前言：动态权限管理是Android6.0（Build.VERSION_CODES.M = Api23）推出的，提醒用户当前APP所需要的权限，防止滥用。这些权限一般分为三种：（1）普通权限：直接manifest清单文件中写上注册就行了 （2）危险权限：需要动态申请 （3）特殊权限：此处暂不说明。
注意：这里我们就按照原生，和git上比较出名的第三方权限管理工具，EasyPermissions和RxPermissions

一、参考

1、android6.0权限管理工具EasyPermissionUtil
2、Android M 新的运行时权限开发者需要知道的一切
3、EasyPermissions Git Url
4、RxPermissions Git Url

二、异常

异常：java.lang.SecurityException: getDeviceId: Neither user 10127 nor current process has android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE.
解释：走到方法getDeviceId这里异常，缺失权限：READ_PHONE_STATE，先检查manifest.xml清单文件里有没有，没有补上，如果有，那么这个权限就得动态获取了。

三、流程

1、第一次询问权限 -》允许权限（再次询问同样权限也不会弹框，已注册）

2、第一次询问权限-》拒绝权限-》再次询问权限-》允许权限（再次询问同样权限也不会弹框，已注册）

3、第一次询问权限-》拒绝权限-》再次询问权限-》不再询问（再次询问同样权限也不会有弹框，直接拒绝）

--------------------几张图片说明--------------------

first_request.png
not_first_request.png
not_first_request_and_not_ask_again.png

四、实例

1、原生，比较长且繁琐，先理解下

    /**
     * 测试：原生动态权限管理
     * */
    private void testOrgPermission(){

        //判断当前系统是否高于或等于6.0
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            //已注册权限
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(instance, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                //todo something
                LogUtil.i("testOrgPermission() : this camera permission is granted");
            }

            //未注册权限，申请权限
            else {
                // v4向下兼容：询问权限（这里可以一个，也可以多个）
                // 拒绝权限后再次询问
                LogUtil.i("testOrgPermission() : this camera premission is denied , " +
                        "ready to request this permission");
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(instance,
                        new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA},
                        REQUEST_PERMISSION_CAMERA_CODE);
            }
        }
        //当前系统小于6.0，无需动态申请权限
        else {
            //todo something
        }

    }

    /**
     * 询问权限的回调函数
     * */
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

        switch (requestCode){
            case REQUEST_PERMISSION_CAMERA_CODE:
                int cameraResult = grantResults[0];//相机权限
                boolean cameraGranted = cameraResult == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;//拍照权限

                //注册权限
                if (cameraGranted) {
                    LogUtil.i("onRequestPermissionsResult() : "+permissions[0]+
                            " request granted , to do something...");
                    //todo something
                }

                //拒绝注册权限
                else {

                    //无权限，且被选择"不再提醒"：提醒客户到APP应用设置中打开权限
                    if(!ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(instance,Manifest.permission.CAMERA)){
                        LogUtil.e("onRequestPermissionsResult() : this "+permissions[0]+" is denied " +
                                "and never ask again");
                        ToastUtil.showShort(instance,"拒绝权限，不再弹出询问框，请前往APP应用设置中打开此权限");
                        //todo nothing
                    }

                    //无权限，只是单纯被拒绝
                    else{
                        LogUtil.e("onRequestPermissionsResult() : "+permissions[0]+"request denied");
                        ToastUtil.showShort(instance,"拒绝权限，等待下次询问哦");
                        //todo request permission again
                    }


                }
                break;

            default:break;
        }

    }

2、EasyPermissions：挺简洁的

//build中依赖easypermissions
dependencies {
    implementation 'pub.devrel:easypermissions:1.1.2'
}

#notice:这里要实现回调接口 Activity implements EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks

    /**
     * 测试：EasyPermission
     * https://github.com/googlesamples/easypermissions
     * */
    private void testEasyPermission(){
        String[] perms = {Manifest.permission.CAMERA};
        if (EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(this, perms)) {
            //todo something
            LogUtil.i("testEasyPermission() : this camera permission is granted");
        } else {
            LogUtil.i("testEasyPermission() : this camera premission is denied , " +
                    "ready to request this permission");
            EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(this, "你TM开相机权限啊！！",
                    REQUEST_PERMISSION_CAMERA_CODE, perms);
        }

//自定义询问框内容部分，可试试看
//        EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(
//                new PermissionRequest.Builder(this, RC_CAMERA_AND_LOCATION, perms)
//                        .setRationale(R.string.camera_and_location_rationale)
//                        .setPositiveButtonText(R.string.rationale_ask_ok)
//                        .setNegativeButtonText(R.string.rationale_ask_cancel)
//                        .setTheme(R.style.my_fancy_style)
//                        .build());
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        // Forward results to EasyPermissions
        EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults, this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, @NonNull List<String> perms) {
        //省略switch requestCode
        LogUtil.i("EasyPermission CallBack onPermissionsGranted() : "+perms.get(0)+
                           " request granted , to do something...");
        //todo somthing
    }

    @Override
    public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, @NonNull List<String> perms) {
        //省略switch requestCode
        //无权限，且被选择"不再提醒"：提醒客户到APP应用设置中打开权限
        if (!ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(instance, Manifest.permission.CAMERA)) {
            LogUtil.e("EasyPermission CallBack onPermissionsDenied() : this " + perms.get(0) + " is denied " +
                    "and never ask again");
            ToastUtil.showShort(instance, "拒绝权限，不再弹出询问框，请前往APP应用设置中打开此权限");
            //todo nothing
        }

        //无权限，只是单纯被拒绝
        else {
            LogUtil.e("EasyPermission CallBack onPermissionsDenied() : " + perms.get(0) + "request denied");
            ToastUtil.showShort(instance, "拒绝权限，等待下次询问哦");
            //todo request permission again
        }


    }

3、RxPermissions：个人觉得更简洁，最好在activity的onCreate()中使用哦

//build中依赖rxjava,rxandroid和rxpermissions
dependencies {
    compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1'
    compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.0.1'
    compile 'com.tbruyelle.rxpermissions2:rxpermissions:0.9.5@aar'
}

/**
     * 测试：RxPermission
     * https://github.com/tbruyelle/RxPermissions
     * */
    private void testRxPermission(){
        RxPermissions rxPermissions = new RxPermissions(this); // where this is an Activity instance

        rxPermissions
                .requestEach(
                        Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
                .subscribe(new Consumer<Permission>() {
                    @Override
                    public void accept(Permission permission) throws Exception {
                        if (permission.granted) {
                            LogUtil.i("testRxPermission CallBack onPermissionsGranted() : "+permission.name+
                                    " request granted , to do something...");
                            //todo somthing
                        }
                        else if (permission.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale) {
                            LogUtil.e("testRxPermission CallBack onPermissionsDenied() : " + permission.name + "request denied");
                            ToastUtil.showShort(instance, "拒绝权限，等待下次询问哦");
                            //todo request permission again
                        }
                        else {
                            LogUtil.e("testRxPermission CallBack onPermissionsDenied() : this " + permission.name + " is denied " +
                                    "and never ask again");
                            ToastUtil.showShort(instance, "拒绝权限，不再弹出询问框，请前往APP应用设置中打开此权限");
                            //todo nothing
                        }
                    }
                });

    }

其他自定义弹出框UI，多个权限询问等