Thirteen equals One

 Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.

One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start，the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.

　　'Whatever are you doing up here Bill?'asked the vicar in surprise.

'I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill.'I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.'

　　'You certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar. 'You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.'

　　That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it."

We'll get used to that, Bill,' said the vicar. "Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better than nothing. Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea.'

参考译文

我们教区的牧师总是为各种各样的事筹集资金。但始终未能筹足资金（请人）把教堂的钟修好。教堂的钟很大，以前不分昼夜打点报时，但很多年前遭到毁坏，从此便无声无息了。

　　一天夜里，我们的牧师突然被惊醒了，大钟又在“打点”报时了!他一看表，才1点钟，可是那钟一边敲了13下才停。牧师拿着一支电筒走上钟楼想去看看究竟发生了什么事情。借着电筒光。他看见一个人，马上认出那是本地杂货店主经比尔.威尔金斯。

　　“你究竟在这上面干什么，比尔?”牧师惊讶地问。

　　“我想把这口钟修好，”比尔回答说。“好几个星期了，我天天夜里到钟楼上来。嗯，我是想让你大吃一惊。”

　　“你确实使我大吃了一惊!”牧师说，“也许同时你把村里所有的人都吵醒了。不过，钟又能报时了，我还是很高兴的。”

　　“问题就在这里，牧师，”比尔回答说。“不错，钟能报时了，但是，恐怕每到1点钟，它总要敲13下，对此我已无能为力了。”

　　“大家慢慢就习惯了，比尔，”牧师说。“13下是不如1下好，但总比1下也不敲强。来，咱们下楼去喝杯茶吧。”

新词短语

equal          v. 等于

vicar           n. 牧师

raise           v. 募集，筹(款)

torchlight   n. 电筒光

get used to  习惯于

recognize as  认出是……，承认是……

manage to do 设法做某事

night  after night  夜复一夜

have sth. done   让 / 叫 / 使 / 请别人做某事。宾语sth 后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明sth 与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系

你一定想象不到，后面还有干货！

句子分析

I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now.

好几个星期了，我天天夜里到钟楼上来

语法分析：此句为现在完成进行时态。用来表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在，可能会持续下去，也可能停止，本句用图表示如下：

I 为动作的执行者，作主语，have been coming up 作谓语，here作宾语，night after night 表动作的频率，for weeks 表动作持续的时间作状语。

简单给大家说一说现在完成进行时态及与现在完成时态的区别

现在完成进行时结构为： have/has been + 现在分词，用以表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，之后可能会继续下去，也可能停止。

例：Tom has been playing basketball for 3 hours.（汤姆已经打了3个小时的篮球了——仍将继续打）

很好懂是吧？但是，初学英语的同学容易把现在完成时和现在完成进行时搞混了，如：

He has worked here for 20 years.他在这里工作了20年

He has been working here for 20 years. 他在这里工作了20年

这两句字面意思相同都相同，到底哪句是对的呢？该用现在完成进行时还是现在完成时呢？答案请看下面的图片，这是从之前的文章里摘取的

对于时态不了解的同学请看我另一篇文章《16种时态》

he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.

他看见一个人，马上认出那是本地杂货店主经比尔.威尔金斯。

语法知识点：此句为关系词whom引导的定语从句修饰figure，whom在从句中作宾语，从句的主语为he，谓语为动词recognize（可译为“认出…是…”） ,asBill Wilkins作补语。

如果你不知道定语从句？

定语从句和同位语从句总是分不清楚？

那么，请往下看……

定语从句：一个句子跟在一个名词或代词后，对这个名词（代词）进行修饰限定的句子就叫定语从句， 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词；

关系词有以下几种：

关系代词：who，whom，which，that，在从句中可作主语或宾语

The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. （我昨天买的那本书是鲁迅写的）

表所属的关系代词：whose，译为“……的”在从句中作定语

例1： Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?（你知道那个穿白色裙子的女孩吗？）

例2：Did you read  the book whose cover is red? (你读过红色封面的那本书吗？）

关系副词：why=for which，where=in/ at/ on which，when=during/ on/ in/……在从句中作状语

例：I don't know the reason why he was late.（我不知道他为什么迟到）

关系词在句中作用有3种：

连接作用，连接主句和定语从句

指代前面的先行词

在定语从句中担当成分

定语从句会不会用，关键在于选对关系词，关系词的选择要依据2种情况来定：

1. 看先行词（被定语从句修饰的词）

先行词是是“物”可能用which,that,whose,where,when,why等

先行词是“人”可能用who,whom,that,whose等

2. 看关系词在定语从句中所担任的句子成分

① 先行词是人且关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that,

He is a man who never breaks his word. 他是个从不食言的人

② 先行词是人且关系词在从句中作宾语，用whom/that

He is the man whom I think to be nice. 我认为他是个很不错的人

③ 先行词是物且关系词在定语从句中作主语，用that,which.

The dog that \ which won the race is John’s. 比赛获胜的那头狗是约翰的

④ 先行词是物且关系词在从句中作宾语，用that,which，也可以省略

The letter(that \ which) I received yesterday was from my brother.我昨天收到的那封信是我兄弟寄来的。

记住：关系代词作宾语或表语是可以省略的，作主语是不能省略的，因为主语后直接是动词，省略的话就出现先行词直接接从句动词的语法错误。举例：Is there anything that you want to say? 中的that就可以省略。而He is the headmaster of this school who also teaches Chemistry. 中的who就不能省略。

⑤ 先行词是“人”或“物”，关系词在从句中作定语表所属关系，用whose引导定语从句

例：That is a book whose cover is blue.那是一本封面是蓝色的书.（先行词是“物”book,所属关系词whose在定语从句中做定语修饰cover）

注意：表示所属关系不仅仅是人，“物的”也是可以的，比如房子的窗户在定语从句中有三个说法，the house whose window = the window of which = of which the window.这个就叫做所属关系，因此所属关系除了whose以外就有两个，对人是of whom,对物是of which。

⑥ 先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，则用关系副词引导定语从句

I don't know the reason why he was late.

This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.

I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.

注意：如果从句中的谓语动词是及物动词且后面无宾语，那么，即使先行词是表时间、地点或理由的名词，也不能用关系副词（when，why，where），而要用可作宾语的关系代词that或which，要考试的同学们千万千万要记住哦！

如：This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(不能用Where he has lived for 15 year.)。因为live 为及物动词，及物动词必须要接宾语，而where为副词只能做状语，必须要用能做宾语的that或which代替

下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句

先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 

例 ：All that we have to do is to practise English. 我们要做的就是练习英语

先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰

例：The first letter that I got from him will be kept. 我从他那里得到的第一封信将会被保存下来

先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰

例：I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.

先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时

例：He is the only person that I want to talk with.他是唯一一个我想交谈的人

先行词既有人又有物时

例:They talked about persons and things that they met.

当句中已有who时 ， 为避免重复用that

 如 ： Who is the man that is giving us the class?

这期就到这里了，欢迎大家积极留言补充！

最后给大家一个小问题，判别下面哪句是定语从句？

A. The news that he will come back is true.

B. The news that he told me is true.

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