Material之CoordinatorLayout + Beh

作者: 风少侠 | 来源:发表于2016-12-19 17:12 被阅读2207次

    最新项目中用到了些Material效果,在此对自己的学习做个小结。

    首先养成良好的学习习惯-----看源码:

    CoordinatorLayout

    /**
     * CoordinatorLayout is a super-powered {@link android.widget.FrameLayout FrameLayout}.
     *
     * <p>CoordinatorLayout is intended for two primary use cases:</p> 
     * <ol>
     *     <li>As a top-level application decor or chrome layout</li> 
     *     <li>As a container for a specific interaction with one or more child views</li> 
     * </ol> 
     * 
     * <p>By specifying {@link CoordinatorLayout.Behavior Behaviors} for child views of a 
     * CoordinatorLayout you can provide many different interactions within a single parent and those 
     * views can also interact with one another. View classes can specify a default behavior when 
     * used as a child of a CoordinatorLayout using the 
     * {@link CoordinatorLayout.DefaultBehavior DefaultBehavior} annotation.</p> 
     * 
     * <p>Behaviors may be used to implement a variety of interactions and additional layout 
     * modifications ranging from sliding drawers and panels to swipe-dismissable elements and buttons 
     * that stick to other elements as they move and animate.</p> 
     * 
     * <p>Children of a CoordinatorLayout may have an 
     * {@link CoordinatorLayout.LayoutParams#setAnchorId(int) anchor}. This view id must correspond 
     * to an arbitrary descendant of the CoordinatorLayout, but it may not be the anchored child itself 
     * or a descendant of the anchored child. This can be used to place floating views relative to 
     * other arbitrary content panes.</p> 
     */
    public class CoordinatorLayout extends ViewGroup implements NestedScrollingParent {
    

    大概的翻译如下:

    • CoordinateLayout是一个超级FrameLayout。
    • CoordinateLayout原意是用于以下情况:
      1. 作为顶层布局
      2. 作为一个容器,它的子View之间有特殊的相互作用(交互)
    • 通过为CoordinatorLayout的子views指定Behavior,在同一个父容器下可以提供不同的交互,并且那些子view可以和另一个子view相互作用,相互影响。通过@DefaultBehavior注释,CoordinatorLayout的子view可以使用一个默认的behavior。
    • Behavior可以用来实现各种交互和 来自滑动抽屉、滑动删除元素和按钮关联其他元素产生的额外的布局修改。
    • CoordinatorLayout的子view也许会有个anchor(锚点,即view显示在哪块区域),这个子view必须是CoordinatorLayout的直接子view,不能是孙子辈儿的view - -!
      通过看CoordinatorLayout官方注释文档,了解到一个重要信息---Behavior,可以说CoordinatorLayout各种炫酷的交互效果,都是通过Behavior来控制的,除此之外,CoordinatorLayout类似于FrameLayout,那么接下来看重点:

    Behavior:

    /**
     * Interaction behavior plugin for child views of {@link CoordinatorLayout}. 
     * 
     * <p>A Behavior implements one or more interactions that a user can take on a child view.
     * These interactions may include drags, swipes, flings, or any other gestures.</p>
     *
     * @param <V> The View type that this Behavior operates on
     */
    public static abstract class Behavior<V extends View> {
    

    老规矩:

    • CoordinatorLayout的子view的交互行为插件。
    • 一个Behavior可以实现一个或更多的交互,用户可以将这些交互用在CoordinatorLayout的子view上,这些交互包括:拖拽、滑动、飞速滑动、或者其他任何手势

    基本使用:

    新建一个HelloWorld,选择BasicActivity,可以看到默认生成的布局中已经包含了CoordinatorLayout,说明Goolge官方非常推荐使用这种布局。
    官方给出的Behavior实现类有4个:

    • BottomSheetBehavior
    • SwipeDismissBehavior
    • FloatingActionButton中实现的Behavior
    • ViewOffsetBehavior
    Behavior实现类

    BottomSheetBehavior

    一般用于底部弹出框,类似于微信支付的效果,使用方法如下:

    xml布局

    <android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
      ......
    >
    
        <android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView
            android:id="@+id/nestedScrollView"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="350dp"
            android:background="@drawable/mv"
            app:layout_behavior="@string/bottom_sheet_behavior"
            app:behavior_peekHeight="0dp"
            app:behavior_hideable="true">
            <!--中间可以随意写自己的布局-->
        </android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView>
    
