Day 1 words&phrases
encounter
CET4 TEM4 ( encountering, encountered, encounters )
1.V-T If you encounter problems or difficulties, you experience them. 遭遇
例：Every day of our lives we encounter major and minor stresses of one kind or another.
生活中的每一天，我们会遇到或大或小的这样那样的压力。
2.V-T If you encounter someone, you meet them, usually unexpectedly. 邂逅 [正式]
例：Did you encounter anyone in the building?
你在那栋大楼里偶然遇到什么人了吗？
3.N-COUNT An encounter with someone is a meeting with them, particularly one that is unexpected or significant. 邂逅
例：The author tells of a remarkable encounter with a group of South Vietnamese soldiers.
作者讲述了他与一群南越士兵的惊人邂逅。
4.N-COUNT An encounter is a particular type of experience. 特殊经历
例：...a sexual encounter.…一次性经历。
reassess
V-TIf youreassesssomething, you think about it and decide whether you need to change your opinion about it. 重新评价
例：I will reassess the situation when I get home.
我回家之后将对情况重新评估一番。
profile
1.N-COUNTYourprofileis the outline of your face as it is seen when someone is looking at you from the side. (面部的) 侧面轮廓
例：His handsome profile was turned away from us.
他英俊的侧面轮廓转离了我们。
2.N-UNCOUNTIf you see someonein profile, you see them from the side. 从侧面
例：This picture shows the girl in profile.
这张照片从侧面显示该女孩。
3.N-COUNTAprofile ofsomeone is a short article or programme in which their life and character are described. (有关某人的) 简介
例：A Washington newspaper published comparative profiles of the candidates' wives.
一家华盛顿的报纸刊登了候选人妻子们的对比简介。
4.N-COUNTIf the police make aprofileofsomeone they are looking for, they write a description of the sort of person they are looking for. (书面的) 描述[oft N 'of' n]
例：...the FBI profile of the anthrax killer.
…联邦调查局对那名炭疽杀人犯的描述。
5.profilingN-UNCOUNT进行描画[usu with supp]
例：...a former FBI agent who pioneered psychological profiling in the 1970s.
…在20世纪70年代开创了犯罪心理描画的一名前联邦调查局特工。
例：DNA profiling would now be added to the struggle against vandalism.
DNA描画如今也许会被加到对抗故意破坏公共财物的斗争中。
6.PHRASEIf someone has ahigh profile, people notice them and what they do. If youkeep alow profile, you avoid doing things that will make people notice you. 高关注度
例：...a move that would give Egypt a much higher profile in the upcoming peace talks.
…会给埃及在即将到来的和平谈判中高关注度的一个行动。
7.→ see alsohigh-profile
carapace
1.N-COUNTAcarapaceis the protective shell on the back of some animals such as tortoises or crabs. (龟、蟹等的)甲壳[正式]
2.N-COUNTYou can refer to an attitude that someone has in order to protect themselves as theircarapace. 保护壳[文学性][usu with supp]
例：The arrogance became his protective carapace.
傲慢成了他的保护壳。
qualm
N-COUNTIf you have noqualmsabout doing something, you are not worried that it may be wrong in some way. 疑虑
例：I have no qualms about recommending the same approach to other doctors.
我对把同一方法推荐给其他医生没有任何疑虑。
throng
1.N-COUNTAthrongis a large crowd of people. 一大群人[文学性]
例：An official pushed through the throng.
一位官员从人群中挤过。
2.V-IWhen peoplethrongsomewhere, they go there in great numbers. (人群) 涌向[文学性]
例：The crowds thronged into the stadium.
人群涌进了体育馆。
consultant
consultant/kənˈsʌltənt/CET4 TEM4( consultants )
1.N-COUNTAconsultantis a person who gives expert advice to a person or organization on a particular subject. 顾问
例：She is a consultant to the government.
她是政府顾问。
2.N-COUNTAconsultantis an experienced doctor with a high position, who specializes in one area of medicine. 顾问医生[英国英语]
hegemony
N-UNCOUNTHegemonyis a situation in which one country, organization, or group has more power, control, or importance than others. 霸权[正式]
befall
V-TIf something bad or unluckybefallsyou, it happens to you. (不好的或不幸的)降临[文学性]
deputy secretary of state国务秘书
subtle
1.ADJSomething that issubtleis not immediately obvious or noticeable. 不易察觉的
例....the slow and subtle changes that take place in all living things.
