Day1-2
WHY DO SOME YOUNG PEOPLE BECOME JIHADIS? PSYCHIATRY OFFERS ANSWERS
THE GUARDIAN MAY 26, 2017
1. Traumatising：造成创伤的
2. verse[vɜːs]n.诗，诗歌；诗节；（《圣经》的）节
3. at fault n.有过失; n.有毛病,有错误
4. Qur'an 古兰经
5. perversion[U] changing sth from right to wrong; perverting变错;变坏;反常:the perversion of innocence纯洁心灵的变坏*the perversion of the evidence to suit powerful interests因利慾熏心而颠倒是非. (b) [C] perverted form of sth;distortion歪曲;颠倒;曲解:Her account was a perversion of the truth.她所讲的歪曲了事实.
6. abhor/əbˈhɔː(r); əbˋhɔr/v(-rr-)[Tn] feel hatred and disgust for (sb/sth); detest憎恨（某人[某事物]）;厌恶;讨厌:abhor terrorism, terrorists憎恨恐怖活动﹑恐怖分子.
7. abidevi., vt. abode, abided, abiding遵守；服从
8. play/wreak havoc with sth damage or upset sth 破坏或扰乱某事物:The bad weather played havoc with our plans.天气恶劣把我们的计画打乱了.
9. psychiatry/saɪˈkaɪətrɪ/n[U]study and treatment of mental illness 精神病学;精神病治疗
10. acculturation文化适应
11. deculturation文化萎缩
12. at odds不和,冲突,反对,有分歧
13. pathway A pathway is a path which you can walk along ora route which you can take.
14. gang帮派
15. faction[ˈfækʃ(ə)n]宗派，派系 rival factions within the party
16. allegiance/əˈliːdʒəns/n[U](fml文)~ (to sb/sth)support of or loyalty to a government,ruler, cause, etc（对政府﹑统治者﹑事业等的）拥护,忠诚:swear (an oath of) allegiance to the Queen宣誓效忠女王
17. manifesto/ˏmænɪˈfestəu/n(pl~sor~es) (publicationcontaining a) public declaration by a political party, ruler, etc of principlesand policy（政党﹑统治者等关於原则﹑政策的）宣言,声明:an election manifesto竞选声明*publish/issue a manifesto发表宣言.
18. subversive adj~ (of sth)trying or likely to weaken or destroy a political system, anaccepted belief, etc为削弱或破坏某政治制度﹑公认的信仰等的;颠覆性的:subversive propaganda颠覆性的宣传*a subversive book, speaker, influence具有煽动性的书﹑演讲者﹑影响
19. implicate（常与in连用）使卷入，使牵连于The police found a letter which implicated him in the robbery."警察发现了一封信,这封信把他牵连到抢劫案中。"
20. mediator a person or an organization that tries to get agreement between people or groups who disagree with each other:to act as (a) mediator in the negotiations
21. disaffected adj discontented; disloyal不满的;不忠的:Disaffected members have left to form a new party.那些不忠分子脱党另组了一个新党.
22. jihadi adj.of or relating to a jihad
jihad /dʒɪˈhɑːd; dʒɪˋhɑd/n holy war fought by Muslims against those who reject Islam圣战（穆斯林对异教徒之战）.
23. the fold[sing] group of people with the same (usu religious) beliefs具有同一信仰（通常为宗教信仰）的人们.
24. rhetoric/ˈretərɪk; ˋrɛtərɪk/n[U](derog贬) elaborate language which is intended to impress but is often insincere, meaningless or exaggerated华丽的词藻（常含华而不实之意）;虚夸的言辞:the empty rhetoric of politicians政客们的花言巧语.
25. narcissistic If you describe someone as narcissistic, you disapprove of them because they think about themselves a lot and admire themselves too much. (FORMAL)
26. Psychopath 精神变态者
27. revel in sth/doing sth take great delight in sth尽情享受某事情;沉迷於某事物:revelling in her new-found freedom充分享受她新获得的自由
28. Thuggery Thuggery is rough, violent behaviour.
29. ammunition(fig比喻) facts and reasoning used in trying to win an argument用於争论中的事实和论据:This letter gave her all the ammunition she needed.这封信给她提供了她所需要的一切论据.
30. peddle[Tn, Dn.pr]~ sth (to sb) offer (ideas,gossip, etc) to individual people宣扬,散播（主张﹑流言等）:peddle malicious gossip散播恶毒的流言蜚语*peddling his crazy plan to other party members向其他党员宣传他那疯狂的计画.
31. proliferate[I] produce new growth or offspring rapidly; multiply（迅速地）繁殖;增殖;增生.
