JNI处理图片——黑白滤镜

作者: oceanLong | 来源:发表于2017-07-16 01:54 被阅读378次

    前言

    在Android的开发中,我们有时会遇到对性能要求比较高的模块。所幸Android通过NDK为我们提供了c++开发的方式。我们可以通过c++完成核心的耗时的计算,然后通过JNI的方式将处理完成的数据传给Java层。

    今天,我们就从一个很小的角度(Bitmap)的处理,来实践NDK开发的方式。开发一个小小的图片滤镜。

    准备

    新版本的Android Studio在新建工程时,就可以选择Include C++ support

    当我们勾上这个选择后,Android Studio就会帮我们自动完成,c++开发目录的创建。

    我们先看一下CMakeLists.txt:

    # For more information about using CMake with Android Studio, read the
    # documentation: https://d.android.com/studio/projects/add-native-code.html
    
    # Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library.
    
    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)
    
    # Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC
    # or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code.
    # You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you.
    # Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.
    
    add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
                 native-lib
    
                 # Sets the library as a shared library.
                 SHARED
    
                 # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
                 src/main/cpp/native-lib.cpp )
    
    # Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a
    # variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by
    # default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library
    # you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before
    # completing its build.
    
    find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
                  log-lib
    
                  # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
                  # you want CMake to locate.
                  log )
    
    # Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You
    # can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this
    # build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.
    
    target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
                           native-lib jnigraphics
    
                           # Links the target library to the log library
                           # included in the NDK.
                           ${log-lib} )
    
    

    我们可以看到,这个文件中,包含了我们需要使用的cpp库和cpp文件。由于这一次的例子,我们需要开发Bitmap相关的功能,所以我加入了jnigraphics

    Java

    先看代码:

    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
        private ImageView mImg1, mImg2;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            mImg1 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.img_test1_id);
            mImg2 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.img_test2_id);
        }
    
    
        /**
         * 确定native处理图片的接口
         * @param bitmap 需要被处理的图片
         */
        public native void nativeProcessBitmap(Bitmap bitmap);
    
        /**
         * 引入native库
         */
        static {
            System.loadLibrary("native-lib");
        }
    
        /**
         * 点击开始加载图片
         * @param view
         */
        public void onLoadClick(View view) {
            Bitmap originalBitmap = loadBitmap();
            mImg1.setImageBitmap(originalBitmap);
            Bitmap resultBitmap = processBitmap(originalBitmap);
            mImg2.setImageBitmap(resultBitmap);
        }
    
        /**
         * 从assets中加载图片
         * @return
         */
        private Bitmap loadBitmap() {
            Bitmap bmp = null;
            AssetManager am = getResources().getAssets();
            try {
                InputStream is = am.open("test_img.jpg");
                BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
                bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is ,null , options);
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return bmp;
        }
    
        /**
         * 处理图片,此方法中会调用nativeProcessBitmap
         * @param bitmap
         * @return
         */
        private Bitmap processBitmap(Bitmap bitmap) {
            Bitmap bmp = bitmap.copy(Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888, true);
            nativeProcessBitmap( bmp);
            return bmp;
        }
    }
    

    代码比较简单。不作过多的解释。
    与图片相关的事情只有两件:

    1. 引入native-lib
    1. 确定了native接口:public native void nativeProcessBitmap(Bitmap bitmap);

    其他的代码都是为了demo效果写的一些业务代码,不作过多赘述。

    C++

    由于c++的代码比较长,我们分段来看。

    #include <jni.h>
    #include <string>
    
    #include <android/bitmap.h>
    #include <android/log.h>
    
    #ifndef eprintf
    #define eprintf(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR,"@",__VA_ARGS__)
    
    #endif
    
    

    这一段主要引入了我们需要的库并宏定义了eprintf,方便我们打日志并进行调试。

    #define MAKE_RGB565(r,g,b) ((((r) >> 3) << 11) | (((g) >> 2) << 5) | ((b) >> 3))
    #define MAKE_ARGB(a,r,g,b) ((a&0xff)<<24) | ((r&0xff)<<16) | ((g&0xff)<<8) | (b&0xff)
    
    #define RGB565_R(p) ((((p) & 0xF800) >> 11) << 3)
    #define RGB565_G(p) ((((p) & 0x7E0 ) >> 5)  << 2)
    #define RGB565_B(p) ( ((p) & 0x1F  )        << 3)
    
    #define RGB8888_A(p) (p & (0xff<<24) >> 24 )
    #define RGB8888_R(p) (p & (0xff<<16) >> 16 )
    #define RGB8888_G(p) (p & (0xff<<8)  >> 8 )
    #define RGB8888_B(p) (p & (0xff) )
    
    

