaining to or noting a person skilled in an applied art

    2) pertaining to or noting a high-quality or distinctive product made in small quantities, usually by hand or using traditional methods: artisanal cheese

P3 Word & Phrase：

1. desktop /ˈdesktɔp US -tɑːp/ n [C] the main area on a computer where you can find the icons that represent programs, and where you can do things to manage the information on the computer

Sentence:

1. As the 3D-printing community grows, companies that own well-known brands, such as media firms, are having to pay closer attention.

P4 Word & Phrase：

1. subscription /səbˈskrɪp.ʃən/ noun [C] (INFORMAL sub) an amount of money that you pay regularly to receive a product or service or to be a member of an organization

2. in homage to 向...致敬

Sentence：

1. HBO, a subscription-TV firm owned by Time Warner, recently sent such a notice to a Thingiverse user who had 3D-printed an Iron Throne iPhone holder, in homage to its series “Game of Thrones”.

P5 Sentence：

1. Disney thinks it has a way to foil computer scanners, which can generate a digital model of an item, by adding reflective material to its plastic products.

2. In 2016 it started selling its own 3D-printed versions of its Star Wars characters through Shapeways, an American online 3D-printing service, which allows goods to be printed on demand when ordered by people without their own 3D printers.

P6 Word & Phrase：

1. conglomerate (COMPANY) /kənˈglɒm.ər.ət/ US /-ˈglɑː.mɚ-/ noun [C]   a company that owns several smaller businesses whose products or services are usually very different

2. studio (ARTIST'S ROOM) /ˈstjuː.di.əʊ/ US /ˈstuː.di.oʊ/ noun [C] plural studios

    1) a room in which an artist works, especially a painter or photographer

    2) a company making artistic or photographic products

Sentence:

1. Although Sculpteo is responsible for printing the cars, being able to customize its design gives fans greater control.

P7 Word & Phrase：

1. prototype /ˈprəʊ.tə.taɪp/ US /ˈproʊ.ţə-/ noun [C] the first example of something, such as a machine or other industrial product, from which all later forms are developed

Sentence:

1. Indeed, although only a fifth of Sculpteo’s total orders come from individuals wanting 3D-printing services, about half of the items it makes end up in the hands of consumers.

P8 Word & Phrase：

1. behalf of 代表

2. crummy /ˈkrʌmi/ adj informal    of bad quality or unpleasant

3. collaborate (WORK WITH) /kəˈlæb.ə.reɪt/ verb [I]  to work with someone else for a special purpose

4. notable /ˈnəʊ.tə.bļ/ US /ˈnoʊ.ţə-/ adjective   important and deserving attention, because very good or interesting

5. interact /ˌɪn.təˈrækt/ US /-ţɚˈækt/ verb [I]   to communicate with or react to

Sentence：

1. A firm called MyMiniFactory, which is based in London, works on behalf of brands to source high-quality 3D digital models from individuals for corporate websites.

2. This avoids valuable IP being displayed next to crummy models that may well fall apart when printed.

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背诵 word, phrase and sentence