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Android Window相关知识点简述

Android Window相关知识点简述

作者: 挨踢亮 | 来源:发表于2017-02-17 15:37 被阅读759次

    前言:有时候会好奇,打开一个应用你所看到的屏幕上每一个界面时怎么显现出来的。

    下面就会在这个问题进行剖析之前,做一些知识储备。

    1.在完成这个问题之前需要熟悉一下几个知识点。


    • Window

    • WindowManager

    • WindowManagerService

    • DecorView

    • PhoneWindow

    • RootViewimpl

    • ViewManager

    当看到这些的时候,会想这些是什么玩意全是什么什么window,下面就会对这些进行阐释。对这些知识点熟悉后,就能很容易的理解android的Activity是怎么显示和加载的了。

    2.所分析的源码是基于Android6.0


    Window:就如英文所表示的意思,它在Android中表示一个窗口并且它是一个用来装View的抽象概念。它可以提供一些背景,标题等功能。几乎所有的View都是附属在Window上面的(PopWindow就没有所依附的Window,它是直接浮在Window上面的一个容器)。

    WindowManager:在Window中有个setWindowManager方法,该方法是为window添加一个window管理器,一个Window对应于一个WindowManager,它继承与ViewManager接口,接口中定义了三个方法add, updateViewLayout, removeView.所以WindowManger想对Window中的View进行操作的话,是必须利用WindowManager的

    WindowManagerService:它是由SystemServer孵化出来的一个Service.它继承于IWindowManager.Stub,马上反应出就知道它需要进程间通信的。它通信的主要目标就还是WindowManager。所以它的作用就是对屏幕里面的窗口进行一一管理。

    PhoneWindow:它是Window的唯一实现类。它里面包含了一个最顶层的DecorView。大家使用的View都是存在于DecorView下面的。PhoneWindow里面继承了一个Callback接口,该接口里面包含了大量事件处理方法。分析的点击事件,就是对这些方法进行分析的。

    RootViewImpl:View的测量,布局,绘制就是在它的performTraversals方法里开始的。

    以上只是对一些重要的知识点进行一个简单阐释,下面将会从代码来阅读每个关键点,最后再给出Android是怎么加载并显示一个Activity的。

    3.源码阅读


    Window:就如英文所表示的意思,它在Android中表示一个窗口并且它是一个用来装View的抽象概念。它可以提供一些背景,标题等功能。几乎所有的View都是附属在Window上面的(PopWindow就没有所依附的Window,它是直接浮在Window上面的一个容器)。

    public void setWindowManager(WindowManager wm, IBinder appToken, String appName) {
               setWindowManager(wm, appToken, appName, false);
              }
    
    /**
    
    * Set the window manager for use by this Window to, for example,
    
    * display panels.  This is not used for displaying the
    
    * Window itself -- that must be done by the client.
    
    *
    
    * @param wm The window manager for adding new windows.
    
    */
    
    public void setWindowManager(WindowManager wm, IBinder appToken, String appName,
    
    boolean hardwareAccelerated) {
    
    mAppToken = appToken;
    
    mAppName = appName;
    
    mHardwareAccelerated = hardwareAccelerated
    
    || SystemProperties.getBoolean(PROPERTY_HARDWARE_UI, false);
    
    if (wm == null) {
    
    wm = (WindowManager)mContext.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
    
    }
    
    mWindowManager = ((WindowManagerImpl)wm).createLocalWindowManager(this);
    
    }
    

    虽然有两个setWindowManager 方法来为Window添加WindowManager,但可以直接看后者。这里可以看到WindowManager的是一个实现类是WindowManagerImpl.从这里就可以进入到WindowManager去看看它的代码了。

    WindowManager是一个接口继承于ViewManager接口。在ViewManager中有三个方法分别是
    public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
    public void updateViewLayout(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
    public void removeView(View view);
    这三个方法就说明了前面为什么说WindowManager是外界对Window访问的接口了,你想操作Window中View就需要通过WindowManager来进行添加,更新好布局参数,移除Window中的View。

    WindowManager中LayoutParams对ViewGroup的LayoutParams进行了一个补充给对应的Window添加Type参数表示Window的类型,有三种类型,分别是应用Window,子Window和系统Window,应用类Window对应一个Activity,子Window不能单独存在,它需要附属在特定的父Window之中,比如常见的Dialog就是一个子Window,系统Window是需要声明权限在能创建的Window,比如Toast和系统状态栏这些都是系统Window。
    对Type类型的定义截取一段:
    /**
    * Start of window types that represent normal application windows.
    */
    public static final int FIRST_APPLICATION_WINDOW = 1;

    /**
      * End of types of application windows.
      */
    public static final int LAST_APPLICATION_WINDOW = 99;
    

