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Android触摸事件(下)——事件的分发

Android触摸事件(下)——事件的分发

作者: nick_young | 来源:发表于2017-12-20 20:28 被阅读173次

    已经记不清有多久了,貌似自从接触Android开发开始,Android的事件分发机制一直伴随着我们。网上各种大神的各种分析,看完了可能还是会晕晕乎乎的。没办法,谁让咱是菜鸡呢(对!我菜鸡我还有有理了。。)。


    前面写过一篇关于Android事件的由来,介绍了Android输入事件从产生到发送到View的过程。今天,就来说说关于事件分发的流程。

    1. 事件产生的整个流程(Java层)

    流程图
    从前一篇文章中可以知道,整个流程我是通过debug方式去看方法的调用关系,最终证明是正确的。这里面有个比较有意思的地方:在DecorView和Activity的事件传递,DecorView通过PhoneWindow获取Activity的Window.Callback,并且调用Callback的dispatchTouchEvent方法。而dispatchTouchEvent又通过getWindow方法获得PhoneWindow对象并调用superDispatchTouchEvent方法,通过DecorView调用ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法进行事件的分发。如果最终事件没有被消费,那么会调用Activity中的onTouchEvent方法。
    上面说的过程比较拗口,细细一想就会发现:DecorView通过PhoneWindow来调用Activity的dispatchTouchEvent方法,而Activity又通过PhoneWindow来调用DecorView的superDispatchTouchEvent(这里会调用ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法)。这里我们就会知道,Activity可能不知道有DecorView这个东西,而DecorView也不知道有Activity这个玩意,但是他俩都有一个好朋友叫PhoneWindow,可以通过PhoneWindow来调用需要的方法,降低耦合度

    2. ViewGroup的事件分发

    我们都知道ViewGroup事件分发是Parent向Child进行分发,如果Child消费了事件,则返回true告诉Parent;否则,返回false。如果Child都没有消费,那么此时会看Parent是否有消费。

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(ev, 1);
        }
    
        // If the event targets the accessibility focused view and this is it, start
        // normal event dispatch. Maybe a descendant is what will handle the click.
        if (ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus() && isAccessibilityFocusedViewOrHost()) {
            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
        }
    
        boolean handled = false;
        // 是否过滤此次事件
        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) {
            // 获得Action
            final int action = ev.getAction();
            // Action & 0xff, 正常是的Action包括了1-12,其他的会有ACTION_POINTER_1_DOWN等Action
            // 这里 & 0xff则需要获得1-12的Action
            final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;
            // 如果是按下事件
            // Handle an initial down.
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
                // Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
                // The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
                // due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
                // 取消并清除触摸事件的目标
                cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
                // 重置触摸状态
                resetTouchState();
            }
            
            // Check for interception.
            // 是否被拦截
            final boolean intercepted;
            // 如果是按下事件或者第一个触摸目标不为空
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                    || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                // 是否允许拦截,根据标志位FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT来判断
                final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
                // 为false说明允许拦截,根据onInterceptTouchEvent的返回值来判断是否拦截触摸事件
                if (!disallowIntercept) {
                    intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                    // 重新设置MotionEvent的Action防止其被改变
                    ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
                } else {
                    // 不允许拦截的话则设置为false
                    intercepted = false;
                }
            } else {
                // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
                // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
                // 如果没有触摸目标并且这个事件不是按下事件,这个ViewGroup需要继续拦截这个事件
                intercepted = true;
            }
    
            // If intercepted, start normal event dispatch. Also if there is already
            // a view that is handling the gesture, do normal event dispatch.
            if (intercepted || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
            }
    
            // Check for cancelation.
            // 检查是否取消了事件
            final boolean canceled = resetCancelNextUpFlag(this)
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL;
            
            // Update list of touch targets for pointer down, if needed.
            // FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS在initViewGroup()初始化中设置
            //if (mContext.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
            //    mGroupFlags |= FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS;
            //}
            final boolean split = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS) != 0;
            TouchTarget newTouchTarget = null;
            // 是否已经分发给新的目标
            boolean alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = false;
            // 如果事件没有被取消并且也没有被拦截,则进行分发
            if (!canceled && !intercepted) {
    