…所有生物中发生的缓慢而不易察觉的变化。
2.subtlyADV不易察觉地
例：The truth is subtly different.事实略有不同。
3.ADJAsubtleperson cleverly uses indirect methods to achieve something. 不露声色的
例：I even began to exploit him in subtle ways.
我甚至开始不露声色地利用他。
4.subtlyADV不露声色地[ADV with v]
例：Nathan is subtly trying to turn her against Barry.
内森在尽力不露声色地使她转而反对巴里。
5.ADJSubtlesmells, tastes, sounds, or colours are pleasantly complex and delicate. 淡的; 精妙的
例：...subtle shades of brown.…各种淡棕色。
6.subtlyADV淡地; 精妙地
例：...a white sofa teamed with subtly coloured rugs.
…一张铺着色彩淡雅的小垫的白色沙发。
amplify
1.V-T If you amplify a sound, you make it louder, usually by using electronic equipment. 扩大 (声音)
例：This landscape seemed to trap and amplify sounds.
这种地形好像能聚拢和扩大声音。
例：The music was amplified with microphones.
那音乐被麦克风扩大了。
2.amplification N-UNCOUNT 扩音
例：...a voice that needed no amplification.
…一个不需要扩音的嗓门。
3.V-T To amplify something means to increase its strength or intensity. 增强
例：The mist had been replaced by a kind of haze that seemed to amplify the heat.
这薄雾已经被一种热汽代替了，这似乎加重了炎热的程度。
realm
1.N-COUNT You can use realm to refer to any area of activity, interest, or thought. (活动、兴趣、思想的) 领域 [正式]
例：...the realm of politics.
…政治领域。
2.N-COUNTArealmis a country that has a king or queen. 王国[正式]
例：Defence of the realm is crucial.
王国的防御是至关重要的。
wont
1.ADJ If someone is wont to do something, they often or regularly do it. 惯于 [书面] [v-link ADJ to-inf]
例：Both have committed their indiscretions, as human beings are wont to do.
两人均有过失，也乃人之常情。
2.PHRASE If someone does a particular thing as is their wont, they do that thing often or regularly. 习惯做法 [书面]
例：Paul woke early, as was his wont.
保罗醒得很早，这是他的习惯。
as is someone's wont
-in the way that someone usually does
be wont to do sth
-to often do something
distil
1V-T If a liquid such as whisky or water is distilled, it is heated until it changes into steam or vapour and then cooled until it becomes liquid again. This is usually done in order to make it pure. 蒸馏
例：The whisky had been distilled in 1926 and sat quietly maturing until 1987.
这瓶威士忌是1926年被蒸馏的，存放至1987年酿造成熟。
2.distillationN-UNCOUNT蒸馏
例：Any faults in the original cider stood out sharply after distillation.
苹果酒原浆中的任何瑕疵蒸馏后就会突现出来。
3.V-TIf an oil or liquidis distilledfroma plant, it is produced by a process which extracts the most essential part of the plant. Todistila plant means to produce an oil or liquid from it by this process. 提炼
例：The oil is distilled from the berries of this small tree.
这种油是从这种小树的浆果中提炼的。
4.distillationN-UNCOUNT提炼
例：The distillation of rose petals to produce rosewater almost certainly originated in Ancient Persia.
用玫瑰花瓣提炼制造玫瑰水几乎可以肯定是起源于古波斯。
5.V-TIf a thought or ideais distilledfromprevious thoughts, ideas, or experiences, it comes from them. If itis distilledintosomething, it becomes part of that thing. 萃取…的精华; 将精华融入…
例：Reviews are distilled from articles previously published in the main column.
评论文章荟萃了发表于各大专栏文章的精华。
例：Eventually passion was distilled into the natural beauty of a balmy night.
激情最终融入了芬芳夜晚的自然美之中。
6.distillationN-SING精萃
例：The material below is a distillation of his work.