        <android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
            android:id="@+id/fab"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="bottom|end"
            android:layout_margin="@dimen/fab_margin"
            app:layout_behavior="cn.lxf.behaviortext.FloatingBehavior"
            app:srcCompat="@android:drawable/ic_dialog_email" />
    
    </android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
    

    Activity代码

    scrollView = (NestedScrollView) findViewById(R.id.nestedScrollView);
    FloatingActionButton fab = (FloatingActionButton) findViewById(R.id.fab);
    fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
         @Override
         public void onClick(View view) {
              BottomSheetBehavior bottomSheetBehavior = BottomSheetBehavior.from(scrollView);
              bottomSheetBehavior.setState(bottomSheetBehavior.getState() == BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_COLLAPSED?BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_EXPANDED:BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_COLLAPSED);
         }
    });
    

    效果图:

    bottomSheetBehavior

    实现的关键点:

    • 根布局为 CoordinatorLayout;
    • 为底部弹出框设置app:layout_behavior="@string/bottom_sheet_behavior";
    • 在代码中得到BottomSheetBehavior,并动态改变它的状态;
    • 至于FloatingActionButton跟随弹出框移动,关键点在于为FloatingActionButton设置app:layout_behavior="cn.lxf.behaviortext.FloatingBehavior";这是一个自定义的Behavior,文章后面会有讲解。

    SwipeDismissBehavior

    官方实现为Snackbar,已经封装好,唯一的条件是根布局必须为CoordinatorLayout,否则没有效果。
      使用方式很简单:

    Snackbar.make(view, "Replace with your own action", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG).setAction("Action", null).show();
    

    FloatingActionButton.Behavior

    FloatingActionButton默认使用FloatingActionButton.Behavior,同Snackbar一样,唯一需要注意的是根布局必须为CoordinatorLayout。

    @CoordinatorLayout.DefaultBehavior(FloatingActionButton.Behavior.class)
    public class FloatingActionButton extends VisibilityAwareImageButton {
    
    <android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
            android:id="@+id/fab"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="bottom|end"
            android:layout_margin="@dimen/fab_margin"
            app:srcCompat="@android:drawable/ic_dialog_email" />
    
    Snackbar + FloatingActionButton效果图

    ViewOffsetBehavior

    官方实现为AppBarLayout中的Beihavior。


    AppBarLayout官方文档

    挑重点:

    • AppBarLayout是一个实现了很多Material设计风格的垂直的LinearLayout
    • 子view可以通过设置layout_scrollFlags来提供他们所需要的滚动方式。
    • 你需要设置你的Scrolling view的behavior(app:layout_behavior)为AppBarLayout.ScrollingViewBehavior来提醒AppBarLayout什么时候滚动。
    • 最下面为goolgle官方提供的一个例子。
      话说第一次看到layout_scrollFlags属性的萌新必然会一脸懵逼,到底应该填什么呢(因为我当初就是这样...( ╯□╰ )),这里顺便介绍ScrollFlags的几个常量:
    
            /**
             * The view will be scroll in direct relation to scroll events. This flag needs to be
             * set for any of the other flags to take effect. If any sibling views
             * before this one do not have this flag, then this value has no effect.
             */
            public static final int SCROLL_FLAG_SCROLL = 0x1;
    
            /**
             * When exiting (scrolling off screen) the view will be scrolled until it is
             * 'collapsed'. The collapsed height is defined by the view's minimum height.
             *
             * @see ViewCompat#getMinimumHeight(View)
             * @see View#setMinimumHeight(int)
             */
            public static final int SCROLL_FLAG_EXIT_UNTIL_COLLAPSED = 0x2;
    
            /**
             * When entering (scrolling on screen) the view will scroll on any downwards
             * scroll event, regardless of whether the scrolling view is also scrolling. This
             * is commonly referred to as the 'quick return' pattern.
             */
            public static final int SCROLL_FLAG_ENTER_ALWAYS = 0x4;
    
            /**
             * An additional flag for 'enterAlways' which modifies the returning view to
             * only initially scroll back to it's collapsed height. Once the scrolling view has
             * reached the end of it's scroll range, the remainder of this view will be scrolled
             * into view. The collapsed height is defined by the view's minimum height.
             *
             * @see ViewCompat#getMinimumHeight(View)
             * @see View#setMinimumHeight(int)
             */
            public static final int SCROLL_FLAG_ENTER_ALWAYS_COLLAPSED = 0x8;
    
            /**
             * Upon a scroll ending, if the view is only partially visible then it will be snapped
             * and scrolled to it's closest edge. For example, if the view only has it's bottom 25%
             * displayed, it will be scrolled off screen completely. Conversely, if it's bottom 75%
             * is visible then it will be scrolled fully into view.
             */
            public static final int SCROLL_FLAG_SNAP = 0x10;
    
