英国卫报：“群体免疫”真的有效吗？

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Herd immunity: will the UK's coronavirus strategy work?

群体免疫：英国的策略真的有效吗？

Ministers look to have given up on containment in favour of a novel approach some experts are wary of.

containment 译为“抑制，遏制”（the act of controlling or limiting something or someone harmful）

give up on 译为“放弃；对~绝望/不再期待”（If you give up on something or someone, you decide that you will never succeed in doing what you want to with them, and you stop trying.）如：He urged them not to give up on peace efforts.他力劝他们不要对和平的努力感到绝望。

give up 也译为“放弃；停止” 与上一个短语的不同是 give up 后面可什么都不跟 如：She has a struggle trying to persuade the board to accept her proposal, but she's determined not to give up.她努力劝说董事会接受她的提议的过程进行的很艰难，但她决心不放弃。但give up on后必须跟名词或代词等，指定放弃的对象。当然give up 后面也可以跟。如：He gave up possession of the house. 他放弃了这房子的所有权。常见表“放弃”的词还有：abandon; desert; forsake 如：He decided to forsake politics for journalism.他决定放弃政治而投身新闻事业。

give up to 可译为“使沉溺于”（to spend all your time and energy doing or feeling something）较常用的短语为：give up oneself to  如：After her death he gave himself over to grief. 她死后，他陷入悲痛之中。<写作推荐>

in favour of 译为“支持；赞成”（the support or approval of something or someone）如：Are you in favour of a ban on smoking?你支持禁烟吗？表支持，赞成的单词还有：advocate；support；in support of；approve；agree with

be wary of 译为“对~提防，小心”如：be wary of seeking closure 当心别作茧自缚 同义短语：precaution against；guard against

译文：英国的部长们放弃了遏制政策，转而采取新方法，一些专家对此表示担忧。

Herd immunity is a phrase normally used when large numbers of children have beenvaccinated against a disease like measles, reducing the chances that others will get it. As atactic in fighting a pandemic for which there is no vaccine, it is novel – and some say alarming.

herd 本意为“兽群”可引申为“人群，群体”（a large group of people that is considered together as a group and not separately）

immunity 表“免疫”（a situation in which you are protected against disease or from legal action）如：The vaccination gives you immunity against the disease for up to six months.接种疫苗可使你对这种疾病免疫长达六个月。也可表“豁免，免除”（official protection from legal action, for example, not being judged in a court or punished for a crime）如：legal/judicial/diplomatic immunity 法律/司法/外交豁免权

vaccinate 译为“注射疫苗”（to give someone a vaccine, usually by injection, to prevent them from getting a disease）如：The children were vaccinated against the major childhood diseases. 孩子们接种了预防主要儿童疾病的疫苗。Vaccination Certificate 检疫证明书

measles 译为“麻疹”

tactic 译为“方法，策略”（a planned way of doing something）如：These bomb attacks represent a change of tactics by the terrorists. 这些炸弹袭击表明恐怖分子改变了策略。

pandemic 译为“流行性疾病”（a dangerous disease that infects many people at one time）也可作为形容词，表“流行的”（通常指疾病）如：pandemic influenza 流感

alarming 译为“令人担心的；令人害怕的”（causing worry or fear） 近义词有：appalling；dismaying；frightful；horrifying

译文：当大量儿童注射麻疹之类的疫苗来降低其他人感染的风险使，我们使用“群体免疫”这个词。而用这种策略来对抗还没有疫苗的流行病是闻所未闻的，一些人对此表示担忧。

It relies on people getting the disease – in this case Covid-19 – and becoming immune as a result. Generally it is thought that those who recover will be immune, at least for now, so they won’t get it twice.

immune 译为“免疫的”（protected against a particular disease by particular substances in the blood）如：The vaccine would make infants immune to bacteria that can cause middle ear infections.该疫苗将使婴儿对引起中耳感染的细菌具有免疫力。又可理解为“不受~影响”（not affected or upset by a particular type of behaviour or emotion）常见的短语为be immune to Her mother is immune to criticism from strangers. 她母亲不受陌生人批评的影响。

译文：这种策略需要人们感染这种疾病--在这里指新冠肺炎，最终获得免疫力。至少现在人们普遍认为那些感染疾病后能恢复正常的人将获得免疫力，因此他们便不会再二次染病。

But allowing the population to build up immunity in this way – rather than through widespread testing, tracking down the contacts of every case and isolating them, as many other countries in Asia and Europe have chosen to do – could increase the risk to the most vulnerable: older people with underlying health problems.