    这一段定义了RGB565和ARGB8888的读写方法。对于RGB565和ARGB8888格式不熟悉的同学,可以参考:

    http://blog.csdn.net/fence2012/article/details/44928871

    值得注意的是虽然RGB565的三色只有5位信息,但其实它们的值是8位,提供的5位信息是高5位的信息。

    extern "C"
    {
    
        JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
        Java_com_live_longsiyang_jnibitmapdemo_MainActivity_nativeProcessBitmap(JNIEnv *env,
                                                                                jobject instance,
                                                                                jobject bitmap) {
    
            if (bitmap == NULL) {
                eprintf("bitmap is null\n");
                return;
            }
    
            AndroidBitmapInfo bitmapInfo;
            memset(&bitmapInfo , 0 , sizeof(bitmapInfo));
            // Need add "jnigraphics" into target_link_libraries in CMakeLists.txt
            AndroidBitmap_getInfo(env , bitmap , &bitmapInfo);
    
            // Lock the bitmap to get the buffer
            void * pixels = NULL;
            int res = AndroidBitmap_lockPixels(env, bitmap, &pixels);
    
            // From top to bottom
            int x = 0, y = 0;
            for (y = 0; y < bitmapInfo.height; ++y) {
                // From left to right
                for (x = 0; x < bitmapInfo.width; ++x) {
                    int a = 0, r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
                    void *pixel = NULL;
                    // Get each pixel by format
    
                    if(bitmapInfo.format == ANDROID_BITMAP_FORMAT_RGBA_8888)
                    {
                        pixel = ((uint32_t *)pixels) + y * bitmapInfo.width + x;
                        int r,g,b;
                        uint32_t v = *((uint32_t *)pixel);
                        r = RGB8888_R(v);
                        g = RGB8888_G(v);
                        b = RGB8888_B(v);
                        int sum = r+g+b;
                        *((uint32_t *)pixel) = MAKE_ARGB(0x1f , sum/3, sum/3, sum/3);
                    }
                    else if (bitmapInfo.format == ANDROID_BITMAP_FORMAT_RGB_565) {
                        pixel = ((uint16_t *)pixels) + y * bitmapInfo.width + x;
                        int r,g,b;
                        uint16_t v = *((uint16_t *)pixel);
                        r = RGB565_R(v);
                        g = RGB565_G(v);
                        b = RGB565_B(v);
                        int sum = r+g+b;
                        *((uint16_t *)pixel) = MAKE_RGB565(sum/3, sum/3, sum/3);  }
                }
            }
    
            AndroidBitmap_unlockPixels(env, bitmap);
    
        }
    
    }
    
    

    这一段代码虽然长,但逻辑其实非常简单。

            AndroidBitmapInfo bitmapInfo;
            memset(&bitmapInfo , 0 , sizeof(bitmapInfo));
            // Need add "jnigraphics" into target_link_libraries in CMakeLists.txt
            AndroidBitmap_getInfo(env , bitmap , &bitmapInfo);
    
    

    我们通过bitmap获得AndroidBitmapInfo对象。AndroidBitmapInfo为我们提供了Bitmap的所有信息。

    然后我们,再调用AndroidBitmap_lockPixels:

            void * pixels = NULL;
            int res = AndroidBitmap_lockPixels(env, bitmap, &pixels);
    

    获得bitmap的像素矩阵,并将它存放在&pixels中。

    pixels的每一位就包含了一个像素点的颜色信息。因此在RGB565模式下,它就是16位的,在ARGB8888模式下,它就是24位的。最后,我对RGB三色的值取了平均,从而得到一个新的图片。在这个图片中,RGB三色的值是相等的。因此,它是一个黑白图片。

    我们在修改图片的像素值时,图片其实是被锁定的,修改完成后,我们需要解锁:

            AndroidBitmap_unlockPixels(env, bitmap);
    

    至此,我们的图片修改就完成了。最后看一下效果。

    如有问题,欢迎指正。

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      网友评论

      • ring00:这个性能有点差,建议用 neon 改写,性能爆表
        oceanLong:我学习一下,感谢大神指点。
      • xiasuhuei321:我运行成功了,的确是没有头文件的问题。在生成头文件的时候可能会碰到坑:无法确定Bitmap签名,解决方法:http://www.jianshu.com/p/b49bdcbfb5ed。生成头文件之后,用include<>将之加入到cpp中,结果报找不到头文件。后来改用include" "解决,详细请看:http://blog.csdn.net/jeffasd/article/details/51043534
      • xiasuhuei321:有源码吗,我最近刚接触Android的NDK,尝试了一下。首先运行的时候报错,我想可能是没生成头文件,生成头文件的时候报了一个找不到Bitmap,后来解决了生成头文件,include的时候又报找不到头文件。。

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