一则短片告诉你熬夜的危害。
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1965年，17岁的高中生Randy Gardner持续264小时，也就是11天不睡觉，想看看会发生什么。在持续不睡的第二天，他的眼睛停止了聚焦。随后，他丧失了通过触摸鉴别事物的能力。到了第三天，他变得焦躁笨拙。实验结束时，他已经不能集中注意力。短期记忆力出现问题，变得偏执且开始出现幻觉。
In 1965, 17 year-old high school student Randy Gardner stay awake for 264 hours, that’s 11 days, to see how he’d cope without sleep. On the second day, his eyes stopped focusing. Next, he lost the ability to identify objects by touch. By day three, Randy Gardner was moody and uncoordinated. At the end of the experiment, he was struggling to concentrate, had trouble with short term memory, became paranoid and started hallucinating.
一直不睡觉会严重损害身体健康。当我们一直不睡觉，学习能力、记忆力、情绪、以及反应能力将受到影响。缺乏睡眠也可能导致炎症、幻觉、高血压，甚至糖尿病和肥胖都与睡眠不足有关。
Staying awake can cause serious bodily harm. When we lose sleep, learning, memory, mood, and reaction are affected. Sleeplessness may also cause inflammation, hallucination, high blood pressure, and it’s even been linked to diabetes and obesity.
睡眠不足为何如此痛苦呢？科学家们认为其缘由为大脑中废物的累积。当我们清醒时，细胞正忙于消耗我们一天中产生的能量。而这些能量的产生会分解出各种副产品，例如腺苷。腺苷的不断产生会使睡眠欲望增加。这样的欲望也被称作睡眠压力。事实上，咖啡因就是通过阻碍腺苷的接收途径来发挥作用的。其他的垃圾产物也会在大脑中堆积。如果它们不被清理掉，大脑将超负荷运转，同时可能引起许多睡眠不足的不良症状。
How can sleep deprivation cause suchimmense suffering? Scientists think the answer lies with the accumulation of waste products in the brain. During our waking hours, our cells are busy usingup our day’s energy sources, which get broken down into various by-products, including adenosine. As adenosine builds up, it increases the urge to sleep, also known as sleep pressure. In fact, caffeine works by blocking adenosine receptor pathways. Other waste products also build up in the brain, and if they’re not cleared away, they collectively overload the brain, and are thought to lead to the many negative symptoms of sleep deprivation.
所以，当我们睡着时，大脑是如何防止这种情况发生的呢？科学家们发现了脑部的类淋巴系统。它是一种可以消除这些垃圾产物的清洁机制，并且在我们睡眠时比较活跃。这种机制利用脑脊髓液将细胞间积累的有毒副产品冲刷掉。最近，研究员发现在人脑中作为免疫细胞通道的淋巴血管。这些血管可能也起到了清理人脑日常垃圾的作用。
So what’s happening in our brain when wesleep, to prevent this? Scientists found something called the Glymphatic system, a clean-up mechanism that removes this build up and is much more active when we’re asleep. It works by using cerebrospinal fluid to flush away toxic by-products that accumulate between cells. Lymphatic vessels, which serve as pathways forimmune cells have recently been discovered in the brain, and they may also playa role in clearing out the brain’s daily waste products.
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