单词讲解
send sent sent
过去式 过去式
寄一张卡片: send a letter
发送消息: send a message
寄一张卡片: send a card
send me a card = send a card to me
send sb.sth. = send sth.to sb.
派人请一个医生: send for a doctor
邮筒： postbox
邮编：postcode
邮递员： postman
圣诞卡片： a Christmas card
信用卡: a credit card
身份证：an ID card (an identity card)
扑克牌：a play card
两种过去式，过去分词的写法:
spoil spoiled spoiled
spoil spoilt spoilt
类似的单词
1、
dream dreamed dreamed
dream dreamt dreamt
2、
learn learned learned
learn learnt learnt
宠坏，溺爱：
不要宠坏你的孩子：Don't spoil your children.
食物腐烂：
把食物放在冰箱里，否则很快就会变坏：Put the food in the fridge, or it will spoil soon.
spoil：表示精神上的损坏
他的到来损坏我的假期：His arrival spoiled my holiday
damage：表示可以修复的损坏
destory、ruin： 表示彻底的损坏，不可修复
destory：表示大规模，猛烈性的损坏
ruin：长时间、慢慢地、一点点地损坏
历史博物馆：a historical museum
科学博物馆：a science museum
故宫博物院：the Palace Museum
public gardens / schools / opinions
公共花园 / 学校 / 舆论
garden 可数名词单数，要么加个a，不能直接使用 public garden.
我们不习惯在公共场合使用英语交谈：We are not used to talking in English in public.
n. 公众，大众
例：
博物馆星期天对公众开放
The museum is open to the public on Sundays.
反义：private adj.私人的
他对我们所有人友好
He is friendly to all of us.
加ly变形容词，其他单词
兄弟般地：brotherly
可爱地：lovely
孤单地：lonely
及时地：timely
ess 通常表示女性的后缀：
waitress n.女服务员
lend lent lent
lend sb.sth. = lend sth. to sb.
例：
lend me a book = lend a book to me
你能借200元给我吗?
Can you lend me 200 Yuan?
反义词: borrow 借入
这是我最终的决定: It was my final decision
做决定: make a decision
她无法决定买什么衣服: She couldn't make a decision about the dresses.
decide v.决定
决定做某事：decide to sth.
例：
我决定出国深造
I decided to go abroad for further education.
a whole day / week
一整天 / 周
全脂奶： whole milk
整件事让我恶心： The whole thing makes me sick
单人床：a single bed
单程车票：a single ticket
语法讲解
1、一般过去时
a、形式
谓语动词 -> 过去式(did)
b、用法
1、
Mary and I `___` (talk) about your book hours ago.
玛丽和我几个小时前讨论过你的书。
答案：talked
2、
They `___` (have) a meeting yesterday.
他们昨天开了个会。
答案：had
3、
Tom `___` (be) a student when he was ten years old.
汤姆十岁时是个学生。
答案：was
注意：(完全发生在过去，并且与现在无关)
1、她过去有个男朋友。潜意思现在没有了
She had a boyfriend.
2、汤姆是个学生
Tom was a student.
C、否定 / 疑问
- 有Be动词：否定Be动词直接加 + not, 疑问将Be动词提前
You were happy
You were not happy.
Were you happy?
- 实义动词：要加did助动词。否定加
didn't + v.(原形), 疑问 Did + v.(原形)
They had a meeting.
They did not have a meeting.
Did they have a meeting.
D、补充
| 原形 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
| look |
looked |
looked |
| teach |
taught |
taught |
| 原形 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
| go |
went |
gone |
| write |
wrote |
written |
1、过去式用在过去时
2、过去分词用在完成时的被动语态
课文讲解
- 1、Then he lent me a book.
1、lend 及物动词
2、Then he lent me a book.
主 谓 宾 宾
3、提出问题：什么及物动词，可以接双宾语？
这个及物能同时加人和物，那么就可以接双宾结构，但是不是一定要接双宾。
4、其他及物动词可以接双宾语:
give
give sb. sth.
give sth. to sb.
ask
ask sb. sth.
give sth. to sb.
talk
talk sb. sth.
talk sth. to sb.
5、主谓双宾两种写法
Then he lent me a book. = Then he lent a book to me.
为什么用介词to?而不是for?
to是表示给的方向，for是为了谁。
6、例句
她给了我一本书
She gave me a book. = She game a book to me.
我给他做了一顿饭
I cooked him a meal. = I cooked a meal for him.
他把所有的花都卖给了他们
He sold them all his flowers. = He sold all his flowers to them.
请把盐递给我
Pass me the salt please. = Pass the salt to me.
- 2、I read a few lines, but I did not understand...
read read read
过去式 过去分词
understand understood understood
过去式 过去分词
- 3、Every day I thought about ...
every day 后面跟句子
everyday 是形容词，修饰名词
- 4、I got up early and bought
get got got / gotten
过去式 过去分词
- 5、I spent the whole day in my room...
表示花费
spent 主语必须是人, 可以表示花时间和钱
spend time/ money on sth./ (in) doing sth.
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