“英文部分来自经济学人，译文仅供个人研习、欣赏语言之用，谢绝任何转载及用于任何商业用途。本译文所涉法律后果均由本人承担。本人同意简书平台在接获有关著作权人的通知后，删除文章。”
Copycats are out, innovators are in
山寨者已出局创新者正当时
ON A RECENT weekend several hundred academics and lawyers gathered in a hotel ballroom in Shenzhen for a discussion on “Innovation, inclusion and order”, an event jointly organised by the law schools at Peking, Oxford and Stanford universities. Legal conferences can be soporific, especially in China, and a scholar from Beijing duly set the tone by asserting that “order is important in the market.” But one of the local speakers livened things up by delivering a surprisingly stout defence of disruptive innovation. Xu Youjun, vice-chairman of the Shenzhen division of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, a government advisory body, said Shenzhen owed its success not to the government or the Communist Party but to its policy of allowing people to go “beyond the planned economy”.
最近一个周末，数百名学者和律师齐聚在深圳一家宾馆的宴会厅，参加由北京大学、牛津大学和斯坦福大学的法学院联合举办的研讨会，主题是“创新、包容和秩序”。法律会议，特别是中国的法律会议，往往使人昏昏欲睡。一位北京学者定了个基调，断言“秩序在市场中的作用最为重要”。不过，一位深圳本地的发言者，为颠覆性的创新作了大胆的辩论，现场的气氛活跃了起来。深圳市政协副主席徐友军表示，深圳的成功不是政府或共产党，而是因为深圳的政策让人们超越了“计划经济”。
The city imposes few limits on freedom of movement (though only a minority of its population has an officialhukou, or household-registration certificate), is relaxed about employment contracts and does not discriminate against outsiders. “People are the greatest source of our growth,” Mr Xu concluded. The contrasting views of the boffin from Beijing and the local apparatchik help explain how disruptive entrepreneurs turned Shenzhen into one of the world’s most innovative cities.
深圳对自由流动限制很少（虽然只有一小部分人拥有户口），对就业合同要求较为宽松，对外来人口没有歧视。“人是我们的发展之源”，徐友军总结道。来自北京的学究和本地官员的解释大相径庭，但有助于解释敢闯敢干的企业家如何将深圳变成了世界上最具备创新能力的城市之一。
Between 1980 and 2016 Shenzhen’s GDP in real terms grew at an average annual rate of 22% and today stands at 2trn yuan. The city’s Nanshan district, home to about 125 listed firms with a combined market value of nearly $400bn, has a higher income per person than Hong Kong. Unlike Beijing, which has many top-flight universities, Shenzhen has only a handful of lacklustre institutions of higher learning; but so many graduates from all over China flock to the city that they make up a greater share of its population than do graduates in Beijing.
从1980年到2016年，深圳实际GDP的年增长率在22%，如今的GDP为2万亿元。深圳南山区拥有125家上市企业，市值总计约4千万亿美元，人均收入超过香港。与北京不同，北京有国内顶尖的高校，而深圳只有几家乏善可陈的高等院校，但来自全国各地的高校毕业生们蜂拥而至，占人口比例甚至比北京更高。
Shenzhen spends over 4% of its GDP on research and development (R&D), double the mainland average; in Nanshan the share is over 6%. Most of the money comes from private firms. Companies in Shenzhen file more international patents (which are mostly high quality, unlike many of the domestic Chinese ones) than those in France or Britain
深圳4%的GDP用于研发，是中国大陆平均水平的两倍，在南山区这个比例更高达6%。大部分的资金来自于私营企业。深圳公司申请国际专利数量（与很多中国国内专利不同，这些大多是高质量专利）比法国或英国都要多。
网友评论