第三章--四大组件之一Service

作者: Dddddw | 来源:发表于2016-10-02 20:10 被阅读0次

    一直是听过其大名,现在终于是学到了。

    1、什么是Service

    作为android四大组件之一,它一直默默付出,不像Activity,可以被人所见。Service一般进行长时间的后台操作,没有界面,不是进程也不是线程,比avtivity有更高的优先级。使用Service,有两步。

    1. 定义一个继承Service的子类
    2. 在AndroidManifest中注册该Service

    Service有一些可以重写的方法:

    1. IBinder onBind(Intent intent):这是必须重写的方法,当有一个客户端和Service绑定时,返回的对象可以作为communication channel(我不知道怎么翻译)和Service通信,如果没有绑定,返回null。IBinder是一个接口,但是一般不直接实现,而是继承IBinder的实现类Binder。
    2. void onCreate():第一次创建Service后会被调用。
    3. onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId):客户端调用startService(Intent intent)时会被调用。取代了原本的方法onStart(Intent intent, int startId)
    4. void onDestroy():Service关闭之前会调用的方法

    Service的生命周期

    说完了service的一些基本知识,下面看下它的生命周期:


    这里写图片描述

    从图中可以看出Service有两个运行方式,一个是startService(),另一个是bindService()。所以下面我用两种方式运行Service来看一下它的运行过程

    2、启动和停止service

    写好Service的子类之后,然后写了两个按钮,为其添加点击事件如下

     @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            switch (v.getId()){
                case R.id.start:
                    startService(new Intent(MusicButtonActivity.this, MusicService.class));
                    break;
                case R.id.stop:
                    stopService(new Intent(MusicButtonActivity.this, MusicService.class));
                    break;
    
            }
        }
    

    然后Service的代码如下,使用MediaPlayer播放了一段放在res\raw下的音乐

    public class MusicService extends Service{
    
        private static final String TAG = MusicService.class.getSimpleName();
        //private MyBinder mMyBinder = new MyBinder();
        @Override
        public void onCreate() {
            super.onCreate();
            Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");
            mMediaPlayer = MediaPlayer.create(this, R.raw.my);
        }
    
        @Override
        public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
            Log.i(TAG, "onStartCommand");
            mMediaPlayer.start();
            return START_NOT_STICKY;
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onDestroy() {
            super.onDestroy();
            Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy");
            mMediaPlayer.stop();
        }
    
        @Nullable
        @Override
        public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
            Log.i(TAG, "onBind");
            return mMyBinder;
        }
    
        @Override
        //客户端和Service解绑时回调的方法
        public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
            Log.i(TAG, "onUnbind");
            return super.onUnbind(intent);
        }
    }
    
    

    按下start,然后stop,可以看到后台打印

    I/MusicService: onCreate
    I/MusicService: onStartCommand
    I/MusicService: onDestroy
    

    按下start,然后再按start,后台打印如下:

    I/MusicService: onCreate
    I/MusicService: onStartCommand
    I/MusicService: onStartCommand
    

    可见onCreate()只会调用一次,当Service已经启动后,之后就只会调用onStartCommand()方法。
    以上使用Service的方法,Activity和Service基本上没有什么关联,两者之间无法进行通信,交换数据什么的。所以想实现通信应该用bindService()和unBindService()

    3、绑定Service

    bindService()里面有三个参数boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags)

    • 第一个就是通过Intent启动指定的Service。
    • 第二个是ServiceConnection对象,监听访问者(clients)和Service的连接情况,我们可以看一下它的代码
    private ServiceConnection mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
            @Override
            public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
                System.out.println("connected");
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
    
                System.out.println("disconnected");
            }
        };
    

    当访问者和Servive连接成功时会回调onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service)其中service就是onBinder(Intent intent)返回的IBinder对象,通过这个IBinder对象与Service就可以进行通信。另外onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name)只会在异常断开和Service连接时,才会调用该方法,正常断开不会回调

    • 最后一个指定绑定的时候如果还没有创建Service,是否自动创建Service,0为不创建,BIND_AUTO_CREATE为自动创建。
      在上个代码上修改,在activity里得到歌曲的总时长(毫秒)。
    public class MusicService extends Service{
    
        private static final String TAG = MusicService.class.getSimpleName();
        private MyBinder mMyBinder = new MyBinder();
    
        private MediaPlayer mMediaPlayer;
        @Override
        public void onCreate() {
            super.onCreate();
            Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");
            mMediaPlayer = MediaPlayer.create(this, R.raw.my);
            mMediaPlayer.start();
        }
    
        @Override
        public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
            Log.i(TAG, "onStartCommand");
           // mMediaPlayer.start();
            return START_NOT_STICKY;
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onDestroy() {
            super.onDestroy();
            Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy");
            mMediaPlayer.stop();
        }
    
