Experience vs Memory 4

Now, the two selves bring up two notions of happiness. 

ps:现在，两个自我提出了幸福的两个概念。

selvesself 的复数

bring up养育; 抚养; 养大; 谈及; 提出; 呕吐; 咳出

notions观念; 信念; 理解; notion的复数

happiness幸福; 愉快; 适当; 幸运

There are really two concepts of happiness that we can apply, one per self. 

So you can ask: How happy is the experiencing self? 

And then you would ask: How happy are the moments in the experiencing self's life? 

And they're all , happiness for moments is a fairly complicated process. 

What are the emotions that can be measured? 

And, by the way, now we are capable of getting a pretty good idea of the happiness of the experiencing self over time. 

If you ask for the happiness of the remembering self, it's a completely different thing. 

This is not about how happily a person lives. 

It is about how satisfied or pleased the person is when that person thinks about her life. 

Very different notion. 

Anyone who doesn't distinguish those notions is going to mess up the study of happiness, and I belong to a crowd of students of well-being, who've been messing up the study of happiness for a long time in precisely this way.

ps:任何不区分这些概念的人都会扰乱幸福感的研究，而我属于一群幸福感的学生，他们长期以来正是以这种方式扰乱幸福感的研究。

notions观念; 信念; 理解; notion的复数

mess up搞砸; 弄糟; 弄脏; 弄乱; 干扰; 搅乱; 使不得安宁

belong to属于; 是的成员

well-being健康; 安乐; 康乐

precisely 英 [prɪˈsaɪsli] 美 [prɪˈsaɪsli] adv. 准确地;恰好地;精确地;细心地;仔细地;(强调真实或明显)正是，确实

messing使不整洁; 弄脏; 弄乱; 随地便溺; mess的现在分词

for a long time长时间; 长久

this way这边; 这边请; 这边走

The distinction between the happiness of the experiencing self and the satisfaction of the remembering self has been recognized in recent years,  and there are now efforts to measure the two separately. 

ps:近年来，体验自我的快乐和记忆自我的满足之间的区别得到了承认，现在有人试图将两者分开来衡量。

distinction差别; 区别; 对比; 优秀; 杰出; 卓越; 特质; 特点; 不同凡响

happiness幸福; 愉快; 适当; 幸运

experiencing经历; 经受; 遭受; 感受; 体会; 体验; experience的现在分词

satisfaction满足; 满意; 欣慰; 令人满意的事; 满足，达到; 妥善处理; 清偿; 赔偿

remembering回想起; 记得; 记起; 想起; 记住; 把…牢记在心; remember的现在分词

has been已经

recognized认识; 认出; 辨别出; 承认; 意识到; 认可，接受，赞成; recognize的过去分词和过去式

in recent years最近几年中; 晚近

there are有; 可数名词的复数形式; 许多重要事情要谈

separately单独地; 分别地

The Gallup Organization has a world poll where more than half a million people have been asked questions about what they think of their life and about their experiences, and there have been other efforts along those lines. 

ps:盖洛普组织进行了一项世界性的民意调查，50多万人被问及对自己的生活和经历的看法，还有其他一些类似的问题。

Gallup盖洛普

poll民意测验; 民意调查; 选举投票; 计票; 投票数; 获得; 对…进行民意调查

have been来过

asked问; 询问; 要求; 请求; 恳求; 征求; ask的过去分词和过去式

think of想起

experiences经验; 实践; 经历; 阅历; 经历，体验; 经受; 遭受; 感受; 体会; 体验; experience的第三人称单数和复数

efforts气力; 努力; 费力的事; 艰难的尝试; 试图; 尽力; 有组织的活动; effort的复数

lines线; 线条; 界线; 场地线，场界; 皱纹; 褶子; 做衬里; 形成一层; 沿…形成行; line的第三人

So in recent years, we have begun to learn about the happiness of the two selves. 

And the main lesson I think that we have learned is they are really different. 

