1. 虚拟语气本质理解
虚拟的变化体现在动词上，动词的变化体现时态的变化，或者情态动词的帮助上。
2. 形式变化
A. 条件从句的虚拟变化
- 主从句互相作为判断时间的参考
- 对过去事件的虚拟
公式：
从句：If 主语 had done/ had been (宾语/表语),
主句：主语 would/should/could/might have done/ been (宾语/表语)。
If it had rained,I have not gone to deliver my lectures.
If he had worked harder, he _________ the exams. (would have got through)
______ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. (If I had realized)
- 对现在事件的虚拟
公式：
从句：If 主语 did/ were (宾语/表语),
主句：主语 would/should/could/might do/ be (宾语/表语)。
If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.(would be)
If the power were cut, the lecture would/ could/ should/ might be suspended.
- 对将来事件的虚拟
公式：
从句：If 主语 should do(be)/ were to do (宾语/表语),
主句：主语 would/ should/ could/ might do/ be (宾语/表语)。
If the flight ticket to England were to be available, I would/ should go for a sudden trip.
If they were to arrive before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
If they should come to us, I should ask them some questions.
B. 条件从句的变态虚拟
- 主从句时间分别独立，各自虚拟，互不干扰（一般有时间提示）
If I _________ harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now. (had worked)
If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _________ now. ( wouldn’t be smiling)
If you had studied the problem carefully yesterday, _________.(you would not find any difficulty now)
If only the patient ______ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.(had received)
- 从句省略if，部分倒装
对过去事件的虚拟
从句：If 主语 had done/ had been (宾语/表语)，
变换成
Had 主语 done 宾语，
Had 主语 been 表语，
对现在事件的虚拟
从句：If 主语 did/ were (宾语/表语),
变换成
Did 主语 do 宾语，
Were 主语 表语，
对将来事件的虚拟
从句：If 主语 should do(be)/ were to do (宾语/表语),
变换成
Should 主语 do/be 宾语/表语，
Were 主语 to do 宾语，
Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now. (would get)
_________ right now, she would get there on Sunday.
A. Would she leave (would 不能用在从句)
B. If she leaves （不是虚拟语气）
C. Were she to leave （将来，虚拟语气倒装，正解）
D. If she had left （过去，虚拟语气，和now 不符）
The business is risky. But _________, we would be rich.
A. should we succeed (从句虚拟语气只能用 should)
B. might we succeed
C. would we succeed
D. could we succeed
- 对过去事件虚拟的几种情况
| should/ ought to + have done | 责备+相反 | 本应该。。。却没有 |
|---|---|---|
| would + have done | 无感+相反 | 应该。。。却没有 |
| could + have done | 理性+正话 | 以你的能力有可能。。。 |
| might/ may/ might not + have done | （肯/否）推测+50%（可能） | might = might not |
| must + have done | （肯）推测+90% | 肯定。。。 |
| can’t + have done | （否）推测+90% | 绝不可能。。。 |
| need + have done | 需要+相反 | 本需要。。。却没做 |
| needn’t + have done | 不需要+相反 | 本不需要。。。却做了 |
-
时间信号提示词：without（如果没有），but for (如果没有)， otherwise(否则)，did
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We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we _________ him.(would have telephoned)
Without your help, we _________ so much. (would not have achieved)
You_________ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business. （needn’t have told）
_________ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.
A. But for (= without)
B. In case of (=if not )
C. In spite of (= despite)
D. Because of (= due to = owing to +n)
I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _________ so busy then.
A. am
B. were
C. was
D. would be
主句，I would have told him the answer，从句 had it been possible，后面是真实的情况，不需要虚拟，用was
- 其他从句的虚拟变化
- 信号词
| “建议”类 | suggest, suggestive, suggestion; propose, proposed, proposal; advise, advisable, advice; insist … |
|---|---|
| “重要”类 | important, importance; vital … |
| “愿望” | vdesire, desirable; wish (did) … |
| “要求” | request; require … |
| “为了不” | in case; lest; for fear that … |
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公式
It is adj./ done that 主语 + should + 动词原形…
V. + that 主语 + should + 动词原形…
In case/ for fear that/ lest 主语 + should + 动词原形…
Mike’s uncle insists_________ in this hotel. （that he would not stay）
. It is important that enough money_________ to fund the project.
A. be collected
B. must be collected
C. was collected
D. can be collected
He was punished_________ he should make the same mistake again.
A. unless
B. provided
C. if
D. lest
3. 实战
- 语法选择题高效解题思路
（1）看选项，判断考点；
（2）回题目，分辨关联；
（3）有把握——直接选择正确答案；
（4）没把握——排除干扰概率最大。
Two thirds of the U.S. basketball players are black, and the number would be greater _________ the continuing practice of picking white bench warmers for the sake of balance.
A. was it not because of (真是情况排除)
B. had it not been for （对过去的虚拟）
C. were it not for （对现在的虚拟）
D. would it not have been for （从句虚拟只有should）
If the weather had been more favorable last year, the wheat_________ now.
A. will be grown much better
B. will be growing much better
C. would be growing much better
D. would have grown much better
Out of the elementary plane geometry developed by the Greeks _________we use today.
A. the theoretical geometry evolution.
B. evolved the theoretical geometry
C. the evolution of theoretical geometry came
D. the theoretical geometry came
一看 out of 介词开头的句子，且句子里面没有逗号，需要全部倒装 选B
We had to go miles to find a restaurant, it _________ a holiday.
A. being
B. was
C. to be
D. is
这个句子不缺谓语had, 所以排除BD, being 对现在 to be 表将来，时态不能跳跃，所以选A
_________sugar _________ salt is oil water.
A. Not as…as
B. No more than…is
C. No more than…is
D. Not more than…as
否定词开头需要部分倒装， is oil water = oil is water. 糖和盐和油和水一样没啥关系
_________, he finds the work interesting.
A. Though he is computer expert（缺少一个冠词 a computer）
B. A computer expert he is
C. As computer expert (缺少一个冠词 a)
D. Computer expert as he is
(as 出现在第二个词单元，翻译成虽然，尽管)
Although most foodstuffs enter the bloodstream only after being subjected to the digestive process beginning in the stomach, alcohol is highly unusual_________ at least one-fifth of the quantity ingested is directly absorbed.
A. so that B. in that
C. that D. in which
_________, water, is composed of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen.
A. As is known
B. As be known
C. As known
D. Which is known
As is known = which is known to all the people, which 用as 取代， to all the people 可省。
As is known 总所周知， As is said 众人所说， As we said 这些形式都可以。
_________ you can imagine, I was then in very serious trouble, being sick and penniless in a strange land.
A. Just
B. As
C. What
D. How
As be done, as sb do, 定于从句前置结构
He goes shopping so frequently not because he is rich, but because he enjoys _________ politely.
A. speaking
B. being spoken to
C. being spoken
D. speaking to
他喜欢别人对他讲话的方式，所以 要加to
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