习题39
ten_things = "Apples Oranges Crows Telephone Light Sugar"
print ("Wait there's not 10 things in that list, let's fix that." )
#调用split方法，split()是拆分字符串，根据空格来拆分.就是说对ten_things 进行拆分
stuff = ten_things.split(' ')
#more_stuff 是一个数组
more_stuff = ["Day", "Night", "Song", "Frisbee", "Corn", "Banana", "Girl", "Boy"]
#循环
#当stuff的个数不等于10的时候
#next_one的值就是对more_stuff数组进行pop。pop() 函数用于移除列表中的一个元素（默认最后一个元素），并且返回该元素的值。
#然后输出next_one 的值
#
while len(stuff) != 10:
next_one = more_stuff.pop()
print ("Adding: ", next_one)
#对stuff进行append操作，就是对最前面那个数组根据空格分组，然后将刚刚的字符增加在数组后面
stuff.append(next_one)
#输出stuff的长度
print ("There's %d items now." % len(stuff))
print ("There we go: ", stuff)
print ("Let's do some things with stuff.")
#输出stuff数组的第二个元素
print (stuff[1])
#输出stuff数组的最后一个元素
print (stuff[-1])
print (stuff.pop())
print (' '.join(stuff))
print ('#'.join(stuff[3:5]))
python面向对象介绍
类(Class): 用来描述具有相同的属性和方法的对象的集合。它定义了该集合中每个对象所共有的属性和方法。对象是类的实例。
习题40
#定义了一个字典
cities = {'CA': 'San Francisco', 'MI': 'Detroit','FL': 'Jacksonville'}
#增加了两个字典元素
cities['NY'] = 'New York'
cities['OR'] = 'Portland'
#定义了一个find_city函数，该函数有两个元素
#如果state在themap中
#就返回themap[state]的值
#不然就返回“Not found.”
def find_city(themap, state):
if state in themap:
return themap[state]
else:
return "Not found."
#运行find_city函数，将运行的结果赋值给cities字典的_find key值
cities['_find'] = find_city
#当为真的时候
#打印
#如果没有输入的话就结束
while True:
print ("State? (ENTER to quit)",)
state = input("> ")
if not state: break
city_found = cities['_find'](cities, state)
print （city_found）
有关字典的一点特点：
1.不允许同一个键出现两次。创建时如果同一个键被赋值两次，后一个值会被记住。
2.键必须不可变，所以可以用数字，字符串或元组充当，而用列表就不行。
试着把 for-loop 执行到 dict 上面，然后试着在 for-loop 中使用 dict
的 items() 函数，看看会有什么样的结果。
items() 函数介绍
items() 函数以列表返回可遍历的(键, 值) 元组数组
dict = {'Google': 'www.google.com', 'Runoob': 'www.runoob.com', 'taobao': 'www.taobao.com'}
print ("字典值 : %s" % dict.items())
# 遍历字典列表
for key, values in dict.items():
print (key, values)
运行结果
习题41
from sys import exit
from random import randint
def death():
quips = ["You died. You kinda suck at this."
"Nice job, you died ...jackass.",
"Such a luser.",
"I have a small puppy that's better at this."]
print (quips[randint(0, len(quips) - 1)])
exit(1)
def central_corridor():
print ("The Gothons of Planet Percal #25 have invaded your ship and destroyed")
print ("your entire crew. You are the last surviving member and your last")
print ("mission is to get the neutron destruct bomb from the Weapons Armory,")
print ("put it in the bridge, and blow the ship up after getting into an ")
print ( "escape pod.")
print ("\n")
print ("You're running down the central corridor to the Weapons Armory when")
print ("a Gothon jumps out, red scaly skin, dark grimy teeth, and evil clown costume")
print ("flowing around his hate filled body. He's blocking the door to the")
print ("Armory and about to pull a weapon to blast you.")
action = input("> ")
if action == "shoot!":
print ("Quick on the draw you yank out your blaster and fire it at the Gothon.")
print ("His clown costume is flowing and moving around his body, which throws")
print ("off your aim. Your laser hits his costume but misses him entirely. This")
print ("completely ruins his brand new costume his" \
"mother bought him, which")
print ("makes him fly into an insane rage and blast you repeatedly in the face until")
print ("you are dead. Then he eats you.")
return 'death'
elif action == "dodge!":
print ("Like a world class boxer you dodge, weave, slip and slide right")
print ("as the Gothon's blaster cranks a laser past your head.")
print ("In the middle of your artful dodge your foot slips and you")
print ("bang your head on the metal wall and pass out.")
print ("You wake up shortly after only to die as the Gothon stomps on")
print ("your head and eats you.")
return 'death'
elif action == "tell a joke":
print ("Lucky for you they made you learn Gothon insults in the academy.")