    这两个说明了应用层Window数值大小是1至99

    /**
    * Start of types of sub-windows.  The {@link #token} of these windows
    * must be set to the window they are attached to.  These types of
    * windows are kept next to their attached window in Z-order, and their
    * coordinate space is relative to their attached window.
    */
    public static final int FIRST_SUB_WINDOW = 1000;
    /**
    * End of types of sub-windows.
     */
     public static final int LAST_SUB_WINDOW = 1999;
    

    这两个说明了子Window数值大小是1000至1999

    /**
    * Start of system-specific window types.  These are not normally
    * created by applications.
    */
        public static final int FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW     = 2000;
    
    /**
      * End of types of system windows.
      */
        public static final int LAST_SYSTEM_WINDOW      = 2999;
    

    这两个说明了系统Window数值大小是 2000至2999

    通过Type的设置可以改变Window所处层级,也就指定了View显示的优先级。
    WindowManager的实现类是WindowManagerImpl,在它里面主要是去看对View操作的三个方法:add update remove

    @Override'
    public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
            android.util.SeempLog.record_vg_layout(383,params);
            applyDefaultToken(params);
            mGlobal.addView(view, params, mDisplay, mParentWindow);
        }
    WindowManagerimpl的add方法实际上是调用了WindowManagerGlobal的add方法,方法如下:
    public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
             Display display, Window parentWindow) {
        if (view == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null");
        }
        if (display == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("display must not be null");
        }
        if (!(params instanceof WindowManager.LayoutParams)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Params must be WindowManager.LayoutParams");
        }
    
        final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams) params;
        if (parentWindow != null) {
            parentWindow.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(wparams);
        } else {
            // If there's no parent, then hardware acceleration for this view is
            // set from the application's hardware acceleration setting.
            final Context context = view.getContext();
            if (context != null
                    && (context.getApplicationInfo().flags
                            & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED) != 0) {
                wparams.flags |= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED;
            }
        }
    
        ViewRootImpl root;
        View panelParentView = null;
    
        synchronized (mLock) {
            // Start watching for system property changes.
            if (mSystemPropertyUpdater == null) {
                mSystemPropertyUpdater = new Runnable() {
                    @Override public void run() {
                        synchronized (mLock) {
                            for (int i = mRoots.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
                                mRoots.get(i).loadSystemProperties();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                };
                SystemProperties.addChangeCallback(mSystemPropertyUpdater);
            }
    
            int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
            if (index >= 0) {
                if (mDyingViews.contains(view)) {
                    // Don't wait for MSG_DIE to make it's way through root's queue.
                    mRoots.get(index).doDie();
                } else {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("View " + view
                            + " has already been added to the window manager.");
                }
                // The previous removeView() had not completed executing. Now it has.
            }
    
            // If this is a panel window, then find the window it is being
            // attached to for future reference.
            if (wparams.type >= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FIRST_SUB_WINDOW &&
                    wparams.type <= WindowManager.LayoutParams.LAST_SUB_WINDOW) {
                final int count = mViews.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                    if (mRoots.get(i).mWindow.asBinder() == wparams.token) {
                        panelParentView = mViews.get(i);
                    }
                }
            }
            root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);
            view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
    
            mViews.add(view);
            mRoots.add(root);
            mParams.add(wparams);
        }
    
        // do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things
        try {
            root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            // BadTokenException or InvalidDisplayException, clean up.
            synchronized (mLock) {
                final int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
                if (index >= 0) {
                    removeViewLocked(index, true);
                }
            }
            throw e;
        }
    }
    
    从这个方法中可以提炼出几个关键点,

    1.ViewRootImpl 在它里面开始对Window所加载的View进行绘制
    2.mView mRoots mParms为数组,它们之间形成一一对应的关系
    3.display: 提供有关逻辑显示器大小和密度的信息
    对ViewRootImpl放到以后的文章中进行详解,它对于理解自定义View有很大的帮助。

    PhoneWindow:大部分View都有它本身所依附的Window,而PhoneWindow是Window的唯一实现类,所以可以直接说大部分View都是依附在PhoneWindow上。
    PhoneWinodw中有个关键的DecotView变量。
    // This is the top-level view of the window, containing the window decor.
    private DecorView mDecor;
    从它的注释就可以知道,它是界面显示View中的顶层View,而我们所操作看到和操作的View都是它的子View。DecorView本身是继承于FrameLayout。它内部有两个变量
    // View added at runtime to draw under the status bar area
    private View mStatusGuard;
    // View added at runtime to draw under the navigation bar area
    private View mNavigationGuard;
    注释说明它们两个在DecorView的顶部和底部的指示栏,中间就由ViewGroup呈现的Content区域。
    所以Activit,PhoneWindow,DecorView,View的关系可以用如下图来说明:


    2017021702426993.jpg

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      网友评论

      • a56a181369b9:最后的图,在下认为是不正确的,StatusGuard 跟NavigationGuard都是单独的window,他不是在App或者Activity的Window里的

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