ARouter源码解析(五)

作者: 俞其荣 | 来源:发表于2019-01-11 00:24 被阅读5次

    arouter-gradle-plugin version : 1.0.2

    AutoRegister : https://github.com/luckybilly/AutoRegister

    前言

    ====

    在本系列的第一篇中讲过,ARouter 可以通过扫描 dex 文件中 class 的全类名,来加载 compiler 生成的路由类。但这种方式影响性能,并且效率也不高。所以在 ARouter v1.3.0 之后的版本中,加入了自动注册的方式进行路由表的加载,自动注册可以缩短初始化时间,解决应用加固导致无法直接访问 dex 文件从而初始化失败的问题。

    那么自动注册到底是什么东东,为什么有这么强大的能力呢?

    那么接下来,我们就来分析分析。

    预先需要了解的知识点:

    • 自定义 gradle plugin

    • gradle transform api

    • 使用 asm 实现字节码插桩

    arouter-register

    ================

    arouter-register 的入口就在 PluginLaunch

    
    public class PluginLaunch implements Plugin<Project> {
    
     @Override
    
     public void apply(Project project) {
    
     def isApp = project.plugins.hasPlugin(AppPlugin)
    
      //only application module needs this plugin to generate register code
    
     if (isApp) {
    
     Logger.make(project)
    
     Logger.i('Project enable arouter-register plugin')
    
     def android = project.extensions.getByType(AppExtension)
    
     def transformImpl = new RegisterTransform(project)
    
      //init arouter-auto-register settings
    
     ArrayList<ScanSetting> list = new ArrayList<>(3)
    
     list.add(new ScanSetting('IRouteRoot'))
    
     list.add(new ScanSetting('IInterceptorGroup'))
    
     list.add(new ScanSetting('IProviderGroup'))
    
     RegisterTransform.registerList = list
    
      //register this plugin
    
     android.registerTransform(transformImpl)
    
     }
    
     }
    
    }
    
    

    从上面的代码可知:

    • 只在 application module (一般都是 app module)生成自动注册的代码;

    • 初始化了自动注册的设置,这样自动注册就知道需要注册 IRouteRoot IInterceptorGroup IProviderGroup 这三者;

    • 注册 RegisterTransform ,字节码插桩将在 RegisterTransform 中完成;

    可以看出,重点就在 RegisterTransform 里面。那我们重点就关注下 RegisterTransform 的代码,这里就贴出 transform 方法的源码了。(关于 Transform 的 InputTypes 和 Scopes 知识点在这就不讲了,如有需要了解的同学可以看 Android 热修复使用Gradle Plugin1.5改造Nuwa插件

    
    class RegisterTransform extends Transform {
    
    @Override
    
    void transform(Context context, Collection<TransformInput> inputs
    
     , Collection<TransformInput> referencedInputs
    
     , TransformOutputProvider outputProvider
    
     , boolean isIncremental) throws IOException, TransformException, InterruptedException {
    
     Logger.i('Start scan register info in jar file.')
    
     long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis()
    
     boolean leftSlash = File.separator == '/'
    
     inputs.each { TransformInput input ->
    
      // 扫描所有的 jar 文件
    
     input.jarInputs.each { JarInput jarInput ->
    
     String destName = jarInput.name
    
      // rename jar files
    
     def hexName = DigestUtils.md5Hex(jarInput.file.absolutePath)
    
     if (destName.endsWith(".jar")) {
    
     destName = destName.substring(0, destName.length() - 4)
    
     }
    
      // 输入的 jar 文件
    
     File src = jarInput.file
    
      // 输出的 jar 文件
    
     File dest = outputProvider.getContentLocation(destName + "_" + hexName, jarInput.contentTypes, jarInput.scopes, Format.JAR)
    
      // 扫描 jar 文件,查找实现 IRouteRoot IInterceptorGroup IProviderGroup 接口的类,并且找到 LogisticsCenter 在哪个 jar 文件中
    