                // If the event is targeting accessiiblity focus we give it to the
                // view that has accessibility focus and if it does not handle it
                // we clear the flag and dispatch the event to all children as usual.
                // We are looking up the accessibility focused host to avoid keeping
                // state since these events are very rare.
                // 辅助功能
                View childWithAccessibilityFocus = ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()
                        ? findChildWithAccessibilityFocus() : null;
                // 如果是按下事件或者是指针按下或者是光标移动的Action,则需要进行分发
                if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                        || (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
                        || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                    // 按下事件总是0
                    final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex(); // always 0 for down
                    // split为true,idBitsToAssign = 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex)
                    // 每一个触摸点Pointer都会有一个当次动作序列的唯一Id和Index.MotionEvent中多个手指的操作API大部分都是通过pointerIndex来进行的,
                    // 如:获取不同Pointer的触碰位置,getX(int pointerIndex);获取PointerId等等。大部分情况下,pointerId = pointerIndex
                    final int idBitsToAssign = split ? 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex)
                            : TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS;
    
                    // Clean up earlier touch targets for this pointer id in case they
                    // have become out of sync.
                    // 为这个点的id清除之前的触摸目标,防止不同步
                    removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToAssign);
                    
                    final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
                    // 新的目标为null并且childCount!=0
                    if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
                        // 
                        final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
                        final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
                        // Find a child that can receive the event.
                        // Scan children from front to back.
                        // 构建触摸分发list,构建的时候有个条件hasChildWithZ,如果没有则返回null,一般返回null
                        final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildTouchDispatchChildList();
                        final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null
                                && isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
                        final View[] children = mChildren;
                        for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                            // 获得childIndex
                            final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(
                                    childrenCount, i, customOrder);
                            // 获得childView
                            final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
                                    preorderedList, children, childIndex);
    
                            // If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
                            // to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
                            // normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
                            // safer given the timeframe.
                            if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
                                if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
                                    continue;
                                }
                                childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
                                i = childrenCount - 1;
                            }
                            // 如果View不能接收PointerEvents(不是VISIBLE或者child.getAnimation() != null)或者该事件的点不在View中
                            if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
                                    || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
                                ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                                continue;
                            }
                            
                            // 通过child获得touchTarget,如果有的话说明Child已经接收事件了
                            newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
                            if (newTouchTarget != null) {
                                // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
                                // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
                                // 设置新的pointerIdBits
                                newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                                break;
                            }
                            
                            resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
                            // 这里是分发给child,如果返回true,则说明接收事件
                            if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
                                // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
                                mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
                                if (preorderedList != null) {
                                    // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
                                    for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                                        if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                                            mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                                            break;
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
                                }
                                mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
                                mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
                                // 生成一个touchTarget
                                newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
                                // 设置已经接收事件
                                alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
                                break;
                            }
    
                            // The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear
                            // the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
                            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                        }
                        if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();
                    }
                    
                    // 没有找到可以接收事件的child,所以把这个指派给最近添加的目标
                    if (newTouchTarget == null && mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                        // Did not find a child to receive the event.
                        // Assign the pointer to the least recently added target.
                        newTouchTarget = mFirstTouchTarget;
                        while (newTouchTarget.next != null) {
                            newTouchTarget = newTouchTarget.next;
                        }
                        newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                    }
                }
            }
    
            // Dispatch to touch targets.
            // mFirstTouchTarget不等于null是在addTouchTarget中赋值,这个需要事件分发的时候返回true
            // 这时候可以知道此次事件是被View接收,而上面一部分只是关于DOWN事件的处理,所以一旦有View接收了DOWN事件,
            // 那么接下来的事件都将交给此View处理
            if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
                // No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
                // 没有触摸目标,所以把它认为是普通View,调用super.dispatchTouchEvent
                handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
                        TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
            } else {
                // Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
                // dispatched to it.  Cancel touch targets if necessary.
                TouchTarget predecessor = null;
                // 临时变量tagert
                TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
                // 链表遍历,target = target.next
                while (target != null) {
                    final TouchTarget next = target.next;
                    // 这个条件为真的话,是在DOWN事件是有View接收,此时alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true
                    // 并且mFirstTouchTarget = target = newTouchTarget
                    if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
                        handled = true;
                    } else {
                        // 是否取消,判断flag PFLAG_CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT
                        final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
                                || intercepted;
                        // 到这边的话此次事件已经不再是DOWN事件,而是MOVE事件,此时分发给target.child,知道最终接收DOWN事件的View
                        // 如果返回true,则设置handled = true
                        if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
                                target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
                            handled = true;
                        }
                        if (cancelChild) {
                            if (predecessor == null) {
                                mFirstTouchTarget = next;
                            } else {
                                predecessor.next = next;
                            }
                            target.recycle();
                            target = next;
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    predecessor = target;
                    target = next;
                }
            }
            
