动名词都用什么用?
作主语
1. 放句首最常见
2. 特定句型
① It is no good/use doing 做…没有用
② There is no doing 做…不可能
There is no telling what will happen tomorrow. 谁也无法预料明天会发生什么。
There is no knowing the future. 未来不可预测。
There is no denying the fact. 事实不可否认。
作表语
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实 (Seeing为动名词作主语,believing为动名词作表语)
Talking picture is savoring life intensely, every hundredth of a second. (savoring品尝;intensely深入地)拍照就是深刻的体会人生,体会每个0.01秒的瞬间。
That's asking too much. 这太过分了。
那是自找烦恼。That's asking trouble.
作定语
表示所修饰的名词的用途、功能
reading room 阅览室 sleeping bag 睡袋 swimming pool 游泳池
running track 跑道 washing line 晾衣绳 dining car 餐车 fishing rod 钓鱼竿
候车室 waiting room 梳妆台 dressing tables 饮用水 drinking water
煎锅 frying pan 工作时间 working hours 冷却系统 cooling system
食用油 cooking oil 洗衣机washing machine 驾照 driving license 安眠药 sleeping pill
作宾语
动宾
admit/ advise/ appreciate/ avoid/con sider/ deny/ discuss, dislikel endure/ enjoy/ fancy/ feel like/ forbid forgive, give up/imaginel mention/mind/miss/permit/practice,resist/ risk/ can'tstand/ understand
介宾
Life appears to me too short to be spent in nursing animosity or registering wrongs.生命对我来说太短暂了,不能用来怀恨和记仇。
The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes.真正的发现之旅,不在于寻找新的风景,而在于拥有新的眼光。
We make up for being bad presents by being good neighbors.我们通过做好邻居弥补做坏父母。
特定句型
①have [difficulty / trouble / problem / a hard time] (in) doing 做某事有困难
You have a hard time taking orders.你总是不听指挥。
②情不自禁:can't help doing / can't hold back from doing (can't hold back from doing:欲罢不能)
③be worth doing
动名词的复合结构
成功加入动名词自己的主语(逻辑主语)
1. 构成
①物主代词(例:my, his, her等) + doing
②所有格名词(例:Will's, Tom's等) + doing
栗子
栗子1
你介意坐这吗?Do you mind sitting here? 这句话“坐”和“介意”的发出者都是“你”。
你介意我坐这儿吗?Do you mind my sitting here? 这句话“坐”和“介意”的发出者不同,“介意”的发出者是“你”,“坐”的发出者是“我”,非谓语动词有了自己的主语“我”,使用物主代词my。
栗子2
你介意给我们讲个鬼故事吗?Do you mind telling us a ghost story? 这句话“讲”和“介意”的发出者都是“你”。
你介意Will给我们讲个鬼故事吗?Do you mind Will's telling us a ghost story? 这句话“讲”和“介意”的发出者不同,“介意”的发出者是“你”,“讲”的发出者是“Will”,非谓语动词有了自己的主语“Will”,使用所有格名词Will's。
动名词复合结构作宾语时,用普通格(me,Will等)和所有格(my,Will's等)都可以
你介意我坐这儿吗?
Do you mind my sitting here?
Do you mind me sitting here?
你介意Will给我们讲个鬼故事吗?
Do you mind Will's telling us a ghost story?
Do you mind Will telling us a ghost story?
动名词的被动形式
being + 过去分词:被动
栗子
没有什么比被冤枉更糟糕的了。There is nothing worse than being wronged.
他不喜欢受人奉承。He doesn't like being flattered.
尊重他人就是尊重自己。Respecting others is respecting ourselves. Respecting others is/means being respected.
动名词的完成式
having + 过去分词(done):动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
栗子
He is proud of having won the first prize. (两个动作,先“赢”后“自豪”→动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前
他否认去过那里。He denied having been there. 先“去”,后“否认”。
我很后悔当初没好好学英语。I regretted not having studied English hard. 先“学习”,后“后悔”。
为什么not放在regretted后面?
例:This is not a book. book是名词,having studied English hard是动名词,在功能上跟名词一样,所以这里not放在regretted后面
动名词主动表被动
need, want, deserve后面用动名词主动表被动
栗子
这花得浇浇了。The flowers need watering.
这个需要解释一下。That needs explaining.
你头发该剪剪了.Your hair wants cutting?want有需要的含义,放在此处有拟人的意思。
他应该第一个被枪毙。He deserves shooting first.
动名词
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