研究结果和讨论的呈现

作者: 话时光 | 来源:发表于2022-05-06 16:23 被阅读0次

    1. 结果部分回答以下问题

    1) What did I find?

     2) What did I not find?

     3)  What did I find that I was not expecting to find? (e.g. that contradicts my hypotheses)

    ****讨论和结论一般放在一块,如果结论单独一章,则一般不加任何讨论

    2. 如何开始结果部分

    1)先总结结果

    Overall, the results presented below show that …

    The three key results of this empirical study are: …

    The following emergent themes were identified from the analysis: …

    2)直接讲结果,引入图表

    Figure 1 shows the mass spectra obtained from an analysis of the two residues. The first residue reveals a .. (Fig. 1a)

    A total of 34 wheat genotypes (Table  1) were screened for … Responses to increased sunlight varied significantly (Figure  1) …

    3.结果部分的其他结构,一张一张图表介绍

    1. Highlight those results (including those from controls) that answer your research question (可以的话,可以把最重要的结果放在前面)

    2.  Outline secondary results

    3.  Give supporting information

    4.  Mention any results that contradict your hypothesis and explain why they are anomalous

    允许写一些不好的结果。

    4. 如何描述结果的图表

    举例:
    S1. *Figure 4 shows the relationship between the numbers of species A and species B.

    改写:S2.  The abundances of species A and B were inversely related (Figure 4).

    1 As can be seen in Figure 1, levels of intolerance  were  highest  during  late adolescence.----Levels  of  intolerance  were  highest  during late adolescence (Figure  1).Avoid phrases such as can be seen and we can see .

    2 We can see from Table  2 that in the control group,  values  for  early  adolescence  (13– 15)  were  6.5.  On  the  other  hand,  values for mid adolescence (16–17) were 6.7.-------Values  for  early  adolescence  were  lower than  for  mid  adolescence:  6.5  versus  6.7 (Table  2). 别光重复数字,要分析

    3 Figure  1  shows  that  levels  of  intolerance are 9, 15 and 20 during early, mid and late adolescence, respectively.-----Levels of intolerance are highest during late adolescence (Figure  1). (不需要具体介绍每个结果)

    ***Another typical mistake is to repeat word for word the caption / legend to your figures and tables within the main text.

    5. 包含讨论的结果与讨论的结构

    1. Statement of principal findings

      2.  Strengths and weaknesses of the study

      3.    Strengths and weaknesses in relation to other studies: important differences in results

      4.    Meaning  of  the  study:  possible  explanations  and  implications  for  clinicians  and policymakers

      5.  Unanswered questions and future research

    6. 如何开始讨论

    (1) Remind readers of your goals, preferably in a single sentence: One of the main goals of this experiment was to attempt to find a way to predict who shows more task persistence.

    (2)  Refer back to the questions (hypotheses, predictions etc.) that you posed in your Introduction:These results both negate and support some of the hypotheses. It was predicted that greater perfectionism scores would result in greater task persistence, but this turned out not to be the case.

    (3)  Refer back papers you cited in your Review of the Literature: Previous studies conflict with the data presented in the Results: it was more common for any type  of  feedback  to  impact  participants  than  no  feedback  (Shanab  et  al.,  1981;  Elawar  &Corno, 1985).

    (4)  Briefly restate the most important points from your Results: While not all of the results were significant, the overall direction of results showed trends that could  be  helpful  to  learning  about  who  is  more  likely  to  persist  and  what  could  influence persistence.

    7. 如何结束讨论

    当有结论部分时

    (a) Tell your readers if and how your findings could be extended to other areas. But you must provide evidence of this. If you repeated your experiment in a different context, would you get the same result?

    We only a limited number of samples. A greater number of samples could lead to a higher generalization of our results …

    Although this is a small study, the results can be generalized to ...

    Our results may hold true for other countries in Asia.

    (b)  Suggest ways that your hypothesis (model, device etc.) could be improved on.

    We have not been able to explain whether x = y. A larger sample would be able to make more accurate predictions.

    A greater understanding of our findings could lead to a theoretical improvement in ...

    (c)  Say if and / or why you ignored some specific areas.

    Our research only focuses on x, whereas it might be important to include y as well. In fact, the inclusion of y would enable us to …

    We did not pay much attention to ... The reason for this was ...

    (d)  Admit what you have not been able to do and as a consequence cannot provide conclusions on.

    Unfortunately, our database cannot tell the exact scale of Chinese overseas R&D investment.

    Consequently we cannot conclude that …

    (e)  Reiterate your reasons for choosing your topic of investigation in order to convince your readers of the validity of what you have said in the Discussion.

    As mentioned in the Introduction, so far no one appears to have applied current knowledge of  neural  networks  to  the  field  of  mass  marketing  fraud.  The  importance  of  our  results using such networks thus lies both in their generality and their relative ease of application to new areas, such as counterfeit products.

    当没有结论部分时

    (1) what her findings imply

    The  attitudinal  information  from  our  survey  shows  that  farmers  hold  cows  in  very  high regard.

    (2)  what her recommendations are

    These results create a positive profile of the caring and respectful attitudes of UK farmers to their stock, and this image should be promoted to the public further recommendation.

    (3)  how her research could be continued

    A 56% response rate suggests the respondents are a good representation of UK stock managers. Further  on-farm  interviews,  observations,  and  animal-centered  tests  are  needed  to  confirm the inferences made from the data collected in this postal survey.

    8. 如何使得讨论更加出彩

    The adjectives can be qualitative (e.g. convincing, exciting, indisputable, undeniable) or quantitative ( huge, massive).  Typical  powerful  nouns  that  suggest  a  major  step  forward  are: breakthrough, advance, leap. These adjectives and nouns can also be used in combination (e.g.  a substantial insight, a massive advance).

    9. 如何讨论研究局限

    The important thing is to be (i) honest.  try to do so in a positive way

    (ii) clear, and, if appropriate. When you outline the limitations, you also need to be clear what these limitations are and what exactly the implications are

    (iii) discuss possible remedies

    (iv) to say that other  authors  have  experienced  similar  problems

    (v) You can also attribute your limitations to the fact that current knowledge (theo -ries, models, technologies etc.) is unable to resolve the problems you have encountered.

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