Sam Walton
山姆•沃尔顿
Sam Walton was born in America.
山姆•沃尔顿出生在美国。
From the time he was a young boy, Sam was a hard worker.
从他还是个小男孩的时候，山姆工作就很勤奋。
He had little choice during the Great Depression. The only way to survive was hard work. Sam worked all sorts of jobs.
在大萧条时期，他几乎没有选择。能生存下来的唯一办法就是辛勤工作。山姆从事过各种类型的工作。
After high school, Sam attended the University of Missouri. At college Sam continued to work hard and stay busy. He worked part-time jobs to help pay for school.
高中毕业之后，山姆去了密苏里州大学上学。在大学时，山姆继续努力工作，保持忙碌的状态。他做兼职工作来帮助缴纳学费。
Sam's first job out of school was with retailer(零售商) J.C. Penny. He worked there as a manager before he joined the army in 1942 during World War II.
离开校园之后，山姆在零售商JC 彭尼那里得到了第一份工作。他在那里当一名经理，一直到1942年参军加入二战。
During his time at J.C. Penny, Sam learned a lot about the retail business.
在JC 彭尼那里工作期间，山姆学会了很多关于零售生意的经验。
A lot of the ideas and values that he would use to establish his own retail business he learned on this job.
很多他用于建立自己的零售业务的想法和观念都是他从这一工作中学到的。
After the war, Sam moved to Newport, Arkansas where he bought a Ben Franklin five-and-dime（廉价品商店） franchise（特许经营权） and opened his first retail store.
战后，山姆搬到了阿肯色州纽波特，在这里他买下了本•富兰克林廉价商店的特许经营权，并开设了自己的第一家零售商店。
Working hard to bring in customers, Sam turned the store into a success.
山姆努力地招揽顾客，使这家商店获得了成功。
However, he only had a five-year lease and, at the end of the lease, the owner of the building took control of his business. Sam had learned his lesson.
然而，他只有五年的租约，在租约结束后，房主获得了这家商店的控制权。山姆得到了教训。
Despite this major setback, Sam wasn't one to give up. Part of his success was learning from mistakes.
即使经历了这一重大的挫折，山姆也不会放弃。他成功的部分原因就是在于从错误中学习经验。
He opened another store in Bentonville. This time he purchased the building.
他在本顿维尔开了另一家商店。这一次，他将门店买了下来。
Sam repeated his success and soon the store was making money. He began to open new stores in other small towns.
山姆再一次成功了，而且很快这家店开始盈利。他开始在其他小城镇开设新的店铺。
He incentivized（激励） his managers by offering them a profit from the store.
他通过向经理们提供店铺利润的奖励来激励他们。
In order to keep an eye on his stores, Sam bought a plane and learned how to fly. He would fly around regularly checking on his stores.
为了密切关注自己的商店，山姆买了一架飞机并学会了如何开飞机。他经常飞往四处，察看自己的商店。
Sam had the dream of opening a large discount（折扣） store. These stores would be located in rural（农村） areas away from competition like K-Mart.
山姆有开一家大的折扣商店的梦想。这些商店将位于农村地区，远离如凯玛特等竞争对手。
Part of his idea was that the profits on the items would be small in order to offer the customer a good price.
这个想法的一部分是使商品的盈利变小，来为消费者提供一个很好的价格。
However, he expected to make this up with huge volumes.
不过，他希望用大规模的销量来弥补这一点。
He had a tough time selling the idea to investors at first, but he eventually got a loan and opened his first Walmart in 1962.
一开始，向投资者们推销这一想法对山姆来说很难，但最终他得到了一笔贷款，并在1962年开了自己的第一家沃尔玛。
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