      // 不扫描 com.android.support 开头的 jar
    
     if (ScanUtil.shouldProcessPreDexJar(src.absolutePath)) {
    
      // ScanUtil.scanJar 的代码就不详细展开了,感兴趣的同学可以自己去看下
    
     ScanUtil.scanJar(src, dest)
    
     }
    
     FileUtils.copyFile(src, dest)
    
     }
    
      // 扫描所有的 class 文件,查找实现 IRouteRoot IInterceptorGroup IProviderGroup 接口的类
    
      // 和扫描 jar 做差不多类似的工作。不同的点就是不用再去找 LogisticsCenter 类
    
     input.directoryInputs.each { DirectoryInput directoryInput ->
    
     File dest = outputProvider.getContentLocation(directoryInput.name, directoryInput.contentTypes, directoryInput.scopes, Format.DIRECTORY)
    
     String root = directoryInput.file.absolutePath
    
     if (!root.endsWith(File.separator))
    
     root += File.separator
    
     directoryInput.file.eachFileRecurse { File file ->
    
     def path = file.absolutePath.replace(root, '')
    
     if (!leftSlash) {
    
     path = path.replaceAll("\\\\", "/")
    
     }
    
      // 只处理 com/alibaba/android/arouter/routes/ 开头的 class
    
     if(file.isFile() && ScanUtil.shouldProcessClass(path)){
    
     ScanUtil.scanClass(file)
    
     }
    
     }
    
      // copy to dest
    
     FileUtils.copyDirectory(directoryInput.file, dest)
    
     }
    
     }
    
     Logger.i('Scan finish, current cost time ' + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) + "ms")
    
      // 这里开始字节码插桩操作
    
     if (fileContainsInitClass) {
    
      // 遍历之前找的 IRouteRoot IInterceptorGroup IProviderGroup
    
     registerList.each { ext ->
    
     Logger.i('Insert register code to file ' + fileContainsInitClass.absolutePath)
    
     if (ext.classList.isEmpty()) {
    
     Logger.e("No class implements found for interface:" + ext.interfaceName)
    
     } else {
    
     ext.classList.each {
    
     Logger.i(it)
    
     }
    
      // 对 LogisticsCenter.class 做字节码插桩
    
     RegisterCodeGenerator.insertInitCodeTo(ext)
    
     }
    
     }
    
     }
    
     Logger.i("Generate code finish, current cost time: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) + "ms")
    
    }
    
    }
    
    

    上面代码的逻辑很清晰,按照之前设置好的 IRouteRoot IInterceptorGroup IProviderGroup 这三个接口,然后扫描整个项目的代码,分别找到这三者各自的实现类,然后加入到集合中。最后在 LogisticsCenter 中实现字节码插桩。

    我们来详细看下 RegisterCodeGenerator.insertInitCodeTo(ext) 的代码

    
    static void insertInitCodeTo(ScanSetting registerSetting) {
    
     if (registerSetting != null && !registerSetting.classList.isEmpty()) {
    
     RegisterCodeGenerator processor = new RegisterCodeGenerator(registerSetting)
    
      // RegisterTransform.fileContainsInitClass 就是包含了 LogisticsCenter.class 的那个 jar 文件
    
     File file = RegisterTransform.fileContainsInitClass
    
     if (file.getName().endsWith('.jar'))
    
     // 开始处理
    
     processor.insertInitCodeIntoJarFile(file)
    
     }
    
    }
    
    

    插入的操作在 insertInitCodeIntoJarFile 中实现。

    
    private File insertInitCodeIntoJarFile(File jarFile) {
    
     if (jarFile) {
    
     def optJar = new File(jarFile.getParent(), jarFile.name + ".opt")
    
     if (optJar.exists())
    
     optJar.delete()
    
     def file = new JarFile(jarFile)
    
     Enumeration enumeration = file.entries()
    
     JarOutputStream jarOutputStream = new JarOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(optJar))
    
