无人驾驶汽车de城市
前言
本人就读于加拿大UBC（英属哥伦比亚大学）景观建筑学院的景观硕士专业。毕业设计课题为研究无人驾驶汽车对未来城市景观的影响，在自己撰写论文的同时，希望把我的研究内容放到这里和大家一起分享，共同探讨，共同进步。若有兴趣，欢迎和我联系。
本文内容为本人的学术论文翻译而来，语句或许枯燥晦涩，请耐心阅读，或者与我探讨。反正，精彩的在后头！！！
摘要
无人驾驶汽车技术的迅速发展使无人驾驶汽车的应用成为未来的趋势。这个项目将通过研究无人驾驶汽车的现状、使用的障碍以及未来在城市中广泛使用的阻碍，提出未来无人驾驶汽车的城市的发展方向。最后，从景观建筑的角度看，这个项目将把无人驾驶汽车作为推动城市发展、改善城市环境和建设可持续城市的驱动力。
Abstract
The rapid development of the technology of the driverless car has made the application of driverless vehicles a future trend. This project will propose the future development directions of the city of driverless cars by studying the status quo of driverless cars, obstacles of the use, and impacts of its wide use. Finally, from the perspective of landscape architecture, this project will use driverless cars as a driving force to promote urban development, improve the urban environment and build a sustainable city.
论文陈述
全自动无人驾驶汽车的发展速度比任何人想象的都要快，许多专家预测，在未来5到10年内，这种汽车将广泛普及，最终成为唯一的交通工具。(Waldrop，2015年) 在无人驾驶汽车被广泛使用之后，交通方式的改变将给城市带来巨大的变化。作为一名景观设计师，这个项目将研究城市如何应对由它们带来的变化，从景观的角度，为城市带来可持续的未来。
与如今的汽车相比，无人驾驶汽车更安全，运行效率更高，能节约能源，减少整体污染。(Duranton，2016年) 虽然无人驾驶汽车有很多优势，但是它会对城市的未来发展有两个方向的影响。通过对AV的现状、使用的障碍以及未来广泛使用AV的影响的研究，总结了无人驾驶汽车城市的两个未来场景/发展方向：汽车友好型城市，和人类友好型城市。
基于对场地城市，素里（Surrey，BC）现状的分析和探讨，本文给出以下结论：以人为本的人类友好型城市才是适合城市未来发展的方向。最后一章则提出了不同时间和空间尺度下的策略，这些战略的目标是通过将其作为推动城市发展和改善城市环境的驱动力来建立一个可持续的城市。
未来的两种发展方向
Thesis Statement
Fully autonomous vehicles are developing faster than anyone would have thought, with many experts predicting that they will become widely available in the next five to ten years and eventually become the only means of transportation. (Waldrop, 2015) After the wide use of driverless cars, changes in transport will bring huge changes to the city. As a garden designer, this project will study how cities should respond to changes brought by AVs and, from the perspective of landscape, bring cities a sustainable future.
Compared with today’s cars, driverless cars are safer, and operate at a higher efficiency, saving energy and reducing overall pollution. (Duranton, 2016) Driverless cars, which have many advantages, have two sides of impacts to urban development.Through the research of status quo of AV, obstacles of the use, and impacts of the wide use of AV in the future, this project concludes two future scenarios of the city of driverless cars: people-friendly city and rider-friendly city.
Based on the analysis and discussion of the current situation of the site, Surrey, the scenario of people-friendly city is chosen as the one suitable for the future development of the city. The last section puts forward strategies in different time and spatial scales. These strategies aim to build a sustainable city by using AVs as a driving force to promote urban development and improve the urban environment.
缩写和定义列表
Abbreviation and Definition List
AV - Autonomous Vehicle 无人驾驶汽车: A vehicle that can guide itself without a human driver.
IoT - Internet of things 物联网: A system that connects everything together as a network allowing them to connect and exchange data.
ITS - Intelligent Transportation System 智能交通系统: A system based on LoT that is able to connect vehicles, infrastructure, rail, navigation systems, etc. This smart system will optimize speed limits, traffic-light timing and the number of lanes in each direction on the basis of the actual traffic load.
NHTSA - the U.S. Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 美国国家公路交通安全管理局
V2V radios - Vehicle-to-vehicle radios （车与车互联的雷达）: A radios system embedded in a vehicle that use radios to send signals between vehicles such as cars and trucks to connect all these isolated items into an incorporated network.
V2E - Vehicle-to-everything （车与物连接的系统）: V2E is an umbrella term includes vehicles-to-vehicles, vehicle-to-infrastructure, and vehicle-to-pedestrian. This technique allows vehicles to communicate with streets, signs, traffic light, other cars, and even pedestrians.
AI - Artificial Intelligent 人工智能: Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI) is Intelligence displayed by machines, in contrast with the natural intelligence (NI) displayed by humans and other animals.
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