1.什么是贫困?
目标:到2020年,确保我国现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫。
习近平:“农村贫困人口如期脱贫、贫困县全部脱帽、解决区域性整体贫困,是全面建成小康社会的底线人物,是我们作出的庄严承诺。”——2017年2月21日
“新年之际,我最牵挂的还是困难群众。”——2017年主席新年贺词
2.为什么贫困?(历史原因、现阶段原因)
历史原因:
前30年(1949年-1976年):阶级斗争为纲,政治搓帅。文化大革命结束时:“整个国民经济已经濒临崩溃边缘”
后30年(1978年改革开发起):以经济建设为中心,让少部分人先富起来,先富带动后富,由此引出贫富的概念。(1981年至2012年,中国贫困人口减少了7.9亿,占到全球贫困人口的71.82%)
现阶段原因:
农民为什么贫困:素质低、没文化、愚昧、自然环境条件差?
深层原因:制度设计的不合理,比如:产权制度、社会保障制度、教育和医疗制度、土地制度、法律制度、户籍制度、代表制度......
例如:教育,1985年至今,农产品价格涨了不到7倍,农民教育支出涨了几百倍甚至几千倍,负债上学。法律、奢侈品,农民负担不起诉讼费,法律成为富人,有权人欺负穷人的工具。打不起官司,忍气吞声,忍无可忍,进京上访。有理无钱,打官司倾家荡产,走极端,维权者变为违法者!
3.为什么要消除贫困(消除贫困的重要性和意义)
消除贫困、改善民生,实现共同富裕,是社会主义的本质要求,也是中国共产党的重要使命。
It is anessential requirementof socialism as well as a key mission of the CPC as the ruling party to eradicate poverty , improve people’s living standards , and achievecommon prosperityamong the people.
减缓和消除贫困,是人权保障的重要内容
Reducing and eliminating poverty is a major element ofhuman rights protection
( 生存权right to subsistence )
中国的减贫行动是中国人权事业进步的最显著标志
Poverty reduction isthe most telling evidenceof China’s progress in human rights.
党的十八大以来,党中央把扶贫开发摆到治国理政的重要位置,提升到事关全面建成小康社会,实现第一个一百年奋斗目标的新高度,纳入“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局进行决策部署。
Since the 18th National Congress of CPC,the Central Committee has given top priority todevelopment-oriented poverty reductionin itsphilosophy of governance, deeming it vital in its efforts to complete the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC ( founded in 1921 ), which is known to be one of China’s ( Two Centenary Goals ) ( see note ) To this end, poverty reduction has been incorporated into China’s overall approach to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, that is , to promote coordinated progress in economic , political, cultural , social and ecological areas and strategy of four Come as in web bum a moderately ely Implement the rule of law and ,comprehensively strengthen Party discipline ) )
4.如何消除贫困(中国政府的扶贫措施)
保障贫困人口生存权people‘s sight to subsistence
扶持特色产业脱贫Industries with local fathers
连片贫困地区contiguous poverty-stricken/Impoverished areas
农业牧林development of agriculture , forestry and animal husbandry
易地搬迁脱贫settlement of Impoverished population
一方水土养不起一方人people whose land does not provide subsistence
生态保护贫困ecological conservation
天然林资源保护、退耕还林、退牧还草、京津风沙通治理、石漠化综合治理和生物多样性保护
the protection of natural forest resources,returning farmlands to forests and grazing land to grasslands, controlling the sources of sandstorms affecting the Being-Tianjin area,controlling stony desertification , and protecting biological diversity
生态保护奖励机制reward mechanism for grassland ecological protection
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