下面的材料是他著作的精萃。
mnemonic
N-COUNT A mnemonic is a word, short poem, or sentence that is intended to help you remember things such as scientific rules or spelling rules. For example, "i before e, except after c" is a mnemonic to help people remember how to spell words like "believe" and "receive." 助记符号; 助记口诀 [oft N n]
mouthpiece
N-COUNT The mouthpiece of a telephone is the part that you speak into. (电话的) 话筒
例；He shouted into the mouthpiece.
他冲着电话话筒大叫。
2.N-COUNTThemouthpieceof a musical instrument or other device is the part that you put into your mouth. (乐器的) 吹口; (器具的) 衔口
例：He showed him how to blow into the ivory mouthpiece.
他给他演示了如何把气吹进象牙吹口。
3.N-COUNTThemouthpieceof an organization or person is someone who informs other people of the opinions and policies of that organization or person. 代言人
例：Their mouthpiece is the vice president.
他们的代言人是副总裁。
n. 喉舌；代言人；送话口spokesman,prolocutor
bolster
1.V-T If you bolster something such as someone's confidence or courage, you increase it. 增强
Hopes of an early cut in interest rates bolstered confidence.
提前降低利率的希望增强了信心。
2.V-TIf someone tries tobolstertheir position in a situation, they try to strengthen it. 巩固
例：The country is free to adopt policies to bolster its economy.
这个国家可自由采取措施来巩固经济。
3.N-COUNTAbolsteris a firm pillow shaped like a long tube which is sometimes put across a bed instead of pillows, or under the ordinary pillows. 长枕
tribunal
N-COUNT-COLLAtribunalis a special court or committee that is appointed to deal with particular problems. 特别法庭; 特别委员会
His case comes before an industrial tribunal in March.
他的案子将于3月在产业法庭审判。
disavow
V-TIf youdisavowsomething, you say that you are not connected with it or responsible for it. 拒绝对...承担责任[正式]
eschew
V-TIf youeschewsomething, you deliberately avoid doing it or becoming involved in it. 避免[正式]
Although he appeared to enjoy a jet-setting life, he eschewed publicity and avoided nightclubs.
尽管他看起来好像很享受那种奢华的生活，但他避免惹人注意，也不去夜总会。
maritime
ADJMaritimeis used to describe things relating to the sea and to ships. 海事的[ADJ n]
...the largest maritime museum of its kind.
…同类型海洋博物馆中最大的。
overlap
1.V-RECIPIf one thingoverlapsanother, or if youoverlapthem, a part of the first thing occupies the same area as a part of the other thing. You can also say that two thingsoverlap. 重叠
例：When the bag is folded, the bottom overlaps one side.
把包折叠起来时，其底部与一边就重合了。
例：Overlap the slices carefully so there are no gaps.
把薄片小心地叠放在一起，那样就没有间隙。
2.V-RECIPIf one idea or activityoverlapsanother, oroverlapswith another, they involve some of the same subjects, people, or periods of time. 与…重合
例：Christian Holy Week overlaps with the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover.
基督教的圣周与犹太教逾越节的开始时间是重合的。
例：The needs of patients invariably overlap.
患者们的各种需求总是相互重合的。
3.N-VAROverlapis also a noun. 重合
例：...the overlap between civil and military technology.
…民用技术与军用技术之间的重合。
Belt on Road Initiative 一带一路
revisionist
1.ADJ If you describe a person or their views as revisionist, you mean that they reject traditionally held beliefs about a particular historical event or events. (对历史事件)持修正主义论的 [正式]
例：...the revisionist interpretation of the French Revolution.
...对法国大革命的修正性解释。
2.N-COUNT A revisionist is a person who has revisionist views. 修正主义者 [正式]
例：The reputation of the navigator is under assault from historical revisionists.
这位航海家的名誉受到了历史修正主义者的攻击。
3.ADJ If a socialist describes another socialist's actions or opinions as revisionist, they mean that they are unacceptable because they are more moderate than normal Marxist theory allows. (社会主义者的行动或观点)修正主义的 [正式]
例：This revisionist thesis departs even further from Marxist assertions.
这篇修正主义的论文更加偏离了马克思主义的主张。
4.N-COUNT A revisionist is a person who has revisionist views. 修正主义者 [正式]
例：...ferocious infighting between Stalinist hardliners and revisionists.
