一本书入门第二外语写作
Hyland, K. (2019).Second Language Writing(second edition). Cambridge University Press.
这本书是去年更新的二版，包含了近期二语习得领域的最新理论和教学实践，是教第二外语写作极好的工具书。作者海兰德不仅用比较平实的语言，还为新老师们提供了很多的网络资源，比如语料库的推荐。
作为研究者，每章节的后面也有很多专业书目推荐。唯一的遗憾是，这本书的研究成果大多数都是以英语为第二外语的，对于对外汉语不一定能直接应用，但是也会提供很多方向和灵感。
As the title suggests, Second Language Writingsynthesizes the theory, research and practices of second language writing. Written by Hyland, a British linguist, this is the second edition, published in2019, 15 years after the first edition. In addition to updating the development of second language writing, another big change is that it added more content about electronic writing and teaching writing with technology. As Hyland noted in the preface, this book is for new teachers, or student teachers of second language writing, especially those who teach English as a second language(TESL).
这本书是集理论、实践以及研究为一身的。海兰德本身就是英国的一位语言学家，第二外语写作是其研究领域。2019年出版的第二版不仅更新了领域内最新的理论和实践，还更多的覆盖了电子写作，因为网络技术的发展。
Even though I teach Chinese as a second language (TCSL), this book does provide an overall picture of teaching second language writing with reference to theory, examples of teaching, and ways of doing research when the TCSL reference books are lacking. Hyland included hands-on instruction on teaching writing, from course design, lesson planning, and task design, to responding to students’ writing and assessment. It includes almost all the information you need to start with to design a writing course.
对外汉语领域还缺乏专业指导写作教学的书籍，这本书倒是可以提供不少活生生的案例。虽然不能生搬硬套，却是设计写作课找灵感的好书。
This book extends writing instruction even more. As a future writing teacher, I found the introduction chapter on the guiding concepts in teaching second language writing useful when designing my own writing course. A course could be organized with a focus on language or text structure, creative expression, or even genre. It provides a good theoretical foundation to design the course content. For example, with a focus on the writing process, I designed a lesson where the students work together to brainstorm on an environmental topic - should people continue consuming bottled water - in which they search for related information, make an outline, revise, and then write, followed by a group workshop, and more revision.
根据这本书介绍的主要理论，利用以过程为导向的教学方法，我设计了一节写作课。主题是一篇议论文，讨论是否应该饮用瓶装水。从最开始的头脑风暴开始，到学生收集资料，写大纲，给反馈，写初稿，集体评论（workshop），修改等。让学生在写作的每一步都有反馈，一点点提高写作，搞定同类型的写作。
The final chapter also provides step-by-step guidance for teachers who would like to do research on writing or to reflect on their teaching. I appreciate the language Hyland intentionally adopted to make sure readers who are not familiar with the field can understand without too much struggle. It brightened my eyes when Hyland mentioned quite a few ways to disseminate the research report besides journals and conferences. Not only did he mention that teachers could share it through personal blogs, teaching forums, and workshops, he also shared internet resources where teachers can find those sites.
最后一个章节还提供了做第二外语写作研究指导。让我眼前一亮的是，海兰德在提到分享研究报告时没有局限于学术期刊、会议，也提到了一些个人博客，教师论坛，工作坊等不同的方式，去交流自己的教学研究。不仅如此，他还给读书提供了去找这些论坛的网址。
Broadly speaking, Second Language Writing is a good reference book for both second language instructors who just started teaching and experienced teachers who want to keep up with the latest theories and practices. It is also a good read for curious second language writers who learn by teaching. In my own case, knowing the different focuses of instructions makes me aware of the purposes of the practices I have been doing. In China, most often, English writing instruction focuses more on language and text structure where the first draft is often the final draft. Here in the US, many ESL writing classes adopt a more process-based approach, where the students are guided from step to step through multiple revisions.
这本书对于第二外语写作课的新老师是很有用的，对有经验的写作老师也是一次很好的学习，可以增进对领域的理解，认识一些新的教学方法等。甚至作为第二外语写作者，感兴趣的话也不妨看看。读这本书就让我明白为什么有的老师重点放在句子、段落层面，有的老师则是注重写作的过程。
I would recommend the book to second language teachers and teachers-to-be, especially those who will specialize in teaching second language writing, where the content of the book will greatly inform their teaching. The reflection questions between the texts facilitate active reading. For second language researchers, it is a good book to start as Hyland included sources for further academic reading in the field at the end of each chapter. Overall, it is a very informative and pleasant reading as an academic book.
如果你是第二外语写作的老师，尤其是教英语的话，这本书很适合你。不过我有一点担心，这些方法不一定适合中国教英语的国情。大多时候我们的英语写作都是为了应付考试。不过看了绝对只会让你的教学方法更加丰富，而不会造成严重的伤害。
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