32. defiantly adv. in a rebellious manner
33. carry on with 把…继续进行下去
Day3-4
神句
1.Some will have you believe that Islam is at fault since verses of the Qur’an legitimize such violence, while their opponents point out that the ideology fuelling these acts of terroris a twisted perversion of the religion.
一些人会使你相信伊斯兰教是有错的，因为古兰经的几个章节合法化了暴力，但反对者提出助涨恐怖行为的思想是对这个宗教的曲解。
示例：有些人会试图让你相信伊斯兰教是罪魁祸首，因为古兰经的经文为这种暴力行径提供了辩护。而持反对意见的人则指出：导致恐怖行为的思想体系其实是对伊斯兰教的变态扭曲。
Ideology fueling these acts of terror:fueling=driving
2.Western policy has often been cited as an important driver, but there are countless law-abiding British citizens of all faiths who disagree with recent foreign policy who do not feel compelled to wreak bloody havoc on account of it.
西方政策通常被认为是一个重要的驱动力，但无数信仰不同的英国守法公民不赞同最近的外交政策，也并未因此感到受迫去破坏。
示例：西方政策经常被认为是一个重要的诱因，然而，无数不赞成近期外交政策的英国公民并没有因此而觉得非得发动血腥暴乱，他们秉持不同信仰且遵纪守法。
这个句子需要花点功夫琢磨才能破解。两个who并列修饰countless law-abiding British citizens,但两个who后面的内容在逻辑上是转折关系，无数不赞成外交政策的人，并没有因此气急败坏，相反，他们遵纪守法。
3.For those who find themselves at odds with the culture of their parents, and yet are met with hostility from the culture of the society they live in, exiting the acculturation paradigm to embrace a third culture that provides them with a sense of belonging may be an appealing option. In this case their minds become fertile ground for radicalization.
有些人发现自己与父母的文化不符，遭遇了自己所在社会文化的敌意，他们就会退出文化适应的范式，转而拥抱提供归属感的第三种文化，这对他们而言是很有吸引力的选择。在这种情况下，他们的思想成为了孕育极端化的肥沃土壤。
示例：对那些和父母观念冲突，在社会中又满遭敌意的人而言，退出文化适应模式加入能给他们带来归属感的第三种文化就成了具有吸引力的一个选择。在这种情况下，激进主义很容易在这些人脑中滋生。
4.Perhaps the low self-esteem brought on by marginalization is the mediator here, traded readily by some disaffected Muslim youths for the perceived sense of purpose and status associated with being a jihadi.
可能被边缘化引发的自尊心受挫是调和剂，不忠诚的穆斯林青年用此交换察觉到的目标感和成为圣战分子的地位
示例：也许由边缘化带来的低自尊是主要载体，愤愤不平的穆斯林青年满心想通过成为圣战分子把它转变成自认为的使命感和地位感。
Perceived sense of：perceived这个词应该来说是英语里特别精妙的一个词，汉语里很难找到直接对应词。指的是自己的主观认知，通常与客观事实都有一段距离。What you perceive is just your interpretation of the reality instead of the reality itself.
5. Although the factors that lead to radicalization are still poorly understood, and areas complex as the acts of terror are devastating,some common themes are evident, and we should respond accordingly.
尽管导致极端化的因素依然难以理解，并且和恐怖行为恶化一样复杂，一些普通的因素却很明显，我们应相应采取应对。
示例：尽管导致激进主义的原因依然不明，且其复杂程度堪比恐怖行径带来的灾难规模，但有一些线索还是相当明显，需要我们采取相应的措施。
神词组
1.Feel compelled to do sth:受迫做某事
2.Pose a challenge for:对……造成威胁/ 带来挑战
3.Radical extremist faction极端分子派别/ 激进的极端派别
4.Be highly susceptible to jihadi rhetoric对圣战的华丽辞藻高度怀疑/ 极易受圣战组织言论影响
Be highly susceptible to sth:极易受...影响
5.Counter-narrative反对叙述性的/ 相反的论调
6.Address the factors解决因素
7.Take a fresh approach to采取新的方法
Day5
Terrorism is spreading the whole Europe. As terrorist attacks happened one by one, some European doubted the reasonableness of immigration policies. European always mark themselves as the most humanitarian ones, but the reality demonstrated that too many issues existing in the acculturation of immigrants. Those who don’t adapt themselves as a part of the new culture are more likely to turn to terrorists. This is a approach for them to rebuild self-respect and a perceived sense of status.
Defending terrorism calls for the effort of the whole human society. Everyone can contribute to it.
Day6
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