    • SCROLL_FLAG_SCROLL:对应xml布局中的scroll,如果要设置其他的滚动flag,这个flag必须要设置,否则无效。
    • SCROLL_FLAG_EXIT_UNTIL_COLLAPSED:对应xml布局中的exitUntilCollapsed,设置该flag的view在向上滑动退出屏幕时,不会完全退出,会保留collapsed height(minHeight)高度。
    • SCROLL_FLAG_ENTER_ALWAYS:对应xml布局中的enterAlways,只要手指向下滑,设置该flag的view就会直接进入屏幕,不管NestedScrollView是否在滚动。
    • SCROLL_FLAG_ENTER_ALWAYS_COLLAPSED :对应xml布局中的enterAlwaysCollapsed,是enterAlways的附加flag,使设置该flag的view在进入屏幕时最初只滑动显示到它的collapsed height(minHeight),一旦NestedScrollView滑到顶部,该view再滑动显示剩余的部分。
    • SCROLL_FLAG_SNAP:对应xml布局中的snap,设置该flag的view在滚动停止时,如果没有完全显示,会自动滚到到最近的一个边界(顶端、中线和下线)。
    scroll scroll+exitUntilCollapsed scroll+enterAlways scroll+enterAlways+enterAlwaysCollapsed scroll+enterAlways+snap

    自定义Behavior

    自定义Behavior一般有两种情况:

    • 某个view监听另一个view的状态变化,例如大小、位置、显示状态等。
    • 某个view监听CoordinatorLayout里的滑动状态。

    上面这两句话出自亓斌大神博客,然后我自己在学习过程中做了些实践。
      首先看第一种,其实就是上面那个例子,FloatingActionButton怎么跟随自己的布局上下移动?很明显,这个效果类似于系统提供的FloatingActionButton+Snackbar的效果,看一下FloatingActionButton.Behavior源码(只贴了关键部分):

           /**
             * Determine whether the supplied child view has another specific sibling view as a
             * layout dependency.
             *
             * <p>This method will be called at least once in response to a layout request. If it
             * returns true for a given child and dependency view pair, the parent CoordinatorLayout
             * will:</p>
             * <ol>
             *     <li>Always lay out this child after the dependent child is laid out, regardless
             *     of child order.</li>
             *     <li>Call {@link #onDependentViewChanged} when the dependency view's layout or
             *     position changes.</li>
             * </ol>
             *
             * @param parent the parent view of the given child
             * @param child the child view to test
             * @param dependency the proposed dependency of child
             * @return true if child's layout depends on the proposed dependency's layout,
             *         false otherwise
             *
             * @see #onDependentViewChanged(CoordinatorLayout, android.view.View, android.view.View)
             */
            @Override
            public boolean layoutDependsOn(CoordinatorLayout parent,
                    FloatingActionButton child, View dependency) {
                // We're dependent on all SnackbarLayouts (if enabled)
                return SNACKBAR_BEHAVIOR_ENABLED && dependency instanceof Snackbar.SnackbarLayout;
            }
    
            @Override
            public boolean onDependentViewChanged(CoordinatorLayout parent, FloatingActionButton child,
                    View dependency) {
                if (dependency instanceof Snackbar.SnackbarLayout) {
                    updateFabTranslationForSnackbar(parent, child, dependency);
                } else if (dependency instanceof AppBarLayout) {
                    // If we're depending on an AppBarLayout we will show/hide it automatically
                    // if the FAB is anchored to the AppBarLayout
                    updateFabVisibility(parent, (AppBarLayout) dependency, child);
                }
                return false;
            }
    
    • layoutDependsOn(parent,child, dependency):决定一个child是否有一个其他特殊的兄弟view(dependency)作为布局依赖,听来比较拗口,其实就是指一个child是否会根据另一个view的参数和状态而改变。这个方法在初始化布局时最少会被调用一次,如果返回true,则父布局(CoordinatorLayout)会不断的调用onDependentViewChanged(parent,child, dependency)来改变该child的参数和状态。
    • 然后系统会在onDependentViewChanged中判断dependency的类型,进而改变Fab的参数、状态。
      下面我们来比葫芦画瓢:
    public class FloatingBehavior extends FloatingActionButton.Behavior {
    
