Fried food linked to heightened risk of early death among older US women

“炸货”或可提高美国女性早死的风险

Fried chicken and fried fish inparticular seem to be associated with higher risk of death

特别是炸鸡和炸鱼和高死亡风险相关

炸鸡(来自网络).jpg

Crispy fried Kentucky chicken wings.

Summary: Regularly eating fried food is linked with a heightened risk of death from any cause and heart-related death, among postmenopausal women, finds a US study in The BMJ today.

肯德基脆皮鸡翅

摘要：一篇发表在英国医学杂志上的关于美国绝经后女性的研究发现，经常食用油炸食物与心脏相关死亡或其他原因导致的高死亡风险相关。

crispy [ˈkrɪspi] adj. 易碎的，精神爽快的;

postmenopausal ['pəʊstmenəʊ'pɔ:zəl] adj. （妇女）绝经后的;

Foods such as fried chicken and friedfish/shellfish were associated with a higher risk of heart-related death, particularly among younger women in the study (aged 50-65 years old).

研究发现，像炸鸡、鱼、贝类等油炸食物与心脏相关死亡风险增高相关，尤其是对于本研究中的较年轻女性（50-65岁）来说。

The researchers suggest that reducing consumption of fried foods, especially fried chicken and fried fish/shellfish, could have a positive public health impact. Up to a third of North American adults have fast-food every day, and previous studies have suggested that a greater intake of fried food is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

研究者建议油炸类食物（尤其是炸鸡、鱼、贝类食物）食用减少可对公共卫生产生积极的影响。高达三分之一的北美成人每天都会吃快餐，同时早期研究表明：油炸食物的高摄入与2型糖尿病和心脏疾病风险增高相关。

diabetes [ˌdaɪəˈbi:ti:z] n. <医>糖尿病; 多尿症; 中消;

But evidence about the risk of death linked with eating fried foods is limited and subject to much debate. So to address this, US researchers investigated the association of eating fried food with death for many cause, and in particular heart and cancer-related death.

然而，死亡风险与吃油炸食物关联的证据是有限的，并多有争论。为解决这一问题，美国研究者们调查了吃油炸食物与所有原因导致死亡的联系，尤其是心脏和癌症相关死亡。

They used questionnaire data to assess the diets of 106,966 women, aged 50 to 79, who enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) between 1993-1998 and who were followed up to February 2017. During this time, 31,588 deaths occurred, including 9,320 heart-related deaths, 8,358 cancer deaths and 13,880 from other causes.

他们使用调查问卷来评估了1993-1998年间录入女性健康组织的年龄在50-79岁的106996名女性的饮食，并追踪至2017年1月。在这期间，发生31588例死亡，其中9320例心脏相关死亡、8358例癌症、13880例其他原因死亡。

The researchers looked at the women's total and specific consumption of different fried foods, including: "fried chicken"; "fried fish, fish sandwich and fried shellfish (shrimp and oysters)"; and other fried foods, such as french fries, tortilla chips and tacos.

研究者统计了受试女性对不同油炸食物的食用总量和特定食物食用量，包括炸鸡、炸鱼、炸三明治、炸贝类（虾、牡蛎）、炸薯条、墨西哥玉米片、玉米面豆卷等。

french fries [frentʃ fraɪz] 炸薯条;

After taking account of potentially influential factors such as lifestyle, overall diet quality, education level and income, the researchers found that regularly eating fried foods was associated with a heightened risk of death from any cause and, specifically, heart-related death: those who ate one or more servings a day had an 8% higher risk compared with those who did not eat fried food.

将潜在的影响因素，如生活方式、整体饮食质量、教育背景、收入，考虑在内后，研究者发现经常食用油炸食物与各种原因（特别是心脏相关死亡）导致的死亡风险增加相关。每天食用至少一次（油炸食物）比不吃的人增加了8%的风险。

One or more servings of fried chicken a day was linked to a 13% higher risk of death from any cause and a 12% higher risk of heart-related death compared with no fried food. Similarly, one or more servings of fried fish/shellfish a day was linked to a 7% higher risk of death from any cause and a 13% higher risk of heart-related death compared with no fried food. But the researchers found no evidence that eating fried food was associated with cancer-related death.