            // Update list of touch targets for pointer up or cancel, if needed.
            // 抬起事件重置状态
            if (canceled
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                resetTouchState();
            } else if (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
                final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex();
                final int idBitsToRemove = 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex);
                removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToRemove);
            }
        }
    
        if (!handled && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(ev, 1);
        }
        return handled;
    }
    

    一言不合就扔一堆代码,我能怎么办啊?我也很无奈啊。。要想答案来,唯有码中求。下面还是分析一波:**
    1. 通过安全策略检查是否需要过滤此次事件(检查Window是否被覆盖),如果过滤了,则不会处理此次事件;否则进行第2步。
    2. 获得事件的Action,并且如果是按下事件的话,则需要清除触摸事件的目标并且重置触摸状态。
    3. 检查是否需要拦截此次事件,这时候先判断标志位FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT是否存在,如果存在则说明不允许进行拦截,否则的话根据onInterceptTouchEvent的返回值来判断是否拦截触摸事件。这里我们可以清楚一点:如果ViewGroup的onInterceptTouchEvent返回true,则不会对事件的进行向下分发。
    4. 检查事件是否被取消。
    5. 如果事件没有被取消并且没有被拦截,则需要获取事件的id。每一个触摸点Pointer都会有一个当次动作序列的唯一Id。获取不同Pointer的触碰位置可以通过getX(int pointerIndex)方法。大部分情况下,pointerId = pointerIndex
    6. 构建分发列表,构建的时候有个条件hasChildWithZ,如果没有则返回null,一般返回null。
    7. 对子View进行遍历,如果可以接收事件,那么先去获得触摸目标(getTouchTarget)。如果返回值不为null,则说明子View已经接收事件了,跳出循环;否则,调用dispatchTransformedTouchEvent方法将事件传递给子View。
    8. 根据dispatchTransformedTouchEvent返回值来判断是否子View接收了事件。true:接收事件;false:没有接收。
    9. 如果没有接收事件,则mFirstTouchTarget = null,所以会调用dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS)这里会调用super.dispatchTouchEvent交给View去处理这次touch事件;如果接收了这次事件,则mFirstTouchTarget !=null 并且alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true&&target == newTouchTarget成立,最终handled设置为true。
    10. 如果事件不是DOWN事件,那么去寻找是否有TouchTarget,如果有的话,说明有View消费了事件,那么接下来的该事件的其他操作将交由此View处理
    说完dispatchTouchEvent方法,这里需要说下dispatchTransformedTouchEvent方法:

    private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
            View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
        final boolean handled;
    
        // Canceling motions is a special case.  We don't need to perform any transformations
        // or filtering.  The important part is the action, not the contents.
        // 事件取消,如果child不为空则向child分发ACTION_CANCEL事件;否则调用super.dispatchTouchEvent
        final int oldAction = event.getAction();
        if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
            event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
            if (child == null) {
                handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            } else {
                handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            }
            event.setAction(oldAction);
            return handled;
        }
    
        // Calculate the number of pointers to deliver.
        // 通过getPointerIdBits获取事件的触碰点的id和传入的进行&运算,如果此时仍和oldPointerIdBits相同,
        // 则说明desiredPointerIdBits包括了oldPointerIdBits,可以理解为是同一个事件
        final int oldPointerIdBits = event.getPointerIdBits();
        final int newPointerIdBits = oldPointerIdBits & desiredPointerIdBits;
    
        // If for some reason we ended up in an inconsistent state where it looks like we
        // might produce a motion event with no pointers in it, then drop the event.
        if (newPointerIdBits == 0) {
            return false;
        }
    