      // 遍历 jar 文件中的 class
    
     while (enumeration.hasMoreElements()) {
    
     JarEntry jarEntry = (JarEntry) enumeration.nextElement()
    
     String entryName = jarEntry.getName()
    
     ZipEntry zipEntry = new ZipEntry(entryName)
    
     InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream(jarEntry)
    
     jarOutputStream.putNextEntry(zipEntry)
    
      // 如果是 LogisticsCenter.class 的话
    
     if (ScanSetting.GENERATE_TO_CLASS_FILE_NAME == entryName) {
    
     Logger.i('Insert init code to class >> ' + entryName)
    
     // 插桩操作
    
     def bytes = referHackWhenInit(inputStream)
    
     jarOutputStream.write(bytes)
    
     } else {
    
     jarOutputStream.write(IOUtils.toByteArray(inputStream))
    
     }
    
     inputStream.close()
    
     jarOutputStream.closeEntry()
    
     }
    
     jarOutputStream.close()
    
     file.close()
    
      // 把字节码插桩的 jar 替换掉原来旧的 jar 文件
    
     if (jarFile.exists()) {
    
     jarFile.delete()
    
     }
    
     optJar.renameTo(jarFile)
    
     }
    
     return jarFile
    
    }
    
    

    字节码插桩的代码还在 referHackWhenInit 方法中。

    
    //refer hack class when object init
    
    private byte[] referHackWhenInit(InputStream inputStream) {
    
     ClassReader cr = new ClassReader(inputStream)
    
     ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(cr, 0)
    
     ClassVisitor cv = new MyClassVisitor(Opcodes.ASM5, cw)
    
     cr.accept(cv, ClassReader.EXPAND_FRAMES)
    
     return cw.toByteArray()
    
    }
    
    class MyClassVisitor extends ClassVisitor {
    
     MyClassVisitor(int api, ClassVisitor cv) {
    
     super(api, cv)
    
     }
    
     void visit(int version, int access, String name, String signature,
    
     String superName, String[] interfaces) {
    
     super.visit(version, access, name, signature, superName, interfaces)
    
     }
    
     @Override
    
     MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String desc,
    
     String signature, String[] exceptions) {
    
     MethodVisitor mv = super.visitMethod(access, name, desc, signature, exceptions)
    
      // 对 loadRouterMap 这个方法进行代码插入
    
     if (name == ScanSetting.GENERATE_TO_METHOD_NAME) {
    
     mv = new RouteMethodVisitor(Opcodes.ASM5, mv)
    
     }
    
     return mv
    
     }
    
    }
    
    class RouteMethodVisitor extends MethodVisitor {
    
     RouteMethodVisitor(int api, MethodVisitor mv) {
    
     super(api, mv)
    
     }
    
     @Override
    
     void visitInsn(int opcode) {
    
      // 插入的代码在 return 之前
    
     if ((opcode >= Opcodes.IRETURN && opcode <= Opcodes.RETURN)) {
    
     extension.classList.each { name ->
    
     name = name.replaceAll("/", ".")
    
     mv.visitLdcInsn(name)//这里的name就是之前扫描出来的 IRouteRoot IInterceptorGroup IProviderGroup 实现类名
    
      // 生成 LogisticsCenter.register(name) 代码
    
     mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC
    
     , ScanSetting.GENERATE_TO_CLASS_NAME
    
     , ScanSetting.REGISTER_METHOD_NAME
    
     , "(Ljava/lang/String;)V"
    
     , false)
    
     }
    
     }
    
     super.visitInsn(opcode)
    
     }
    
     @Override
    
     void visitMaxs(int maxStack, int maxLocals) {
    
     super.visitMaxs(maxStack + 4, maxLocals)
    
     }
    
    }
    
    

    最终,生成的代码会像下面所示:

    
    private static void loadRouterMap() {
    
     registerByPlugin = false;
    