...斯大林主义强硬派和修正主义者之间激烈的内部斗争。
predecessor
1.N-COUNTYourpredecessoris the person who had your job before you. 前任
He maintained that he learned everything he knew from his predecessor.
他坚称他所知道的一切都是从他的前任那儿学到的。
2.N-COUNTThepredecessorof an object or machine is the object or machine that came before it in a sequence or process of development. 前一代
例：Although the car is some 2 inches shorter than its predecessor, its boot is 20 percent larger.
尽管这款汽车比其上一代产品短2英寸，但它的行李箱大了20%。
assertive
1.ADJSomeone who isassertivestates their needs and opinions clearly, so that people take notice. 坚定自信的
Women have become more assertive in the past decade.
妇女在过去十年已变得更坚定自信。
2.assertivenessN-UNCOUNT坚定自信
例：Chantelle's assertiveness stirred up his deep-seated sense of inadequacy.
仙黛尔的坚定自信激起了他根深蒂固的自卑感。
template
1.N-COUNTAtemplateis a thin piece of metal or plastic which is cut into a particular shape. It is used to help you cut wood, paper, metal, or other materials accurately, or to reproduce the same shape many times. (用于切割木材、纸、金属等的) 模板
例：Trace around your template and transfer the design onto a sheet of card.
沿着模板描摹，把设计图案描到一张薄纸板上。
2.N-COUNTIn computing, atemplateis a model of a document that you can use as a guide when creating a document of your own. (计算机中用于创建文档的) 模板[计算机]
例：Open any of the layout templates, insert your text, make any other changes, and print.
打开任何一个设计模板，插入你的文本，做任何其他改动，然后打印。
3.N-COUNTIf one thing is atemplateforsomething else, the second thing is based on the first thing. 样板
例：The template for Adair's novel is not somebody else's fiction, but fact.
阿代尔长篇小说的样板不是别人的虚构故事，而是事实。
dismantle
1.V-TIf youdismantlea machine or structure, you carefully separate it into its different parts. 拆除
例：He asked for immediate help from the United States to dismantle the warheads.
他向美国请求即时援助，拆除弹头。
2.V-TTodismantlean organization or system means to cause it to stop functioning by gradually reducing its power or purpose. 逐步废除
例：Public services of all kinds are being dismantled.
各种公共服务正被逐步废除。
thucydides trap
所谓“修昔底德陷阱”，是指一个新崛起的大国必然要挑战现存大国，而现存大国也必然会回应这种威胁，这样战争变得不可避免。此说法源自古希腊著名历史学家修昔底德的观点，这位历史学家认为，当一个崛起的大国与既有的统治霸主竞争时，双方面临的危险--正如公元前5世纪希腊人和19世纪末德国人面临的情况一样。这种挑战多数以战争告终。公元前5世纪，雅典的成就急剧崛起震惊了陆地霸主斯巴达。双方之间的威胁和反威胁引发竞争，长达30年的战争结束后，两国均遭毁灭（下文的解释）。
Day2 logical lines&神句神词组（结合笃师版对照）
笃学奖--Topic6--B19207--甘比精读
给出下列名词英文解释（如有约定俗成的对应中文，请一并列出）：
1.Keep alow profile, never take the lead, and make a difference
韬光养晦、决不当头、有所作为.
邓小平1992年提出韬光养晦有所作为的外交战略,这里翻译较为贴切,用了keep low profile意指保持低调。而最早的官方译本都是hide our
capabilities and bide our time意思就是掩盖自己的能力，等待时机东山再起,极易引起误解。此后，国外还有一些英文书籍或者是文章，进一步翻译成隐藏能力假装弱小，或者叫做隐藏真实目的，或者是隐藏野心收集爪子等等。其潜台词无外乎就是说，“韬光养晦”是中国在特定的内外形势下，所采取的一种权宜之际，是在隐蔽自己的真实意图等待时机成熟再出手。事实上,韬光养晦的核心含义是:要紧紧抓住经济建设这条主线，埋头苦干发展自己。只有发展自己才能够解决很多的问题。‘韬光养晦’目的就是我们要立足于自身的发展和壮大，才能在国际事务中发挥更大的、积极建设性作用。
关于韬光养晦和有所作为这个中国当年邓小平提出的外交方面的一个指导思想，两者间并不是对立的，不是非此即彼的，而是像中国的易经所讲的，是阴和阳不可分离的，并且阴中有阳，阳中有阴，在相互在一定条件可以转化的，这是一个战略哲学的问题，并不存在要么韬光养晦，要么有所作为问题，在韬光养晦的时候，我们要坚持原则并且不断的有所进取，在我们有所作为的时候也要注意量力而行，不说过头话，不做过头事，坚持我们的主权立场。
2.Thucydides Trap:
Thucydides' famous statement that it was the rise of Athenian power and the fear it inspired in Sparta that constituted the true cause of the Peloponnesian War.
