用 Python 爬取网站内容的时候，容易受到反爬虫机制的限制，而突破反爬虫机制的一个重要措施就是使用IP代理。我们可以在网络上找到许多IP代理，但稳定的IP代理成本都较高。因此利用免费代理构建自己的代理池就非常有必要了。本文将介绍如何用Python构建自己的IP代理池。
先推荐两个免费的IP代理：
http://www.haoip.cc
http://www.xicidaili.com
本文以www.haoip.cc/tiqu.htm为例构建代理池
先导入程序必要的模块
import requests
import re
import random
import time
爬取代理网站提供的IP存入数组ip_list
url = 'www.haoip.cc/tiqu.htm'
ip_list =[]
ip_list_washed = []
def get_ip_list(url):
html = requests.get(url)
ip_listn = re.findall(r'r/>(.*?)<b', html.text, re.S)
for ipn in ip_listn:
ip = re.sub('\n', '', ipn) # 去除换行符
ip_list.append(ip.strip())
检测ip_list存储的ip
# 由于我们使用www.baidu.com进行ip代理有效性的检测，因此先设置headers
user_agent_list = [
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
]
def check_ip(ip):
test_url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
proxy = {'http': ip}
user_agent = random.choice(user_agent_list)
headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}
try:
response = requests.get(test_url, headers=headers, proxies=proxy, timeout=5)
time.sleep(5)
if response.status_code == 200:
return True
else:
return False
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return False
time.sleep(5)
上完整代码
IPProxyPool.py
import requests
import re
import random
import time
class IPProxyPool:
# 初始化，定义一个空数组ip_list用于存储ip代理
def __init__(self):
self.ip_list = []
# self.ip_list_washed = []
self.user_agent_list = [
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
]
def get_ip_list(self, haoip_url = 'http://www.haoip.cc/tiqu.htm'):
html = requests.get(haoip_url)
ip_listn = re.findall(r'r/>(.*?)<b', html.text, re.S)
for ipn in ip_listn:
ip = re.sub('\n', '', ipn)
# ip代理有效性检验
statu = self.check_ip(ip)
print(statu)
if statu:
# 将有效ip代理存储至数组ip_list中
self.ip_list.append(ip.strip())
print(self.ip_list)
def check_ip(self, ip):
test_url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
proxy = {'http': ip}
user_agent = random.choice(self.user_agent_list)
headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}
try:
response = requests.get(test_url, headers=headers, proxies=proxy, timeout=5)
time.sleep(5)
if response.status_code == 200:
return True
else:
return False
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return False
time.sleep(5)
IPProxyPool = IPProxyPool()
IPProxyPool.get_ip_list()
完整代码请点击：<a href='https://github.com/Orient-ZY/IPProxyPool'>github</a>（后续仍会继续添加新功能及优化，如果对您有帮助，烦请看官您动动手指，点个Star，感激不尽！）
我的博客：<a href='http://www.orient-zy.cn'>Orient</a>（博客仍在完善中ing...）
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