You can know how satisfied somebody is with their life, and that really doesn't teach you much about how happily they're living their life, and vice versa. 

ps:你可以知道一个人对自己的生活有多满意，但这并不能告诉你他们生活得多么幸福，反之亦然。

know how懂得如何做; 能

satisfied满意的; 满足的; 欣慰的; 确信的; 信服的; 使满意; 使满足; 满足; 向…证实; 使确信; satisfy的过去分词和过去式

somebody同 someone; 某人;有人; 重要人物，大人物

and that而且，并且

really事实上，真正地，真实地; 确实，的确; 加强形容词或副词的语气

teach教; 讲授; 教授; 训练; 教育; 教导; 使懂得

happily快乐地; 高兴地; 满足地; 幸运地; 欣然; 情愿地

living活着的; 活的; 在使用的; 在实施的; 生计; 谋生; 收入; 生活方式; 活着的人; 住; 居住; 生存; 活着; live的现在分词

and vice versa反之亦然

Just to give you a sense of the correlation, the correlation is about .5. 

ps:为了给你一个相关性的概念，相关性大约是.5。

Just正好; 恰好; 正当…时; 不少于; 同样; 公正的; 正义的; 正当的; 合理的; 正直的人; 公正的人; 合适的; 恰当的

give给; 交给; 赠送; 赠与; 送给; 提供，供给，供应; 伸展性; 弹性

a sense of感; 的感觉; 观念

correlation相互关系; 相关; 关联

about大约; 左右; 将近; 几乎; 到处; 处处; 各处; 关于; 对于; 目的是; 为了; 涉及…方面; 忙于; 从事于; 在附近的; 四处走动的; 在起作用的; 在流行中的

What that means is if you met somebody, and you were told, "Oh his father is six feet tall," how much would you know about his height? 

Well, you would know something about his height, but there's a lot of uncertainty. 

You have that much uncertainty. 

If I tell you that somebody ranked their life eight on a scale of ten, you have a lot of uncertainty about how happy they are with their experiencing self. 

ps:如果我告诉你，有人把他们的生活按十分制排在第八位，你会很不确定他们对自己的体验有多快乐。

somebody同 someone; 某人;有人; 重要人物，大人物

ranked把…分等级; 属于某等级; 排列; 使排成行; rank的过去分词和过去式

eight八; 八个; 第八八; 八人一组; 八人划船队

ten十

a lot of许多

uncertainty犹豫; 迟疑; 无把握; 拿不定的事; 令人无把握的局面

happy感到快乐的; 高兴的; 给予快乐的; 使人高兴的; 幸福的; 表示祝愿，如Happy Birthday生日快乐、Happy New Year新年好等

experiencing经历; 经受; 遭受; 感受; 体会; 体验; experience的现在分词

self通常的行为方式，本来面目，惯常心态; 个性; 自我; 个人利益; 一己的享乐; 私心

So the correlation is low.

Questions：

1.How does the remembering self measure happiness? 

It is based on how one feels when they think about their life.

2.what does the researcher's show about the natural of happiness?

it isn't as simple as most people think.

3.if two things have a correlation...

they have a direct relationship.

Put the sentences into correct order:

This is not about how happily a person lives. It is about how satisfied or pleased the person is when that person thinks about her life. Very different notion. Anyone who doesn't distinguish those notions is going to mess up the study of happiness, and I belong to a crowd of students of well-being, who've been messing up the study of happiness for a long time in precisely this way.

We know something about what controls satisfaction of the happiness self. 

We know that money is very important, goals are very important. 

We know that happiness is mainly being satisfied with people that we like, spending time with people that we like. 

There are other pleasures, but this is dominant. 

ps:还有其他的快乐，但这是支配性的。

other另外; 其他; 那个，另一个; 其余的，另外的

pleasures高兴; 快乐; 愉快; 欣慰; 满意; 玩乐; 休闲; 乐事; 快事; pleasure的第三人称单数和复数

dominant首要的; 占支配地位的; 占优势的; 显著的; 显性的，优势的; 显性性状; 显性基因; 优势物种; 全阶第五音; 主因; 要素

So if you want to maximize the happiness of the two selves, you are going to end up doing very different things. 