“修昔底德陷阱”，是指一个新崛起的大国必然要挑战现存大国，而现存大国也必然会回应这种威胁，这样战争变得不可避免。此说法源自古希腊著名历史学家修昔底德，他认为，当一个崛起的大国与既有的统治霸主竞争时，双方面临的危险多数以战争告终。雅典和斯巴达的战争之所以最终变得不可避免，是因为雅典实力的增长，以及这种增长在斯巴达所引起的恐惧。自1500年到2014年，共有15例威胁案例，其中发生战争的有11例。
3.Washington consensus:华盛顿共识
1989年，陷于债务危机的拉美国家急需进行国内经济改革。美国国际经济研究所邀请国际货币基金组织、世界银行、美洲开发银行和美国财政部的研究人员，以及拉美国家代表在华盛顿召开了一个研讨会，旨在为拉美国家经济改革提供方案和对策。美国国际经济研究所的约翰·威廉姆森（John Williamson）对拉美国家的国内经济改革提出了已与上述各机栄达成共识的10条政策措施，称作华盛顿共识。，“华盛顿共识”的教条是“主张政府的角色最小化、快速私有化和自由化。Subsequentto Williamson's use of the terminology, and despite his emphatic opposition,the phrase Washington Consensus has come to be used fairly widely in a second,broader sense, to refer to a more general orientation towards astrongly market-based approach(sometimes described asmarket fundamentalismorneoliberalism).
4.State-of-the-nation speech:另一种说法是state-of-the-union
address国情咨文，不仅是美国，俄罗斯、菲律宾等实行总统制的国家，也都把总统向国会发表的年度报告称为“国情咨文”。美国政府的施政纲领，主要阐明美国总统每年面临的国内外情况，以及政府将要采取的政策措施。按照美国惯例，每年年初，现任总统都要在国会做年度报告，阐述政府的施政方针，被称为“国情咨文”。类似于我国的“政府工作报告”也就是文中提到的Work Report.
5.Not interfering in other countries’ internal affairs:
不干涉别国内政，耳熟的不能再耳熟阿~~~
6. Common and differentiated responsibilities:
共同但有区别的责任，当中and更多时候是被but替换。
“共同但有区别的责任”发端于上世纪70年代初。1972年斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议宣示，保护环境是全人类的“共同责任”；同时指出，发展中国家的环境问题“在很大程度上是发展不足造成的”。这已是“共同但有区别的责任”的雏形。
从上世纪80年代末起，“共同但有区别的责任”逐渐成为国际谈判中的一项规范用语。1997年，《京都议定书》第十条确认了这一原则，并以法律形式予以明确、细化。它规定发达国家应承担的减少温室气体排放(“减排”)的量化义务，而没有严格规定发展中国家应当承担的义务。这是这条原则的具体体现。
神词组：
1.Go viral 像病毒般传播
疯狂传播，像病毒般扩散
2.Marks a change 改变
:标志着转变
3.Be wary of sth 提防，警惕
:谨防，警觉
4.Boss others around:指使别人做某事
（美语口语）颐指气使，发号施令，好似老板指使下属。另有相关形容词bossy：专横好指使人，Her loud bossy sister爱管人的大嗓门姐姐
5.Step up its multilateral commitments:加强多边承诺
if you step up sth, you increase it or increase its intensity.增进其多边承诺。
6.Model on 以....为榜样
：以....为榜样，模仿....
To form, develop, or found something on the basis of something else:
The architect modeled the plans for the newschool on a beautiful old building.