        @Override
        public boolean layoutDependsOn(CoordinatorLayout parent, FloatingActionButton child, View dependency) {
            return super.layoutDependsOn(parent, child, dependency) || dependency instanceof NestedScrollView;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean onDependentViewChanged(CoordinatorLayout parent, FloatingActionButton fab, View dependency) {
            if (dependency instanceof NestedScrollView) {
                CoordinatorLayout.LayoutParams lp = (CoordinatorLayout.LayoutParams) fab.getLayoutParams();
                int fab_BM = lp.bottomMargin;
                int distance = fab.getHeight() + fab_BM;
                fab.setY(dependency.getY() - distance);
            }
            return super.onDependentViewChanged(parent, fab, dependency);
        }
    }
    

    为Fab设置好改behavior后直接运行,发现报错:Could not inflate Behavior subclass cn.lxf.behaviortext.FloatingBehavior,不能实例化该behavior。一番求证后发现,自定义behavior时必须重写那个带2个参数的构造方法,因为在CoordinatorLayout中是通过反射这个构造方法来实例化behavior的,下面贴完整代码:

    public class FloatingBehavior extends FloatingActionButton.Behavior {
    
        public FloatingBehavior(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean layoutDependsOn(CoordinatorLayout parent, FloatingActionButton child, View dependency) {
            return super.layoutDependsOn(parent, child, dependency) || dependency instanceof NestedScrollView;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean onDependentViewChanged(CoordinatorLayout parent, FloatingActionButton fab, View dependency) {
            if (dependency instanceof NestedScrollView) {
                CoordinatorLayout.LayoutParams lp = (CoordinatorLayout.LayoutParams) fab.getLayoutParams();
                int fab_BM = lp.bottomMargin;
                int distance = fab.getHeight() + fab_BM ;
                fab.setY(dependency.getY() - distance);
            }
            return super.onDependentViewChanged(parent, fab, dependency);
        }
    }
    

    再看第二种情况,某个view监听CoordinateLayout中的滑动状态,这里最好先了解一下android Lollipop版本之后新增的嵌套滑动机制,推荐我学习过的一篇文章https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002873657
      对于监听滑动状态,我们需要关注的总共有以下几个方法(由于篇幅原因,官方注释被我干掉了,加了简单的注解):

        /**
         * 当一个CoordinatorLayout的子view准备去开始一个嵌套滑动时调用
         *
         * @param coordinatorLayout  根布局coordinatorLayout
         * @param child 这个behavior所关联的coordinatorLayout的子view
         * @param directTargetChild 包含target 嵌套滚动操作的coordinatorLayout子view
         * @param target 开始嵌套滑动的coordinatorLayout子view。
         * @param nestedScrollAxes 嵌套滚动的轴线。See
         *                         {@link ViewCompat#SCROLL_AXIS_HORIZONTAL},
         *                         {@link ViewCompat#SCROLL_AXIS_VERTICAL}
         * @return 如果behavior希望接受这个嵌套滚动,则返回true。
         *
         * @see NestedScrollingParent#onStartNestedScroll(View, View, int)
         */
        public boolean onStartNestedScroll(CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout,
                                           V child, View directTargetChild, View target, int nestedScrollAxes) {
            return false;
        }
    
        /**
         * 当嵌套滑动已经被CoordinatorLayout接受时调用。
         *
         * 参数同上。
         * @see NestedScrollingParent#onNestedScrollAccepted(View, View, int)
         */
        public void onNestedScrollAccepted(CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout, V child,
                                           View directTargetChild, View target, int nestedScrollAxes) {
            // Do nothing
        }
    
        /**
         * 嵌套滚动结束时调用。
         *
         * 参数同上。
         *
         * @see NestedScrollingParent#onStopNestedScroll(View)
         */
        public void onStopNestedScroll(CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout, V child, View target) {
            // Do nothing
        }
    
        /**
         * target滑动之后调用
         *
         * @param coordinatorLayout 同上
         * @param child 同上
         * @param target 同上
         * @param dxConsumed 水平方向target滑动的距离(消耗的距离px),左滑大于0,右滑小于0
         * @param dyConsumed 垂直方向target滑动的距离(消耗的距离px),上滑大于0,下滑小于0
         * @param dxUnconsumed 水平方向target未滑动的距离(但是被用户请求了)
         * @param dyUnconsumed 垂直方向target未滑动的距离(但是被用户请求了)
         *
         * @see NestedScrollingParent#onNestedScroll(View, int, int, int, int)
         */
        public void onNestedScroll(CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout, V child, View target,
                                   int dxConsumed, int dyConsumed, int dxUnconsumed, int dyUnconsumed) {
            // Do nothing
        }
    