print ("You tell the one Gothon joke you know:")
print ("Lbhe zbgure vf fb sng, jura fur fvgf nebhaq gur ubhfr, fur fvgf nebhaq gur ubhfr.")
print ("The Gothon stops, tries not to laugh, then busts out laughing and can't move.")
print ("While he's laughing you run up and shoot him square in the head ")
print ("putting him down, then jump through the Weapon Armory door.")
return 'laser_weapon_armory'
else:
print ("DOES NOT COMPUTE!")
return 'central_corridor'
def laser_weapon_armory():
print ("You do a dive roll into the Weapon Armory, crouch and scan the room")
print ("for more Gothons that might be hiding. It's dead quiet, too quiet.")
print ("You stand up and run to the far side of the room and find the")
print ("neutron bomb in its container. There's a keypad lock on the box")
print ("and you need the code to get the bomb out. If you get the code")
print ("wrong 10 times then the lock closes forever and you can't")
print ("get the bomb. The code is 3 digits.")
code = "%d%d%d" % (randint(1,9), randint(1,9),randint(1,9))
guess = input("[keypad]> ")
guesses = 0
while guess != code and guesses < 10:
print ("BZZZZEDDD!")
guesses += 1
guess = input("[keypad]> ")
if guess == code:
print ("The container clicks open and the seal breaks,letting gas out.")
print ("You grab the neutron bomb and run as fast as you can to the ")
print ("bridge where you must place it in the right spot. ")
return 'the_bridge'
else:
print ("The lock buzzes one last time and then you hear a sickening")
print ("melting sound as the mechanism is fused together.")
print ("You decide to sit there, and finally the Gothons blow up the ")
print ("ship from their ship and you die.")
return 'death'
def the_bridge():
print ("You burst onto the Bridge with the neutron destruct bomb ")
print ("under your arm and surprise 5 Gothons who are trying to ")
print ("take control of the ship. Each of them has an even uglier ")
print ("clown costume than the last. They haven't pulled their")
print ("weapons out yet, as they see the active bomb under your")
print ("arm and don't want to set it off.")
action = input("> ")
if action == "throw the bomb":
print ("In a panic you throw the bomb at the group of Gothons")
print ("and make a leap for the door. Right as you drop it a ")
print ("Gothon shoots you right in the back killing you. ")
print ("As you die you see another Gothon frantically try to disarm")
print ("the bomb. You die knowing they will probably blow up when")
print ("it goes off.")
return 'death'
elif action == "slowly place the bomb":
print ("You point your blaster at the bomb under your arm")
print ("and the Gothons put their hands up and start to sweat. ")
print ("You inch backward to the door, open it, and then carefully ")
print ("place the bomb on the floor, pointing your blaster at it. ")
print ("You then jump back through the door, punch the close button ")
print ("and blast the lock so the Gothons can't get out.")
print ("Now that the bomb is placed you run to the escape pod to")
print ("get off this tin can.")
return 'escape_pod'
else:
print ("DOES NOT COMPUTE!")
return "the_bridge"
def escape_pod():
print ("You rush through the ship desperately trying to make it to")
print ("the escape pod before the whole ship explodes. It seems like")
print ("hardly any Gothons are on the ship, so your run is clear of")
print ("interference. You get to the chamber with the escape pods, and ")
print ("now need to pick one to take. Some of them could be damaged")
print ("but you don't have time to look. There's 5 pods, which one")
print ("do you take?")
good_pod = randint(1, 5)
guess = input("[pod #]> ")
if int(guess) != good_pod:
print ("You jump into pod %s and hit the eject button." %guess)
print ("The pod escapes out into the void of space,then ")
print ("implodes as the hull ruptures, crushing your body ")
print ("into jam jelly.")
return 'death'
else:
print ("You jump into pod %s and hit the eject button." %guess)
print ("The pod easily slides out into space heading to")
print ("the planet below. As it flies to the planet,you look")
print ("back and see your ship implode then explode like a")
print ("bright star, taking out the Gothon ship at the same")
print ("time. You won!")
exit(0)
ROOMS = {
'death': death,
'central_corridor': central_corridor,
'laser_weapon_armory': laser_weapon_armory,
'the_bridge': the_bridge,
'escape_pod': escape_pod
}
def runner(map, start):
next = start
while True:
room = map[next]
print ("\n--------")
next = room()
runner(ROOMS, 'central_corridor')
除了让每个函数打印自己以外，再学习一下“文档字符串(doc strings)”式的注解。看看你能不能将房间描述写成文档注解，然后修改运行它的代码，让它把文档注解打印出来。
print(" XXXX")
print("AAAAA")
可以修改为
print(""" XXXX
AAAAA"")
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