I will model my house on the
house we saw in the Mediterranean.
She tried to model herself on her mother.
7.Be resistant to 抵抗
:对....有抵抗力的；耐....的
8.One-size-fits-all approach 万全之策
:一刀切的方式，为满足所有人的情况而涉及的（往往效果不佳）
A one-size-fits-all public education program一刀切的公共教育计划
神句组:
1.Thesignals areamplified bysimilar onesfurther down the system andfleshed outbycontrolled discussions in state-owned media.
体系内的信号进一步扩大，国内媒体报道时将其具体化。
体系内进一步类似的信号会增强先前的，国有媒体谨慎的报道则将这些信号具体化。
2.Chinais arevisionist power, wanting toexpandinfluence within the system. It is neither a revolutionary powerbent onoverthrowing things, nor a usurper,intent ongrabbing global control.
中国是一股修正主义的力量，尝试在全球扩大影响力，既非推翻所有的革命力量，也不是控制全球篡夺者。
中国是一股修正主义的力量，试图在机制内扩大影响力。他既非推翻一切的革命主义力量，也非夺取全球控制权的篡位者。
用词多样化：wantto & bent on & intent on
3.Globalrules on trade and finance, it seems, aretooimportant for Mr. Xi not to defend.
贸易和金融的全球规则对于习主席来说十分重要由此应对其防卫。
全球贸易金融规则似乎太过重要，习主席必须对其加以捍卫。
Too....not to:太。。。。而必须。。。
The dish is too delicious not to eat.
The city is too beautiful not to visit.
He is too talented not to succeed.
对比：too...to....太...所以不可能.....
Too good to be true:太美好，所以不可能是真的/美好的不现实
Too weak to handle the job:太弱，所以不可能胜任该工作/弱的无法胜任工作
Feelings about the passage
本篇文章《龟兔赛跑》（个人理解）揭示了许多西方人对中国崛起的矛盾心理。在这个版本的龟兔赛跑寓言中，中国是“乌龟”，虽然行动缓慢，但终将赢得胜利，成为全球大国；而美国则是“兔子”——特朗普政府毫无章法地从一个地方跳到另一个地方。这篇文章明确指出：“《伊索寓言》知道这场比赛的结果如何。”中国获胜。
文章通过对中国宣传语的变化进行语义分析后发现，早期提出的是中国应该“发挥作用”，到2010年时变为中国应该“积极”发挥作用。今年1月，中国领导人在达沃斯的发言则带有一种情绪，即中国应该“领导经济全球化”。如果上述分析还不能令读者完全相信中国的全球抱负，那么还有更多证据：中国政府今年的政府工作报告中13次提到“全球”或“全球化”。我们最好为中国主导全球做好心理准备。另外观察到的就是中国正在超过美国的迹象是，中国越来越希望成为其他国家的表率，这体现在中国积极推广“中国方案”。正如文章所指出的，“目前还没有人给中国方案下定义，但无论它的定义是什么，都存在一个万能的中国方案。谈到中国的实际行动时，这篇文章呈现了截然不同的图景。通过“中国正在成为更积极的联合国成员，但中国并不寻求主导联合国。”中国对二十国集团决策的遵守也高于平均水平。中国还帮助应对气候变化的努力成为二十国集团的优先议题。此外，在特朗普似乎倾向于让美国违背气候问题承诺的情况下，中国准备独自推动或与其他国家合作推动这一进程。
最后所呈现的是：中国不是一个雄心勃勃的霸权国家，它不得不努力弥补因美国从全球体系中抽身而留下的空白。需要补充的一点是，不应将所有的大国关系都视为争夺头把交椅的竞赛，更不应将其视为一场零和博弈。无论是美国、中国，还是其他“乌龟”、“兔子”，或是其他所有“动物”，都有大量的工作要做，也都要肩负重担。
笃学奖--Topic6--B19207--甘比精读
这期文章虽然蛮长的但是脉络很清晰，掌握了笃师之前教导的重点看前后一两段的方法，抓表转折之类关键词，扫清生词和词组后很快就掌握了文章大意，这么褒扬中国的国外文章还真不多见，可见我们国家实力的增长和地位提高之效，傲娇之感油然而生～
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