1.目标

利用爬虫学习1的大概框架
爬取嗅事百科的段子

2.实现方法流程大概流程

流程

2.1 url_manager

class UrlManager(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.new_urls = set()
        self.old_urls = set()

    def add_new_url(self,url):
        if url is None:
            return
        if url not in self.new_urls and url not in self.old_urls:
            self.new_urls.add(url)

    def get_new_url(self):
        new_url = self.new_urls.pop()#get the url from the url list and delete it
        self.old_urls.add(new_url)
        return new_url
    
    def has_new_url(self):
        return (len(self.new_urls) != 0)

    def add_new_urls(self,urls):
        if urls is None or len(urls) == 0:
            return 
        for url in urls:
            self.add_new_url(url)

2.2 parser

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup#利用了bs4
import urllib
import re#没用用正则表达
class Pars_er(object):    


    def _get_page_datas(self,soup):
        page_datas = []
        contents = soup.find_all('div',class_='content')
       #所有段子均在div class=content的div中find_all返回的是list[ ]
        #print('hello')
        for content in contents:
            #print(content.get_text())
            page_datas.append(content.get_text())
       return page_datas
       #返回的也是一个列表，列表中的是内容str类型的

    def parse(self,do_content):
        if page_url is None or do_content is None:
            return
        #print('parsering')
        soup = BeautifulSoup(do_content,'html.parser',from_encoding='utf-8')
            #        new_urls = self._get_new_urls(page_url,soup)
        new_data = self._get_page_datas(soup)
        return new_data

2.3 downloader

import urllib.request
import urllib
class DownLoader(object):

 def download(self,url):
        user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'
        headers = {'User-agent':user_agent}
 
        request = urllib.request.Request(url,headers=headers)
        html = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
        return html.read()

这里的downloader应用了代理这个是python3x的典型写法与python2不同；

2.4 xiubai_spider

import downloader, par,outputer,url_manager
#from parser import Pars_er
#from outputer import OutPuter
#from url_manager import UrlManager
class SpiderMain(object):


    def __init__(self):
        self.urls = url_manager.UrlManager()
        self.downloader = downloader.DownLoader()
        self.parse = par.Pars_er()
        self.outpute = outputer.OutPuter()



    def crawl(self,root_url):
        count = 1
        self.urls.add_new_url(root_url)
        new_url = self.urls.get_new_url()
        number = input('the page you want to crawl? ')
        if int(number) == 1:
            downloaded_content =self.downloader.download(new_url)
            new_datas = self.parse.parse(downloaded_content)
            print(len(new_datas))
            for new_data in new_datas:
                self.outpute.output_info(new_data,count)
                #count += 1
        else:
            while(count <= int(number)):
                phase = 0
                downloaded_content =self.downloader.download(new_url)
                new_datas = self.parse.parse(downloaded_content)
                print(len(new_datas))
                for new_data in new_datas:
                    phase += 1
                    self.outpute.output_info(new_data,count,phase)
                count += 1
                new_url = "http://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/"+str(count)+"/?s=4974494" 


if __name__ ==  "__main__":
    root_url = "http://www.qiushibaike.com/"
    obj_spider = SpiderMain()
    obj_spider.crawl(root_url)

观察到第一页不同之外，之后的url有明显的规律
"http://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/"+str(count)+"/?s=4974494"
其中str（count）为大于1的页数得到就是url

2.5 outputer

class OutPuter(object):
    def output_info(self,datas,num,duanzi):
        file_name = 'xiubai.txt'
        with open(file_name,'a',encoding = 'utf-8') as file_object:
            file_object.write(str(num).strip()+'.'+str(duanzi)+datas+'\n')

这里有一个问题就是需要你先建好一个以utf-8编码的txt文件(windows下)