        /**
         * target准备滑动时(滑动之前)调用
         *
         * @param coordinatorLayout 同上
         * @param child 同上
         * @param target 同上
         * @param dx 水平方向target想要滑动的距离(用户请求的)
         * @param dy 垂直方向target想要滑动的距离(用户请求的)
         * @param consumed 需要我们自己传入。 consumed[0] 已经被消费的水平方向滑动的距离, consumed[1] 已经被消费的垂直方向滑动的距离
         *
         * @see NestedScrollingParent#onNestedPreScroll(View, int, int, int[])
         */
        public void onNestedPreScroll(CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout, V child, View target,
                                      int dx, int dy, int[] consumed) {
            // Do nothing
        }
    
        /**
         * target在fling(飞速滚动)之后调用
         *
         * @param coordinatorLayout 同上
         * @param child 同上
         * @param target 同上
         * @param velocityX 水平方向的速度
         * @param velocityY 垂直方向的速度
         * @param consumed child是否fling了
         * @return behavior是否消费了这个fling
         *
         * @see NestedScrollingParent#onNestedFling(View, float, float, boolean)
         */
        public boolean onNestedFling(CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout, V child, View target,
                                     float velocityX, float velocityY, boolean consumed) {
            return false;
        }
    
        /**
         * target在fling(飞速滚动)之前调用
         *
         * 参数同onNestedFling方法。
         *
         * @see NestedScrollingParent#onNestedPreFling(View, float, float)
         */
        public boolean onNestedPreFling(CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout, V child, View target,
                                        float velocityX, float velocityY) {
            return false;
        }
    

    还是看上面那个FloatingActionButton的例子,改成上滑消失,下滑显示,代码如下:

    public class FloatingBehavior extends FloatingActionButton.Behavior {
    
        private boolean isAniming;
    
        public FloatingBehavior(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean onStartNestedScroll(CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout, FloatingActionButton child, View directTargetChild, View target, int nestedScrollAxes) {
            return nestedScrollAxes == ViewCompat.SCROLL_AXIS_VERTICAL;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onNestedScroll(CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout, FloatingActionButton child, View target, int dxConsumed, int dyConsumed, int dxUnconsumed, int dyUnconsumed) {
            if (dyConsumed > 0 && !isAniming && child.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE) {
                hide(child);
            } else if (dyConsumed < 0 && !isAniming && child.getVisibility() == View.INVISIBLE) {
                show(child);
            }
        }
    
        private void show(final View view){
            ValueAnimator animator = ValueAnimator.ofFloat(0,1);
            animator.addUpdateListener(new ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener() {
                @Override
                public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) {
                    float f = (float) animation.getAnimatedValue();
                    view.setScaleX(f);
                    view.setScaleY(f);
                }
            });
            animator.addListener(new Animator.AnimatorListener() {
                @Override
                public void onAnimationStart(Animator animation) {
                    view.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
                    isAniming = true;
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {
                    isAniming = false;
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onAnimationCancel(Animator animation) {
                    isAniming = false;
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onAnimationRepeat(Animator animation) {
    
                }
            });
            animator.start();
        }
    
        private void hide(final View view){
            ValueAnimator animator = ValueAnimator.ofFloat(1,0);
            animator.addUpdateListener(new ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener() {
                @Override
                public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) {
                    float f = (float) animation.getAnimatedValue();
                    view.setScaleX(f);
                    view.setScaleY(f);
                }
            });
            animator.addListener(new Animator.AnimatorListener() {
                @Override
                public void onAnimationStart(Animator animation) {
                    isAniming = true;
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {
                    view.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
                    isAniming = false;
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onAnimationCancel(Animator animation) {
                    isAniming = false;
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onAnimationRepeat(Animator animation) {
    
                }
            });
            animator.start();
        }
    }
    

    效果图:

    监听CoordinatorLayout中的滑动状态

    Demo地址

    相关文章

      网友评论

      • 19cdd9982f8a:你好 没有BannerActivity啊
      • As_Javen:试了一下最后那个上滑隐藏,下滑显示。
        请问只能隐藏,显示不出来,怎么回事?:pray:
        风少侠:@As_Javen 应该是sdk版本的问题,我以前用的是23的,升级到25确实有这个问题,把GONE改成INVISIBLE就好了,已修复。
        As_Javen:@风少侠 自己敲的也不行,复制你的也不行。纳了闷了!隐藏以后,打断点都不走onNestedScroll这个方法。。
        风少侠:代码是复制的还是自己敲的,有没有 view.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);这句话?

      本文标题:Material之CoordinatorLayout + Beh

      本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/takgmttx.html