        // If the number of pointers is the same and we don't need to perform any fancy
        // irreversible transformations, then we can reuse the motion event for this
        // dispatch as long as we are careful to revert any changes we make.
        // Otherwise we need to make a copy.
        // 如果新的事件和旧的事件的getPointerIdBits & desiredPointerIdBits相同,则设置offsetLocation并且直接去进行事件的分发
        // 一般来说单点触摸事件会进行这里
        final MotionEvent transformedEvent;
        if (newPointerIdBits == oldPointerIdBits) {
            if (child == null || child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                if (child == null) {
                    // 如果没有child的话,则调用View的dispatchTouchEvent方法
                    handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
                } else {
                    final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
                    final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
                    event.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
                    // 对child的dispatchTouchEvent方法进行事件分发:
                    // 1. 如果child是ViewGroup,则会进行ViewGroup的事件分发过程
                    // 2. 如果child是View,则进行View的事件分发过程
                    handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
    
                    event.offsetLocation(-offsetX, -offsetY);
                }
                return handled;
            }
            transformedEvent = MotionEvent.obtain(event);
        } else {
            transformedEvent = event.split(newPointerIdBits);
        }
    
        // Perform any necessary transformations and dispatch.
        // 执行必要的的转换和分发
        if (child == null) {
            handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
        } else {
            final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
            final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
            transformedEvent.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
            if (! child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                transformedEvent.transform(child.getInverseMatrix());
            }
    
            handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
        }
    
        // Done.
        transformedEvent.recycle();
        return handled;
    }
    

    这个方法其实总得来说就执行了两个过程:
    1. 传入的子View不为null,将事件分发给子View。
    2. 传入的子View为null,调用super.dispatchTouchEvent方法去处理。

    3. View的dispatchTouchEvent方法

    上面说到,如果子View为null,则会调用super.dispatchTouchEvent方法。这里看下View的dispatchTouchEvent方法:

    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        ......
        final int actionMasked = event.getActionMasked();
        if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            // Defensive cleanup for new gesture
            stopNestedScroll();
        }
        // 通过安全策略检查是否需要过滤
        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
            // 如果View是enable并且正在处理ScrollBar的鼠标拖拽事件,设置结果为true
            if ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && handleScrollBarDragging(event)) {
                result = true;
            }
            //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
            // 判断ListenerInfo中的OnTouchListener是否为null
            // 不为null,并且ENABLED,则调用mOnTouchListener.onTouch方法
            // 如果mOnTouchListener.onTouch返回true,则结果设为true
            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
                    && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
                    && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
                result = true;
            }
            
            // 如果结果为false并且onTouchEvent方法返回值为true,结果设为true
            if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
                result = true;
            }
        }
        ......
        return result;
    }
    

    这个方法就简单了很多,因为它作为最终的View(View不包括子View),所能进行的操作要么消费事件要么不消费事件。从方法的实现中也可以看到:

    1. 如果设置了OnTouchListener,那么在执行过程中会先执行OnTouchListener的onTouch方法,接着根据返回值来确定是否需要执行onTouchEvent方法
    2. onTouchEvent是否需要调用是和result的值有关如果result为true,则不调用;反之,则调用

    4. 验证

    验证过程其是很简单,只要能够进行debug看方法的调用即可。我这里测试的代码如下:


    布局代码
    测试代码

    方法的调用图:


    debug图
    可以看到图中是通过ViewGroup一步一步调用到最终的TextView的dispatchTouchEvent方法的,关于为啥会执行这么多次,需要看下页面结构图:
    页面结构
    从图中可以看到我们最终的TextView被n多个layout包裹,所以会出现ViewGroup中的dispatchTouchEvent方法调用多次。

    5. 总结

    从源码可以看出:

    • 事件的分发最重要的是对ACTION_DOWN事件的分发,在分发过程中:如果该ViewGroup没有拦截,那么会对其子View进行事件分发。如果子View没有消费事件(返回值为true),那么交由上一级处理。
    • 同一事件的其他操作,例如ACTION_MOVE这个是在处理完ACTION_DOWN事件后进行的,主要是通过查找TouchTarget是否存在来判断是否事件需要传递。
    • View中OnTouchListener的onTouch方法优先级高于onTouchEvent方法,并且onTouchEvent在result为true的时候不会调用。

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