The bottom line of what I've said here is that we really should not think of happiness as a substitute for well-being. 

ps:我在这里所说的底线是，我们真的不应该把幸福看作是幸福的替代品。

bottom line要旨; 基本论点; 底线; 最终赢利; 损益表底线; 可接受的最低价格; 底价

what什么; …的事物; 无论什么; 凡是…的事物; 多么; 真; 太

've(=value engineering)价值工程学; 同“have”

said说; 讲; 告诉; 念; 朗诵; 背诵; 表达，表述; say的过去分词和过去式

here在这里，向这里; 现在; 在这一点上; 给某人东西或指出某物时说; 喂，嘿; 主动提议时说

think of想起

happiness幸福; 愉快; 适当; 幸运

well-being健康; 安乐; 康乐

It is a completely different notion.

Now, very quickly, another reason we cannot think straight about happiness is that  we do not attend to the same things when we think about life, and we actually live. 

So, if you ask the simple question of how happy people are in California, you are not going to get to the correct answer. 

When you ask that question, you think people must be happier in California if, say, you live in Ohio. 

And what happens is when you think about living in California, you are thinking of the contrast between California and other places, and that contrast, say, is in climate. 

Well, it turns out that climate is not very important to the experiencing self and it's not even very important to the reflective self that decides how happy people are. 

ps:事实证明，气候对体验自我并不重要，甚至对决定人们幸福程度的反思自我也不重要。

Well好; 对; 令人满意地; 完全地; 彻底地; 全部地; 很; 相当; 大大地; 远远地; 健康; 身体好; 状态良好; 情况良好; 明智; 可取; 好主意; 哎呀，哟，啊，好啦; 唉，好吧; 嗯; 井; 水井; 楼梯井; 电梯井道; 律师席; 涌出; 冒出; 流出; 溢出; 涌起; 迸发

climate气候; 气候区; 倾向; 思潮; 风气; 环境气氛

important重要的; 有重大影响的; 有巨大价值的; 影响很大的; 权威的

experiencing经历; 经受; 遭受; 感受; 体会; 体验; experience的现在分词

self通常的行为方式，本来面目，惯常心态; 个性; 自我; 个人利益; 一己的享乐; 私心

even甚至，连，即使; 甚至更，愈加，还; 甚至可以说，其实，实际上; 平滑的; 平的; 平坦的; 变化不大的，均匀的，平稳的; 相等的; 均等的; 平; 相等; 变平

reflective沉思的; 深思的; 反射热的，反光的; 典型的; 代表性的; 体现状态的

decides对…作出抉择; 决定; 选定; 裁决; 判决; 影响…的结果; decide的第三人称单数

happy感到快乐的; 高兴的; 给予快乐的; 使人高兴的; 幸福的; 表示祝愿，如Happy Birthday生日快乐、

But now, because the reflective self is in charge, you may end up -- some people may end up moving to California. 

ps:但现在，因为反省的自我负责，你可能会结束——一些人可能会最终搬到加利福尼亚。

because因为

reflective沉思的; 深思的; 反射热的，反光的; 典型的; 代表性的; 体现状态的

self通常的行为方式，本来面目，惯常心态; 个性; 自我; 个人利益; 一己的享乐; 私心

in charge主管;全面负责; 统领

end up最终到达; 最终; 结果; 到头来

some people某些人

end终止，终结，结局，结尾; 末端; 尽头; 末梢; 结束; 破灭; 终止

moving动人的; 令人感动的; 移动的; 运动的; 改变位置，移动; 变化; 改变; 转变; 前进; 进步; 进展; move的现在分词

California加利福尼亚州

And it's sort of interesting to trace what is going to happen to people who move to California in the hope of getting happier. 

Well, their experiencing self is not going to get happier. 

We know that. 

But one thing will happen: They will think they are happier, because, when they think about it, they'll be reminded of how horrible the weather was in Ohio, and they will feel they made the right decision.

It is very difficult to think straight about well-being, and I hope I have given you a sense of how difficult it is.

Thank you.

Questions:

1.according to his example, how might moving to California affect people's happiness？

they won't be happier, but they'll think they are.

2.to trace something means...

to track it.

Read and repeat the sentences:

1.We are capable of measuring the happiness of the experiencing self over time.

2.You have a lot of uncertainty about how happy they are with their experiencing self.