最近新入手一本大神级英文写作好书，
现把自己随手写的笔记贴过来，
分而享之。
THE ELEMENT OF STYLE
Note taking
一 Elementary rules of usage
1.学会使用’s
例子： Charles’s friends Burns’s poems
特例：Jesus’ for science’ sake
2.三项及以上描述对象的时候，连接词间要用逗号
例子：red, white, and blue gold, sliver, or copper
He opened the letter, read it, and made a note of its contents
3. 插入语与主要句子间要加逗号
例子： My brother if you will be pleasure to hear, is now in perfect health.
4.日期中的逗号使用
February to July, 1992
April 6, 1986
Wednesday, November 14, 1990
注意： 6 April 1988 观察一下：数字和单词已经被自然隔开 因而不用另加逗号
5.缩略语etc. i.e. e.g. 等 作为插入语使用时 也要加逗号
例子：Letters, packages, etc., should go there.
Horace Fulsome, PH.D., presided
注意： 对于有身份／定义限制的名词，不能使用逗号
例子：Billy the kid
The novelist Jane Austen
William the Conqueror
6.以where, who, which,when 等引导的插入语，要加逗号，但是起限制性的从句则不可以
怎么判断呢，就是，如果where等引导的句子从整个句子中删除而不影响句子语法结构，就要加逗号，反之则不能够加
例子： The audience, which had at first been indifferent, became more and more interested.
这里的“which had at first been indifferent”如果被删除，整个句子依旧完整，因而符合加逗号的要求
People who lives in glass house shouldn’t throw stones.
这里的“who lives in glass house”一旦去掉，将会影响整个句子的语法正确性，因而不能加逗号。
7.如果主句前有修饰的句子or短语，修饰句子和短语要加逗号
例子：Partly by hard fighting, partly by diplomatic skill, they enlarged their dominions to the east and rose to royal rank with the possession of Sicily.
The situation is perilous, but there is still one chance of escape.
注意：两个句子间用as，for，or，nor，while链接的 需要加逗号
例子：The situation is perilous, but if we are prepared to act promptly, there is still one chance of escape.
再次注意：如果主语一致，且两句之间用but连接，则需要在两句之间用逗号；如果是用and连接，则不用逗号
例子：I have heard the arguments, but am still unconvinced.
He has had several year’s experience and is thoroughly competent.
8.两及以上完整句子之间用分号“；”隔开
例子：Mary’s work are entertaining; they are full of engaging ideas.
It’s nearly half past five; we can't reach town before dark.
体会一下句子对于标点符号使用的不同：
Mary’s work are entertaining. They are full of engaging ideas.
Mary’s work are entertaining, for they are full of engaging ideas.
注意：如果第二个句子以副词引领，则还是需要用分号
例子：I had never been in the place before; therefore, it was dark as a tomb.
特例：当句子非常短且简单时，可以用逗号
例子：Man proposes, God disposes.
I hardly know him, he was so changed.
以上。
To be continued……
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