08英译汉转译案例
1.recognition同位语从句，把从句译成它的修饰语， recognition转译成动词：意识到
2.Now cancer biologists have the recognition that tumors evolve,in Darwinian /dɑːˈwɪniən/ fashion,as each succeeding generation of cancer cells acuumulates genetic
1. By the time we die,the expansion of youth and the postponement
2. /pəˈspəʊnmənt/ of old age may become one of the greatest enterprises of the 21st century.
Expansion-expand,postponement -postpone /pəˈspəʊn/v.推迟
3. [1The inevitable collaps of America’s speculative boom] 【3】need not have been especially damaging 【2if the world’s other advanced economies were healthy】.
在英语中，一个句子的含义换化成一个词组，作主语或宾语。
America’s speculative boom will inevitable collapse-派生名词转化
4.If too many contries hoard,the logic of free trade collapse.Trade can become an economic depressant and job destroyer.
depressant -depress destroyer-destroy 英：抽象名词-中形容词
Material Culture
A commonplace criticism of American culture 1】[is its excessive preoccupation with material goods 2]and[3 corresponding neglect of the human spirit.
三个意群（三个划线句子）
criticism -critisize
preoccupation-preoccupy
1.It is commonplace that people will critisize American culture
2.Amerivan is excessively preoccupied with material goods
3.neglect(n)—neglect(v)
Neglect the human spirit.
人们常常批评美国文化过分热衷于物质产品，却忽略了人的精神需求。
3. The love affair between American and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic critics.
Love （n）-love（v）
derisive /dɪˈraɪsɪv/ 嘲笑的，/ˈɔːtəməbiːl/
/ˈkɒmənt(ə)ri/评论，讨论
美国人过分钟情于汽车，长期以来这成为国内外批评家的笑柄。
American are said to live by a quantitative ethic.1】Bigger is better,whether in bombs or sedans.
quantitative /ˈkwɒntɪtətɪv/数量的ethic /ˈeθɪk/伦理的sedan/sɪˈdæn/轿车
1. It is said that Americans live by a quantitative ethic.
人们常说美国人把数量作为衡量一切的标准，无论是炸弹还是轿车，总是越大越好。
The classical virtues of grace,harmony,and economy of both means and ends are lost on most Americans.
graceful优雅的gracious有礼貌的economical 节约的，经济实惠的economic经济的
-Most Americans lose the classical virtues of grace, harmony,and economy of both means and ends.
大多数美国人已经失去了彬彬有礼、和睦相处、量入为出的传统美德。
We are said to be swallowing up the word’s supply of natural resources ,which are irreplaceable. /ˌɪrɪˈpleɪsəbl/ swallow up淹没；吞下去；耗尽
人们常说美国人吞噬着世界上大量不可再生的自然资源。
Americans constitute 6 percent of the world’s population but consume over a third of the world ‘s energy. These are now familiar complaints.
美国人占世界人口的百分之六,却消耗了世界上三分之一以上的能源。人们常常对此颇有怨言。complaints(n)—complain(v)
Indeed, in some respects Americans may believe the “pursuit of happiness ‘’to mean the pursuit of material things.
in some respects
– pursuit （n）-pursue v. in some respects在某些方面
的确，从某种程度来说，美国人可能信奉追求幸福就是追求物质享受。
We hold all these truth to be self-evident, all men are created equal, and they are endowed by their creator with some unalienable rights,among them are life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness.—Thomas Jefferson
evident清楚的，显然的
American Family
1.A major source of anxiety about the future of the family is rooted not so much in reality as in the tension between the idealized expectation in the culture and the reality itself.
anxiety about the future of the family 长修饰语-视为意群-变词为句
anxiety-anxious
People are anxious about the future of the family.
A major source is rooted 它的根本原因在于
not so much A as B:不是A而是B
人们对家庭的未来感到忧心忡忡，其根本原因不在于现实，而在于对文化的理想化期望与现实本身感到冲突。
Nostalgia for a lost family tradition1】 ,which ,in fact ,never existed4, 3has prejudiced 2.our understanding of the family in contemporary society.
Nostalgia(n)- Nostalgia(v)怀念/nɒˈstældʒə/- •nostalgic /nɒˈstældʒɪk/怀念的
Nostalgia for a lost family tradition -怀念失落的家庭传统
Understanding-understand
We understand the family in contemporary society.我们理解现代家庭状况的时候，存在偏见
由于怀念失落的家庭传统1，2我们在理解现代家庭状况时3往往存在着偏见，实际上，这种家庭传统从未存在过4。
Thus ,1the current anxiety over the fate of the family reflects not only problems in the family 1but also a variety of fears about other social problems3 【2that eventually projected onto the family.2】
Not only …but also…
-the current anxiety over the fate of the family reflects not only problems in the family
-but also a variety of fears about other social problems
-social problems eventually projected onto the family.
因此，1当前人们对家庭命运的担忧不仅仅反映出了家庭的问题，2由于社会问题常常体现在家庭中，3这种担忧也反映了人们对其他社会问题的种种忧虑。
2. The real problem facing American families today are not symptoms of breakdown as is often suggested；rather，they reflect the difficulties of adaptation to recent social changes, particularly to the loss of diversity in household membership ,to the reduction of the variety of family functions and, to some extent,to the weakening of the family adaptability.
the difficulties of adaptation to A, particularly to B,to C and ,to some extent to
=difficult to adapt to A,B,C,D. 难以适应A,B,C,D.
抽象名词转译具体
symptoms of breakdown：体现了，说明了-breakdown the symtoms
the loss of diversity in household membership =lose diversity…
the reduction of the variety of family functions= the variety of family functions are reduced.
the weakening of the family adaptability= the family adaptability is weakening
译文：现在美国家庭面临的真正问题不是像人们常说的那样，说明了家庭即将崩溃，而是反映出美国家庭难以适应最近的社会变化，尤其是难以适应家庭规模的减小、家庭职能减少及家庭适应能力越来越弱的现实。
3. The idealization of the family as a refuge from the world and the myth 【that the work of mothers is harmful】 has added considerable strain.
idealization of the family=idealize the family
the myth错误的观点
把家庭理想化为远离世界的避难所，或错误地认为母亲工作对于家庭不利，使家庭承受了更大的压力。
[The continuous emphasis on the family as a universal private retreat and as an emotional haven1] is misguided in light of historical experience.
1=（We）continuously emphasize the family as a…heaven
从过去的经验来看，一直强调家庭是个人和情感的避风港是有失偏颇的。
retreat/rɪˈtriːtɪd/ v撤退，隐退haven /ˈheɪv(ə)n/n.安全处所。
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