每天食用至少一次炸鸡比不食用油炸食物增加了13%各种原因导致死亡的风险、12%心脏相关原因导致死亡的风险。同样地，每天食用至少一次炸鱼/贝类比不食用油炸食物增加了7%各种原因导致死亡的风险、13%心脏相关原因导致死亡的风险。但是研究者发现没有证据表明吃油炸类食物与癌症导致死亡相关。

Women who ate fried foods more regularlytended to be younger, non-white, with less education and a lower income. Theywere also more likely to be smokers, exercise less and have a lower qualitydiet. This is an observational study which only considers women in the US, somay not be applicable more widely, emphasise theresearchers.

经常食用油炸食物的女性表现为年轻化、非白人、教育程度低及低收入的特点。同时，她们可更可能是抽烟者，运动更少、饮食质量偏差。研究者强调这是一个仅包含美国女性的观察研究，可能不适用于其他地域。

applicable [əˈplɪkəbl] adj. 适当的; 可应用的;

And they say that the presence of "unidentified confounders is still possible," so no firm conclusions can be drawn about cause. But the authors highlight the large size and diversity of the study sample, and say that "we have identified a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality that is readily modifiable by lifestyle." "Reducing the consumption of fried foods, especially fried chicken and friedfish/shellfish, may have clinically meaningful impact across the public health spectrum," they conclude.

此外，其中可能存在未确证的因素。因此，无法得出导致这一现象的原因确定结论。然而，研究者强调了本研究的规模较大、研究样本多样性强，并且“我们确证了一个易于调控的生活方式是心血管疾病死亡的危险因素。”他们总结说：“减少食用油炸食物，尤其是炸鸡和炸鱼/贝类，在临床上可能对公共卫生系统产生一个有意义的影响。”

firm [fɜ:m] adj. 坚固的，坚牢的; 坚定的，坚决的; 严格的; 确定的; vt.& vi. 使坚固; 使坚实;n. 商号，商行; 公司; 企业; 工作集体; adv. 坚定地，稳固地; vt. 使坚定，使牢固; vi. 变坚实，变稳固;

highlight [ˈhaɪlaɪt] n. （图画或照片的）强光部份; 最重要的事情; 最精彩的部分;vt. 强调，突出; 把…照亮; 标示记号; …中最突出的事物;

mortality [mɔ:ˈtæləti] n. 死亡数，死亡率; 必死性，必死的命运;

readily [ˈredɪli] adv. 乐意地; 快捷地; 轻而易举地; 便利地;

长难句

After taking account of potentially influential factors such as lifestyle, overall diet quality, education level and income, the researchers found that regularly eating fried foods was associated with a heightened risk of death from any cause and, specifically, heart-related death: those who ate one or more servings a day had an 8% higher risk compared with those who did not eat fried food.

这篇文章里好像就这句话最长了！但是相对也不算怎么难。首先After是条件状语，taking account of意为考虑到；such as举例说明潜在的影响因素（时间紧或略读时，条件状语可略去以加快阅读速度）。the researchers为本句主语，found 谓语动词，that引导宾语从句做 found 的宾语。 regularly eating fried foods为宾语从句的主语，was associated with谓语（was为助动词），risk为宾语。of death from any cause and, specifically, heart-related death那么多单词都是risk的定语。冒号后面这句话可以勉强看作宾语a heightened risk的补足语，解释说明风险的提高是怎么样的（实际上本句到heart-related death时句意已经完整了，可句号结束另起一句）。those为主语，who引导定语从句修饰those，had为谓语动词，8% higher risk为宾语。compared with为过去分词作状语，those who did not eat fried food同上。

综合起来便是：将潜在的影响因素，如生活方式、整体饮食质量、教育背景、收入，考虑在内后，研究者发现经常食用油炸食物与各种原因（特别是心脏相关死亡）导致的死亡风险增加相关。每天食用至少一次（油炸食物）比不吃油炸食物的人增加了8%的风险。