      //auto generate register code by gradle plugin: arouter-auto-register
    
      // looks like below:
    
     register("com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Root$$app");
    
     register("com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Interceptors$$app");
    
     register("com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Group$$arouter");
    
    }
    
    

    那么顺便来跟踪一下 register 方法的代码,看看里面是如何完成路由表注册的。

    
    private static void register(String className) {
    
     if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(className)) {
    
     try {
    
     Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className);
    
     Object obj = clazz.getConstructor().newInstance();
    
     if (obj instanceof IRouteRoot) {
    
     registerRouteRoot((IRouteRoot) obj);
    
     } else if (obj instanceof IProviderGroup) {
    
     registerProvider((IProviderGroup) obj);
    
     } else if (obj instanceof IInterceptorGroup) {
    
     registerInterceptor((IInterceptorGroup) obj);
    
     } else {
    
     logger.info(TAG, "register failed, class name: " + className
    
     + " should implements one of IRouteRoot/IProviderGroup/IInterceptorGroup.");
    
     }
    
     } catch (Exception e) {
    
     logger.error(TAG,"register class error:" + className);
    
     }
    
     }
    
    }
    
    // 注册 IRouteRoot 类型
    
    private static void registerRouteRoot(IRouteRoot routeRoot) {
    
     markRegisteredByPlugin();
    
     if (routeRoot != null) {
    
     routeRoot.loadInto(Warehouse.groupsIndex);
    
     }
    
    }
    
    // 注册 IInterceptorGroup 类型
    
    private static void registerInterceptor(IInterceptorGroup interceptorGroup) {
    
     markRegisteredByPlugin();
    
     if (interceptorGroup != null) {
    
     interceptorGroup.loadInto(Warehouse.interceptorsIndex);
    
     }
    
    }
    
    // 注册 IProviderGroup 类型
    
    private static void registerProvider(IProviderGroup providerGroup) {
    
     markRegisteredByPlugin();
    
     if (providerGroup != null) {
    
     providerGroup.loadInto(Warehouse.providersIndex);
    
     }
    
    }
    
    // 标记通过gradle plugin完成自动注册
    
    private static void markRegisteredByPlugin() {
    
     if (!registerByPlugin) {
    
     registerByPlugin = true;
    
     }
    
    }
    
    

    这样相比之下,自动注册的方式确实比扫描 dex 文件更高效,扫描 dex 文件是在 app 运行时操作的,这样会影响 app 的性能,对用户造成不好的体验。而自动注册是在 build 的时候完成字节码插桩的,对运行时不产生影响。

    学了今天这招,以后 compiler 生成的代码需要注册的步骤都可以通过自动注册来完成了,赞一个👍

    番外

    ====

    之前看到自动注册这么神奇,所以想看下插入字节码之后 LogisticsCenter 代码的效果,所以反编译了一下 ARouter demo apk,可以看到 LogisticsCenter.smali 的 loadRouterMap 方法:

    
    .method private static loadRouterMap()V
    
      .locals  1
    
     .line 64
    
     const/4 v0, 0x0
    
     sput-boolean v0, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->registerByPlugin:Z
    
     .line 69
    
      const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Root$$modulejava"
    
     invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V
    
      const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Root$$modulekotlin"
    
     invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V
    
      const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Root$$arouterapi"
    
     invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V
    
      const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Root$$app"
    
     invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V
    
      const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Interceptors$$modulejava"
    
     invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V
    
      const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Interceptors$$app"
    
     invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V
    
      const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Providers$$modulejava"
    
     invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V
    
      const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Providers$$modulekotlin"
    
     invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V
    
      const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Providers$$arouterapi"
    
     invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V
    
      const-string v0, "com.alibaba.android.arouter.routes.ARouter$$Providers$$app"
    
     invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/alibaba/android/arouter/core/LogisticsCenter;->register(Ljava/lang/String;)V
    
      return-void
    
    .end method
    
    

    确实符合我们的预期啊,真好!

    References

    ==========

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