        @Nullable
        @Override
        public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
            Log.i(TAG, "onBind");
            return mMyBinder;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
            Log.i(TAG, "onUnbind");
            return super.onUnbind(intent);
        }
    
        public class MyBinder extends Binder{
            public int getProgress(){
    
                return mMediaPlayer.getDuration();
            }
        }
    }
    

    上面onBind()方法返回了一个可以得到歌曲总时长的Binder对象,该对象将会传给访问该Service的访问者。
    在activity里的代码:

    public class MusicButtonActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
    
        private Button mStop_button;
        private Button mStart_button;
        MusicService.MyBinder mBinder;
    
        private ServiceConnection mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
            @Override
            public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
    
                System.out.println("connected");
                //得到传入的对象
                mBinder = (MusicService.MyBinder) service;
                //得到了歌曲的时长
                int a = mBinder.getProgress();
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
    
                System.out.println("disconnected");
            }
        };
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_music_button);
    
            mStart_button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start);
            mStop_button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stop);
    
            mStart_button.setOnClickListener(this);
            mStop_button.setOnClickListener(this);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            switch (v.getId()){
                case R.id.start:
                    //startService(new Intent(MusicButtonActivity.this, MusicService.class));
                    bindService(new Intent(MusicButtonActivity.this, MusicService.class), mServiceConnection, Service.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    
                    break;
                case R.id.stop:
                    unbindService(mServiceConnection);
                    //stopService(new Intent(MusicButtonActivity.this, MusicService.class));
                    break;
    
            }
        }
    }
    

    点击start,后台打印

    MusicService: onCreate
    MusicService: onBind
    

    点击stop,后台打印

    08-07 15:59:01.430 14412-14412/com.example.myactionbardemo I/MusicService: onCreate
    08-07 15:59:01.485 14412-14412/com.example.myactionbardemo I/MusicService: onBind
    08-07 15:59:04.333 14412-14412/com.example.myactionbardemo I/MusicService: onUnbind
    08-07 15:59:04.334 14412-14412/com.example.myactionbardemo I/MusicService: onDestroy
    
    

    通过这种方法可以对Service的数据进行我们需要的操作。
    除了以上的两种情况,如果在Service已经启动的情况下,再去绑定的话,这个时候如果只是先解绑,在stop才能把Service销毁

    08-07 16:01:29.551 17091-17091/com.example.myactionbardemo I/MusicService: onCreate
    08-07 16:01:29.596 17091-17091/com.example.myactionbardemo I/MusicService: onStartCommand
    08-07 16:01:29.599 17091-17091/com.example.myactionbardemo I/MusicService: onBind
    08-07 16:01:40.265 17091-17091/com.example.myactionbardemo I/MusicService: onUnbind
    08-07 16:01:40.275 17091-17091/com.example.myactionbardemo I/MusicService: onDestroy
    

    4、IntentService

    我们开篇说过Service不是一个线程,它其实运行在主线程里,所以它里面不能处理一个耗时操作,当Service处理耗时操作超过20秒时,将会出现ANR(application not responding)异常,这是不能允许的。如果确实想在Service处理耗时操作,建议另开一条线程处理。除此之外,还可以使用Service的子类IntentService。如下面的代码

    public class MyIntentService  extends IntentService{
        /**
         * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
         *
         * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.
         */
        public MyIntentService(String name) {
            super(name);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
    
        }
    }
    

    看了下IntentService的源码

    public abstract class IntentService extends Service {
        private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
        private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
        private String mName;
        private boolean mRedelivery;
        //处理Intent请求
        private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
            public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
                super(looper);
            }
    
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
                stopSelf(msg.arg1);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        //创建了一个单独的线程
        public void onCreate() {
            // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
            // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
            // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
    
            super.onCreate();
            HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
            thread.start();
    
            mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
            mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
        }
    
        //发送处理intent请求的消息
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
            Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
            msg.arg1 = startId;
            msg.obj = intent;
            mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
        }
    
        /**
         * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
         * override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService
         * receives a start request.
         * @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
         */
        @Override
        public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
            onStart(intent, startId);
            return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onDestroy() {
            mServiceLooper.quit();
        }
    
        /**
         * Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this
         * method, because the default implementation returns null. 
         * @see android.app.Service#onBind
         */
        @Override
        public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
            return null;
        }
    
        /**
         * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
         * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
         * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
         * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
         * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
         * When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,
         * so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}.
         *
         * @param intent The value passed to {@link
         *               android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}.
         */
        @WorkerThread
        protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);
    }
    
    

    IntentService会创建一个HandlerThread这样的线程来处理所有的Intent请求,而我们只用重写void onHandleIntent(Intent intent)。IntentService就会帮我们处理。

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