上句见：Day81
The Story of Philosophy的第82句：第1章Plato第1节The Context of Plato第6段第8句：

At first this philosophy was physical; it looked out upon the material world and asked what was the final and irreducible constituent of things. The natural termination of this line of thought was the materialism of Democritus(460-360 B.C.) — “in reality there is nothing but atoms and space.” This was one of the main streams of Greek speculation; it passed underground for a time in Plato’s day, but emerged in Epicurus(342-270), and became a torrent of eloquence in Lucretius(98-55 B.C.). But the most characteristic and fertile developments of Greek philosophy took form with the Sophists, traveling teachers of wisdom, who looked within upon their own thought and nature, rather than out upon the world of things. They were all clever men (Gorgias and Hippias, for example), and many of them were profound (Protagoras, Prodices); there is hardly a problem or a solution in our current philosophy of mind and conduct which they did not realize and discuss. They asked questions about anything; they stood unafraid in the presence of religious or political taboos; and boldly subpoenaed every creed and institution to appear before the judgementseat of reason. In politics they divided into two schools. One, like Rousseau, argued that nature is good, and civilization bad; that by nature all men are equal, becoming unequal only by class-made institutions; and that law is an invention of the strong to chain and rule the weak. Another school, like Nietzsche, claimed that nature is beyond good and evil; that by nature all men are unequal; that morality is an invention of the weak to limit and deter the strong; that power is the supreme virtue, and the supreme desire of man; and that of all forms of government the wisest and most natural is aristocracy.
浙江大学译本：其一就像后来的卢梭，坚持性本善，文明本恶，同时，这一派坚持人生而平等，后天的不平等则完全由按阶级划分的社会制度导致，法律则是强者用以压制和统治弱者的发明；

解析

这句讲的是类似卢梭这一派：自然本善+生而平等。
1、One, like Rousseau, argued that nature is good, and civilization bad;
自然观：自然本是好的，但文明毁了人类善良的本性。卢梭有句名言，“上帝创造出来的东西本来都是好的，但是一经过人手就完全改变了性质。”
这句很对照写，nature is good, and civilization bad，nature/civilization分别对应good/bad。

2、that by nature all men are equal, becoming unequal only by class-made institutions;
等级观：人生而平等。不平等是社会制度造就的。
这里的“nature”表示本性。“by nature”的英文释义是：“ in virtue of the very character or essence of the thing or person, naturally.”
Children are extremely compassionate by nature.孩子们天生是非常富有同情心的。

3、and that law is an invention of the strong to chain and rule the weak.
强弱关系：法律是强者为了奴役弱者的。
**be an invention of **：这个短语可以用来描述不同事物或概念的起源。
比如The smartphone is an invention of the revolutionized way we communicate.手机是一项彻底改变了我们沟通方式的一项发明。
the +adj.：表示某一类人，weak对应strong，分别指代弱者及强者。
chain：to fasten, hold, or connect (someone or something) with a chain，用铁链锁住，引申为“束缚”

其中一派就如卢梭的观点，认为自然是美好的而文明是糟糕的，同时他们提倡人生而平等，认为只是制度造就了不公平。法律是强者用来奴役弱者而发明的工具。