Day 1-DeepMind and London hospit

地道表达

• 1.Google’s DeepMind has developed artificial intelligence to diagnose diseases by analysing medical images, in what could be the first significant application of AI in healthcare.

• 2.London-based DeepMind has crunched data from thousands of retinal scans to train an AI algorithm to detect signs of eye disease more quickly and efficiently than human specialists.
  [crunch]对其进行数学运算；处理；（用计算机或电脑）运算。
  [algorithm]算法；运算法则；
  [detect] v. 洞察；查明；探查；（detection-n. 查明；探查）

• 3.Findings have been submitted to a medical journal by the company after “promising signs” from a two-year partnership with the National Health Service and London’s Moorfields Eye Hospital, one of the best-known in the world for ophthalmology. The technology could enter clinical trials in a few years if results pass a peer review by academics.
  [ophthalmology]眼科
  [peer review] 同行评议

• 4.“In areas like medical imaging, you can see we’re going to make really tremendous progress in the next couple of years with artificial intelligence,” Dominic King, clinical lead for DeepMind Health, told the Financial Times.
  [tremendous]极大的，巨大的；惊人的；极好的

• 5.DeepMind’s algorithm has been trained using anonymised 3D retinal scans provided by Moorfields and painstakingly labelled for signs of disease by doctors. The DeepMind division has now begun discussing clinical trials with hospitals including Moorfields.
  [anonymised]匿名的；
  [painstakingly]细心地；专注地；辛苦地；（assiduously；exhaustively；meticulously）
  [labelled]标记
  [division] 部门；除法；分配；分割；师（军队）；赛区（divisive引起分歧的；导致分裂的）

• 6.Because the images provide rich data with millions of pixels of information, the algorithm can learn to analyse them for signs of three of the biggest eye diseases: glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
  [pixels] 像素（px）

7. Peng Tee Khaw, director of research and development at Moorfields, said: “I am optimistic that what we learn from this research will benefit people around the world and help put an end to avoidable sight loss.”

8. The artificial intelligence is “generalised”, according to Dr King, meaning it can be applied to other kinds of images. DeepMind said the next stage would involve training the algorithm to analyse radiotherapy scans, through a partnership with University College London Hospitals, and mammograms, in partnership with Imperial College London.
   [generalised]概括；推广；形成概念的；it can be applied to other kinds of images；
   [involve]包含；含有；参与；牵涉；牵连；（involvement参与；连累；投入）
   [mammograms]乳腺造影（molybdenum target mammogram钼靶）；

专业知识

• [DeepMind] DeepMind 是AI研究的世界领到者并将其研究运用于积极领域。DeepMind于2010年在伦敦成立，并且由一些世界上最成功的技术创业者提供技术支持。在2014年被谷歌收购，现在DeepMind隶属于Alphabet group。公司仍位于创始地伦敦，并且在加拿大埃德蒙顿和蒙特利尔有新增的研究中心，并在加利福利亚山景城有DeepMind的运用团队

• [National Health Service]英国医疗卫生服务体系，以社区为主的基层医疗及以医院为主体的二级医疗体系。貌似NHS是医疗体系、政策，而非机构，与MHRA之间无从属关系。待进一步确认.
  [retinal scans]视网膜扫描
  [glaucoma]青光眼
  青光眼是眼压超越了眼球内部组织，特别是视神经所能承受的限度，引起特征性的视神经萎缩和视野缺损。
  青光眼检查眼压是最基本的检查项目，前房角检查主要用来区分闭角型青光眼和开角型青光眼，立体眼底照像和视野检查在青光眼诊断中具有重要作用，是诊断青光眼的金标准。
  [diabetic retinopathy]糖尿病视网膜病变
  糖尿病性视网膜病变是糖尿病在眼睛的一种并发症，累及部位为视网膜微血管，微血管受到高血糖的慢性损伤，会闭塞，导致视网膜缺血缺氧，进而形成增殖性病变，使视网膜受到严重破坏。
  检查排除，单纯查眼底镜，二期以上眼底荧光造影检查，4-6期查眼部彩超。
  [age-related macular degeneration]老年黄斑变性
  多见于60岁以上老年人，视物减退，视物变形。