build up 表“增强；增长”（an increase in the amount of something over a period of time）

track down 表“找到，搜寻到”（to find something or someone after looking for them in a lot of different places）

isolate 表“隔离,孤立”如在考研试题中出现的：Cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous ,are now facing sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of history.以前孤立且同质的文化，目前正面临这种文化的多样性—这在美国大部分历史上很常见。

vulnerable 在UN News：啃老族的激增讲过，大家可以直接点击去看看

underlying 可表“潜在的”（real but not immediately obvious）如：The underlying message of the film is that love transcends everything else. 这部电影隐含的信息是，爱超越一切。

与上个词非常像的词 underlie 表示“成为~基础”简单的记就是“导致；引起”如：Psychological problems very often underlie apparently physical disorders. 心理问题常常会导致明显的生理障碍。

译文：但是让人们通过这种方式建立免疫力，而不是亚洲和欧洲的许多国家所采用的方法：广泛的检测、追踪每一位病例的接触史并且将他们隔离，这种方法可能会增加高风险人群的感染风险，比如说有潜在健康问题的老年人。

To reach herd immunity, about 60% of the population would need to get ill and become immune, according to Sir Patrick Vallance, the government’s chief scientific adviser. Though it could need as much as 70% or more. Even scientists who understand the strategy are anxious. “I do worry that making plans that assume such a large proportion of the population will become infected (and hopefully recovered and immune) may not be the very best that we can do,” said Martin Hibberd, professor of emerging infectious disease at the London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine.

chief 表“主要的，首要的” 如：Chief Executive Officer 简称CEO与此相同意思的词有：primary；major；central；leading

as much as+数字 译为“高达，多达”，用来强调数量非常大。

assume 表“认为，假定”（to accept something as true without question or proof）如有一年的考研中出现的：The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what is going on with their finances. 最大的问题是，夫妻以为对方了解他们的财务状况。还可以表“承担”如：assume responsibility/liability 承担责任

proportion 表“部分，份儿”与此相似的词有：part；ratio；scale 如：direct proportion 正比；inverse proportion 反比；out of proportion 不成比例 The results you achieve will be in direct proportion to the effort you apply.你取得的成就将和你付出的努力成正比。

hygiene 为名词表示“卫生”（the practice or principles of keeping yourself and your environment clean in order to maintain health and prevent disease）常见的短语：personal hygiene 个人卫生；oral hygiene 口腔卫生

与上个词相似的词 sanitary 表“卫生的；清洁的”如：sanitary towel 卫生巾；sanitary inspection 卫生检查 其名词形式 sanitation 表“卫生系统”（the systems for taking dirty water and other waste products away from buildings in order to protect people's health）

tropical 表“热带的”常见词组：tropical forest 热带雨林；tropical climate 热带气候；tropical storm热带风暴  相关词汇：Subtropical亚热带的；temperate zone温带；frigid zone寒带

译文：根据政府的首席科学顾问Patrick Vallance先生的说法，要达到群体免疫，大约60%的人需要患病并获得免疫。这一数字可能达到百分之七十或更高。即使是理解这一策略的科学家们也不禁有些紧张。伦敦卫生学与热带医学学院新传染病学教授马丁·希伯德表示：“我确实比较担心，假设这么多的人口感染这个疾病（希望会康复，然后免疫），再由此制定计划，这可能不是我们最应该做的事。

The government’s “nudge unit” seems to favour this strategy. Dr David Halpern, a psychologist who heads the Behavioural Insights Team, said on BBC News: “There’s going to be a point, assuming the epidemic flows and grows, as we think it probably will do, where you’ll want tococoon, you’ll want to protect those at-risk groups so that they basically don’t catch the disease and by the time they come out of their cocooning, herd immunity’s been achieved in the rest of the population.”

nudge 的意思“推动，轻推” “nudge unit”可译为“助推小组”，这是一个由英国政府组建的机构，旨在制定通过帮助公民做出更好的选择来提高公共福利的政策。

head 这里是动词指“领导，负责”

cocoon 名词表示“茧”，动词表“把~紧紧包住；保护”（to protect someone or something from pain or an unpleasant situation）如：As a student you're cocooned against the real world. 作为一名学生，你被保护起来免受真实世界的伤害。

by the time 表“到~的时候”如：By the time you read this, there numbers will probably have doubled.当你读到这段话的时候，这个数字很可能已经实现了翻番。

译文：政府的“助推小组”似乎支持这种策略。小组负责人大卫·哈尔珀恩博士在接受BBC采访时说：“假设这种疾病按我们所设想的传播，迟早会出现这样一个阶段：你想自我隔离，你想保护那些高危人群，他们就基本上不会染病。当他们走出隔离时，群体免疫已经在剩余人口中实现了。”